Appendix I: Checklist for Interview Questions

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Appendix I: Checklist for Interview Questions APPENDIX I: CHECKLIST FOR INTERVIEW QUESTIONS KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS 1. Al Qaeda; Saudi Arabia’s Internal Risks and Security Threats (a) What are the important social risks in Saudi Arabia? (Rapid popula- tion growth, unemployment, lack of high quality education system and the attraction of the youths to the Al Qaeda network) (b) How do social risks in Saudi Arabia affect the wider security in the region? (c) How can the acts of perpetrated by Al Qaeda affect the US and both Shia and Sunni Persian Gulf states? 2. Anti-American Sentiment (a) What are the most important factors of anti-Americanism in the Persian Gulf?/What role did religious differences between the regional states and the US play in fomenting anti-American senti- ment in the region in the 1980s? (b) To what extent is religion a key element in the rise of anti-American sentiments in the region?/How did globalization affect the cul- tural identity of the region and what role did it play in the rise in anti-American sentiment?/To what extent have US activities in the region since 2003 been a factor in rising levels of anti-American sentiment? © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 189 F. Shayan, Security in the Persian Gulf Region, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-58678-0 190 APPENDIX I: CHECKLIST FOR INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (c) Given these factors, which one do you regard as most important for the rise in anti-American attitudes? 3. The Security Complex in the Persian Gulf (a) How do the security threats and risks mentioned above affect the security complex in the region?/To what extent has the Iraq War created an increase in societal security threats in the region? OPINION QUESTIONS 4. The Future of the Security Complex in the Region (a) How would you describe the future of the security complex in the Persian Gulf? 5. Personal Perspective (a) Is there something else you would like to add? BIBLIOGRAPHY SECONDARY MATERIAL BOOKS Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin. 2006. The International Politics of the Persian Gulf: A Cultural Genealogy . Abingdon and New York: Routledge. Ahmadi, Koroush. 2008. Islands and International Politics in the Persian Gulf: Abu Musa and the Tunbs in Strategic Perspective . Abingdon and New York: Routledge. Aho, James A. 1994. This Thing of Darkness: A Sociology of the Enemy . Seattle: University of Washington Press. Al-e-Ahmad, Jalal. 1962. Westitis. http://tarikhema.ir/books/adab/jalal_aleah- mad/gharbzadegi%20.pdf . Accessed 25 June 2014. Al-Hasan, Hamza. 1993. Shia in Saudi Arabia . Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Baqi’ li- Ihya’ al-Turath. Al-Qahtani, Abdullah [date not cited]. They Are the Kharijites . http://elaph. wordpress.com/2012/03/20/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF- %D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D8 %A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1- %D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8 %AC-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85/ . Accessed 20 June 2014. Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2007. Contesting the Saudi State: Islamic Voices from a New Generation . New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Baxter, Kylie, and Shahram Akbarzadeh. 2008. US Foreign Policy in the Middle East: The Roots of Anti-Americanism . Abingdon: Routledge. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 191 F. Shayan, Security in the Persian Gulf Region, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-58678-0 192 BIBLIOGRAPHY Beach, Derek, and Rasmus Brun Pedersen. 2013. Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Bearden, Milton, and James Risen. 2003. The Main Enemy: The Inside Story of the CIA’s Final Showdown with the KGB . New York: Random House Publishing Group. Bennett, Andrew. 1999. Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Intervention 1973–1996 . Cambridge and Massachusetts: MIT Press. Berg, Bruce L. 1989. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences . Ohio: Allyn and Bacon. Blain, Michael. 2009. The Sociology of Terrorism: Studies in Power, Subjection, and Victimage Ritual . Boca Raton, Florida: Universal-Publisher. Booth, Ken. 2007. Theories of World Security . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brodie, Bernard, ed. 1946. The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order . New York: Harcourt. ———, ed. 1973. From Cross-Bow to H-Bomb . Indiana: Indiana University Press. ———. 1959. Strategy in the Missile Age . Princeton: Princeton University Press. Brown, Carl L., ed. 2001. Diplomacy in the Middle East: The International Relations of Regional and Outside Powers . London and New York: I.B. Tauris. Buzan, Barry. 1991. People, State and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era . New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. ———. 2004. The United States and the Great Powers: The World Politics in the Twenty One Century . Cambridge: Polity Press. Buzan, Barry, and Ole Wæver. 2003. Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Buzan, Barry, Ole Wæver, and Jaap de Wilde. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis . Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. Campbell, David. 1992. Writing Security, United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Chiozza, Giacomo. 2009. Anti-Americanism and American World Order . Maryland: The John Hopkins University Press. Commins, David. 2006. The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia . London and New York: I.B. Tauris. Cordesman, Anthony. 2003. Saudi Arabia Enters the Twenty First Century: The Military and International Security Dimensions . Westport: Prager Publishers. Dabashi, Hamid. 2008. Islamic Liberation Theology: Resisting the Empire . Abingdon and New York: Routledge. Darvis, James W. 2005. Terms of Inquiry: On the Theory and Practice of Political Science . Maryland: John Hopkins University Press. Douglas, Jack D. 1985. Creative Interviewing . Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Druckman, Daniel. 2005. Doing Research: Methods of Inquiry for Confl ict Analysis . California, London and New Delhi: Sage Publication. BIBLIOGRAPHY 193 Eagle, Kimberly Scism. 2005. New Public Management in Charlotte, North Carolina: A Case Study of Managed Competition . Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. El-Shibiny, Mohamed. 2005. The Threat of Globalization to Arab Islamic Culture . Pittsburgh: Dorrance Publishing. Faath, Sigrid, ed. 2006. Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World . Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. Foley, Sean. 2010. The Arabs Gulf States: Beyond Oil and Islam . Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Gause, Gregory F. 2010. The International Relations of the Persian Gulf . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. George, Alexander L., and A. Bennett. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Developments in Social Sciences . Cambridge: MIT Press. Gerges, Fawaz A. 2009. The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global , 2 edn. New York: Cambridge University Press. Gerring, John. 2007. Case Study Research, Principle and Practices . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Giddens, Anthony. 1991. Modernity and Self-Identity, Self and Society in the Late Modern Age . Cambridge: Polity Press. Gordon, Michael, and Bernard E. Trainor. 2012. The Endgame: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Iraq, from George W. Bush to Barack Obama . New York and Toronto: Random House. Gray, David E. 2004. Doing Research in a Real World . London, California and New Delhi: Sage Publication. Habeeb, William M. 2012. The Middle East in Turmoil: Confl ict, Revolutions and Change . Santa Barbara: GreenWood. Hansen, Lene. 2006. Security as Practice: Discourse Analyses and Bosnian War . Abingdon and New York: Routledge. Harle, Vilho. 2000. The Enemy with a Thousand Faces: The Tradition of the Other in Western Political Thought and History . Westport: Praeger. Hegghammer, Thomas, and Stephane Lacroix. 2011. The Meccan Rebellion: The Story of Juhayman al-‘Utaybi Revisited . London: Amal Press. Hegghammer, Thomas. 2010. Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism Since 1979 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hollander, Paul. 2003. Anti-Americanism: Rational and Irrational . New Brunswick: Transaction Publications. Hough, Peter. 2008. Understanding Security . Abingdon and New York: Routlege. Israeli, Raphael. 2004. The Iraq War: The Regional Impact on Shiʼites Kurds, Sunnis and Arabs . Oregon and Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. Jeb, Cindy R. 2004. Bridging the Gap: Ethnicity, Legitimacy and State Alignment in the International System . Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. Katzman, Kenneth. 2004. The Persian Gulf States: 2004 Post-War Issues . Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publisher. 194 BIBLIOGRAPHY Klare, Michael T., and Daniel C. Thomas. 1994. World Security: Challenges for a New Century . New York: St. Martin Press. Kostiner, Joseh. 1993. The Making of Saudi Arabia 1916–1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kristeva, Julia. 1991. Strangers to Ourselves . New York: Colombia University Press. Kvale, Steinar, and Svend Brinkmann. 2009. Interviews, Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing , 2 edn. California, London, New Delhi and Singapore: Sage Publication. Lake, David A., and Patrick Morgan. 1997. Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World . University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. Lebow, Richard N. 2010. Forbidden Fruit: Counterfactual and International Relations . Princeton and Woodstock: Princeton University Press. Legrenzi, Matteo. 2011. The GCC and the International Relations of the Gulf . London and New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. Lippman, Thomas. 2012. Saudi Arabia on the Edge: The Uncertain
Recommended publications
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
    United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO 2016 Cover The recent large-scale, systematic destruction and looting of cultural heritage has been the dominant theme at UNESCO throughout 2016. One of the Organization’s responses to these attacks on cultural heritage and cultural pluralism is the #Unite4Heritage campaign, a global movement that calls on everyone to harvest the power of culture to bring people together and to celebrate the places, objects and cultural traditions that make the world such a rich and vibrant place. This image produced for the campaign combines past and present, with the head of Buddha Shakyamuni and the face of an Erbore tribe warrior from Ethiopia. © Public Domain LACMA - Los Angeles County Museum of Art/Rod Waddington Published in 2017 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France © UNESCO 2017 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). The present license applies exclusively to the text content of this publication and to images whose copyright belongs to UNESCO. By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Changing Geopolitical Dynamics of the Middle East and Their Impact on Israeli-Palestinian Peace Efforts
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Honors Theses Lee Honors College 4-25-2018 The Changing Geopolitical Dynamics of the Middle East and their Impact on Israeli-Palestinian Peace Efforts Daniel Bucksbaum Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses Part of the Comparative Politics Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Other Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Bucksbaum, Daniel, "The Changing Geopolitical Dynamics of the Middle East and their Impact on Israeli- Palestinian Peace Efforts" (2018). Honors Theses. 3009. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses/3009 This Honors Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Lee Honors College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Changing Geopolitical Dynamics of the Middle East and their Impact on Israeli- Palestinian Peace Efforts By Daniel Bucksbaum A thesis submitted to the Lee Honors College Western Michigan University April 2018 Thesis Committee: Jim Butterfield, Ph.D., Chair Yuan-Kang Wang, Ph.D. Mustafa Mughazy, Ph.D. Bucksbaum 1 Table of Contents I. Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 II. Source Material……………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 III. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 IV. Historical Context for the Two-State Solution………………………………………………………...6 a. Deeply Rooted and Ideological Claims to the Land……………………………………………….…..7 b. Legacy of the Oslo Accords……………………………………………………………………………………….9 c. Israeli Narrative: Why the Two-State Solution is Unfeasible……………………………………19 d. Palestinian Narrative: Why the Two-State Solution has become unattainable………..22 e. Drop in Support for the Two-State Solution; Negotiations entirely…………………………27 f.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 DG Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity
    CI-18/COUNCIL-31/6/REV 2 2018 DG Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity INTRODUCTION This report is submitted to the Intergovernmental Council of the International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) in line with the Decision on the Safety of Journalists and the issue of Impunity adopted by the Council at its 26th session on 27 March 2008, and renewed at subsequent sessions in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. In its latest Decision, adopted in November 2016, the IPDC Council urged Member States to “continue to inform the Director-General of UNESCO, on a voluntary basis, on the status of the judicial inquiries conducted on each of the killings condemned by the Director-General”. The present report provides an analysis of the cases of killings of journalists and associated media personnel that were condemned by the Director-General in 2016 and 2017. It also takes stock of the status of judicial enquiries conducted on each of the killings recorded by UNESCO between 2006 and 2017, based on information provided by Member States. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 2 2. Background and Context 2 3. Journalists’ killings in 2016 and 2017: key findings 7 3.1 Most dangerous regions 8 3.2 Rise in number of women journalists among fatalities 9 3.3 Highest number of killings among TV journalists 11 3.4 Majority of victims are local journalists 11 3.5 Freelance and staff journalists 12 3.6 More killings occurring in countries with no armed conflict 12 4. Member States’ responses: status of the judicial enquiries on cases of journalists killed from 2006 to end 2017 13 4.1 Decrease in Member State response rate to Director-General’s request 18 4.2 Slight reduction in impunity rate, but 89% of cases remain unresolved 19 4.3 Member States reporting on measures to promote safety of journalists and to combat impunity 22 5.
    [Show full text]
  • A. Introduction the United Nations Population Fund-UNFPA
    A. Introduction The United Nations Population Fund-UNFPA is an international development agency that works on population and development, sexual and reproductive health, and gender. In the area of ageing populations, UNFPA supports public policy and promotes policy dialogue to respond to the challenges posed by the social, health, and economic consequences of ageing populations – and to meet the needs of older persons, with particular emphasis on the poor, especially women. The Academy1 was created to promote practical approaches to human rights and humanitarian law as well as to strengthen links between human rights organizations, practitioners, and educators worldwide. The Academy’s programs, partnerships, research and scholarly endeavors were designed and implemented to enhance the culture and prominence of human rights and humanitarian law around the world. The initiatives have included, inter alia, empowering training for scholars, practitioners, and students interested in the international human rights systems and laws, in particular via the Program of Advanced Studies on Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. The Academy developed a number of research and scholarly projects to address the human rights concerns and challenges of vulnerable groups and the victims of human rights violations. The objective of this joint contribution is to provide input for the report by the UN Secretary General on the implementation of Resolution 65/182 on the situation of the rights of older persons in all regions. The content of the contribution provides for summarized findings on legislation, policies and programmes issued by states to protect, promote and fulfil the rights of older persons at national levels in five regions: Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Arab countries, Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Selected Online News Portals' Advertising Rates in The
    An Analysis of Selected Online News Portals’ Advertising Rates in the Arab World 2015 Arab Advisors Group Media Strategic Research Service March 2015 Analyst: Hind Qweider This report has been delivered to Client as part of the subscription to the Arab Advisors Group Media Strategic Research Service to be used exclusively by its employees © Arab Advisors Group, licensed to Arab Advisors Group An Analysis of Selected Online Portals’ Advertising Rates in the Arab World 2015 ` Copyright notice: Copyright 2015 by Arab Advisors Group. All rights reserved. No material contained in this report may be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any unauthorized use, disclosure, copying, selling, distribution or in any way transfer of any direct or indirect information from this report which is the property of Arab Advisors Group, removing, erasing or hiding from view any copyright, trademark, confidentiality notice, mark or legend appearing on Arab Advisors Group products or any form of output is strictly prohibited, and will be under legal responsibility. The information contained in this report has been obtained from sources we believe to be reliable, but neither its completeness nor accuracy can be guaranteed. Opinions expressed are based on our interpretation of the available information, and are subject to change. Feedback: Our clients’ satisfaction is of our utmost concern. We welcome all feedback regarding our research and products. Please send us your notes on this report, what you found useful in it and future research directions that would help you in your business. Send feedback emails to: [email protected] © 2015 Arab Advisors Group © Arab Advisors Group, licensedReproduction to Arab Prohibited Advisors Group An Analysis of Selected Online Portals’ Advertising Rates in the Arab World 2015 ` Table of Contents Section I: Introduction ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Notes March 2021
    THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY MARCH 2021 POLICY NOTES NO. 100 In the Service of Ideology: Iran’s Religious and Socioeconomic Activities in Syria Oula A. Alrifai “Syria is the 35th province and a strategic province for Iran...If the enemy attacks and aims to capture both Syria and Khuzestan our priority would be Syria. Because if we hold on to Syria, we would be able to retake Khuzestan; yet if Syria were lost, we would not be able to keep even Tehran.” — Mehdi Taeb, commander, Basij Resistance Force, 2013* Taeb, 2013 ran’s policy toward Syria is aimed at providing strategic depth for the Pictured are the Sayyeda Tehran regime. Since its inception in 1979, the regime has coopted local Zainab shrine in Damascus, Syrian Shia religious infrastructure while also building its own. Through youth scouts, and a pro-Iran I proxy actors from Lebanon and Iraq based mainly around the shrine of gathering, at which the banner Sayyeda Zainab on the outskirts of Damascus, the Iranian regime has reads, “Sayyed Commander Khamenei: You are the leader of the Arab world.” *Quoted in Ashfon Ostovar, Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran’s Revolutionary Guards (2016). Khuzestan, in southwestern Iran, is the site of a decades-long separatist movement. OULA A. ALRIFAI IRAN’S RELIGIOUS AND SOCIOECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN SYRIA consolidated control over levers in various localities. against fellow Baathists in Damascus on November Beyond religious proselytization, these networks 13, 1970. At the time, Iran’s Shia clerics were in exile have provided education, healthcare, and social as Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was still in control services, among other things.
    [Show full text]
  • GCC Summit in Doubt As Gulf Crisis Continues
    October 22, 2017 9 News & Analysis Gulf GCC summit in doubt as Gulf crisis continues The Arab Weekly staff London uwait Emir Sheikh Sa- bah Ahmad al-Jaber al- Sabah’s recent visit to Saudi Arabia was an ef- fort to persuade King KSalman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud to attend meetings in Kuwait to save the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) from collapsing because of the crisis with Qatar, Gulf sources said. They said the Saudi position was clear that a summit couldn’t be convened given the current situa- tion. The kingdom, along with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt, severed ties with Qatar on June 5 over what they described as Doha’s interference in their coun- tries’ internal affairs and its sup- port for radical groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, designated as a terrorist organisation in all four countries. Kuwait, along with fellow GCC member Oman, has been neutral during the dispute and has been a mediator in the crisis but with little apparent success. The sources added that Riyadh doesn’t believe the GCC will col- lapse if the summit is postponed until the matter is resolved in Qa- tar, either through its acceptance of demands issued by the Arab quartet or a leadership change. Sheikh Sabah and King Salman discussed “regional developments and a number of issues of com- mon concern” during the October 16 meeting, Saudi Arabia’s official Common concerns. Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (R) welcomes Kuwaiti Emir Sheikh Sabah Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah in news agency, SPA, reported.
    [Show full text]
  • North Afr I CA M Iddle East
    / NorTh AFrica/ Middle eAsT observatory for the protection of human rights defenders annual report 2009 …439 / regIoNAl ANALYSIs NorTh AFrICA / mIDDLE eAsT observatory for the protection of human rights defenders annual report 2009 The entry into force in March 2008 of the Arab Charter on Human Rights, binding the States of North Africa and the Middle East that ratified it, contrasts with the persistent human rights violations and the many obstacles to the defence of human rights noted in this region in 2008. This text, in spite of some weak points, includes provisions that may help to advance the recognition of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the region and in addition provides for the creation of an Arab Human Rights Committee responsible for monitoring applica- tion of the Charter and whose work was due to begin in the first half of 2009. Nonetheless, apart from the fact that, at the end of 2008, only 27 of the Member States of the League of Arab States had ratified 1 the Arab Charter on Human Rights , several provisions remain not consistent with international human rights standards and instruments. As an example, the Charter stipulates that national legislation may take precedence over the provisions of the text, notably for security reasons. This provision, which calls into question the principle of the legal superiority of international and regional instruments over national legislation, risks restricting implementation of the Charter, especially in countries where massive human rights violations under the pretext of national security are witnessed. Human rights defenders were not spared in the persistent and resur- gent internal conflicts in certain countries of the region: they were subjected to assassinations (Iraq), arbitrary detentions (Yemen) and obstacles to their freedom of movement (Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories) throughout the year in these countries.
    [Show full text]
  • BBG 2016 Annual Report
    2016 Annual Report The Broadcasting Board of Governors is the independent federal government agency that oversees all U.S. civilian international media. BBG is also the name of the board that governs the agency. The five networks of the BBG are trusted news sources, providing high-quality journalism and programming to more than 278 million people each week. BBG networks are news leaders, covering stories left untold in environments that lack press freedom and fostering civil dialogue in places overwhelmed with disinformation. They are leading channels for information about the United States as well as independent platforms for freedom of expression and a free press. Table of Contents 2016: A Year of Impact and Transformation Letter from the CEO ...........................................................................3 Mission ............................................................................................4 A Shared Vision .................................................................................6 Leadership Guides Strategy and Organizational Changes .......................8 Year in Review ................................................................................. 10 Getting Results................................................................................ 14 A Challenging World Press & Internet Freedom Under Attack ............................................. 16 Threats to BBG Journalists ................................................................ 18 Strategic Priorities Strategic Priorities Overview.............................................................22
    [Show full text]
  • For a Safer Tomorrow Protecting Civilians in a Multipolar World Oxfam Ireland, Món Oxfam (Spain), Tional 2008 Na Ong, Inter Acterises Modern Warfare
    For a Safer Tomorrow For a Safer Tomorrow Protecting civilians in a multipolar world Since the end of the Cold War, the number of armed conflicts in the world has fallen. But is this trend now about to be reversed? Climate change, poverty and inequality, and the wider availability of weapons all add to the risk of conflicts increasing. In 1949, the Geneva Conventions enshrined people’s rights to be protected from atrocities in conflict. Yet civilians are still killed, raped, and forced to flee their homes, 60 years on. In 2005, almost every government in the world agreed its Responsibility to Protect civilians. Many have failed to keep this promise. Governments must now make new efforts to take up the challenge in a rapidly changing ‘multipolar’ world, where China and the USA will be the ‘superpowers’, and Protecting civilians in a m where India, the European Union, Brazil, and others are gaining new global influence. Many people feel that there is little that can be done to prevent the brutal targeting of civilians that characterises modern warfare. They are wrong. This report, based on Oxfam International’s experience in most of the world’s conflicts, sets out an ambitious agenda to protect civilians through combining local, national, and regional action with far more consistent international support. ultipolar wor For ld a Safer Eric Canalstein/UN Photo Tomorrow www.oxfam.org © Oxfam International 2008 Protecting civilians Oxfam International is a confederation of 13 organisations working together in more than 100 countries to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice: Oxfam America, Oxfam Australia, Oxfam-in-Belgium, in a multipolar world Oxfam Canada, Oxfam France - Agir ici, Oxfam Germany, Oxfam GB, Oxfam Hong Kong, Intermón Oxfam (Spain), Oxfam Ireland, Oxfam New Zealand, Oxfam Novib (Netherlands), and Oxfam Québec.
    [Show full text]
  • BLACK HISTORY MONTH Beyond a Month
    BLACK HISTORY MONTH Beyond a month PROGRAMME 2017 Welcome from Professor Anne-Marie Kilday Pro Vice-Chancellor (Staff Experience), Chair of Brookes Race Equality Action Group and Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences I am delighted that Oxford Brookes is taking an active part in marking Black History Month this year, and invite all members of Oxford Brookes and the wider local community to join us. We aim to raise awareness across the university and beyond of the past, present and future contribution of Black communities to our social, economic, political, cultural and intellectual life in the UK. Brookes’ programme for Black History Month goes “Beyond a Month…” to link with our wider race equality agenda, connect with the development of our Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) Staff Network, and give increased positive profile and visibility to the experience of our BME staff and students. Black History Month especially promotes knowledge and awareness across all communities of the experience and contribution of Black people of African and African Caribbean heritage to British and global society. Join us as we look back at the history as well as looking forward to the future in creating a society that works for all. This guide lists events which will be happening here at Oxford Brookes University and across the city, and includes a range of information and links to other resources. We hope you find this useful and welcome future contributions and ideas for developing our work for Black History Month: Beyond a Month… #BlackHistoryMonth
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict in Yemen Subject Specialist: Ben Smith
    DEBATE PACK Number CDP - 2016/0032 | 1 February 2016 Tim Robinson Conflict in Yemen Subject specialist: Ben Smith Contents Backbench Business Committee Debate 1. Summary 2 Chamber 2. Press Articles 3 4 February 2016 3. Gov.uk 5 Initiated by Kirsten Oswald, Flick Drummond, Keith Vaz, Edward Argar and Steven Paterson 4. PQs 7 5. Debates 28 6. Early Day Motions 32 7. Petition 35 8. Further reading 37 Map courtesy of University of Texas The proceeding of this debate may be viewed on parliamentlive.tv The House of Commons Library prepares a briefing in hard copy and/or online for most non-legislative debates in the Chamber and Westminster Hall other than half-hour debates. Debate Packs are produced quickly after the announcement of parliamentary business. They are intended to provide a summary or overview of the issue being debated and identify relevant briefings and useful documents, including press and parliamentary material. More detailed briefing can be prepared for Members on request to the Library. www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 Number CDP - 2016/0032, 1 February 2016 1. Summary President Ali Abdallah Saleh had been in power since 1978, an experience that he famously likened to “dancing on the heads of snakes.” As the position of Saleh became increasingly precarious, Saudi Arabia was one of the leaders in brokering a deal for a transition. The deal, backed by the UN, involved a transfer of power to Saleh’s deputy, Abd- Rabbu Mansour Hadi, which finally took place in November 2011 after months of deadly clashes between protesters and the security forces.
    [Show full text]