DOCSLIB.ORG

Download File

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download File UNICEF news Issue 12.11 /OSA The articles in Ihis issue have been written by John Balcomb. based on the forthcoming hook on Uniceft history, 71if Chililrt-n and the Nation*.. by Maggie Black. Editor Maggie Black Contributing Editor John Balcnmb Designer Jtami Atjittuiro Production Supervisi>r Peter Dm-itl Production Manager Dee Fconi-Kelcev Production Assistant Susan Kaxxirer Photo Researcher Lily Siitmaxen Mtuireaux Cover drawing Asia, age 12 (Poland} from Tree of Life, Rtitltlti Banien. Sweden Anick's appearing in Unicef Neuy may be reproduced elsewhere provided thai credit is given ti> UnicefNtm, Articles do not necessarily relleci the views of the United Nations Children's Fund. UracefNfWS is published by Unieefs Division of Communication and Information. To receive the magazine, please write tor details lo your nearesl Unicef National Committee or Field Office (see back cover fur addresses). Copies of Unicef photos can be obtained from Llnicefs Photo and Design Unit in New York. United Nations Children's Fund New York, N.Y. 10017 Table of Contents Unicef at 40 I Introduction There is a phrase in English which has no equivalent in any other Unicefat 40 language. It is: "to be kind". by V. Tarzie Vittachi This phrase captures the spirit which has pervaded Unicef through 40 years, both in its feelings towards the children of the world, and in the 3 Chapter one: 1946 personalities of many of the men and women who have served it. This A glass of milk for six million children in Europe issue of Unicef News is about the sum of their achievements. 6 Inset "To be kind" means : "to treat like kin". This is the basic tenet on which Out of the rubble: Poland all great religions were founded, most clearly exemplified by the Buddha's Compassion and the Christ's Love. 7 Chapter two: 1950 "To be kind" is what we admire in the nature of many of the sacral per- A fight in the General Assembly sonalities of history - Sanghamitta, the woman who followed Gautama on 10 Inset On both sides: Unicef the Eightfold Path of tolerance, Saint Francis of Assisi who treated birds in China 1948-49 and beasts as kin; Tolstoy who shared the fruit of his broadacres with his family's serfs; Gandhi who read excerpts from the Koran at his Hindu 11 Chapter three: 1956 prayer meetings. The onslaught against disease "To be kind" is Eglantyne Jebb of England, who said that she had no 14 Inset enemies below the age of 11; Simone Weil of France who said, simply, that Unicef and the dairies there is no reason to share a meal with a hungry man or woman or child 16 Chapter four: 1961 except thai we are human; Martin Luther King who dreamed of one Hie whole child America, black and white; Mother Teresa, who has devoted her life to 18 Insei caring for the destitute and dying. The population factor In our heart of hearts, all of us - politicians, businessmen, trade unionists, physicians, teachers, journalists, novelists, diplomats, 20 Chapter five: 1965 bureaucrats - acknowledge our debt to those lights of humanity. .4 helping hand 24 Inset We all know that it is our duty to protect the weak from the terrible Emergencies: helping on both sides pollution of poverty and that children are the most vulnerable of beings. Children, therefore, need to be in the forefront of our human 26 Chapter six: 1970 concerns, first on our public and private agendas. Water: the spring of life For 40 years, Unicef and its partners everywhere have tried to place 28 Insei them there. But in spite of all the protestations, children are not yet where Education beyond the classroom they should be. Leaders declaim in public that "children are our most 30 Chapter seven: 1975 precious resource"; but they do nothing to put the interests of children at The search for alternatives the top of their budgets. Sadly, in many countries, health, food, education, 32 Inset the things children need, are last, not first, on the list of priorities. Food and nutrition: the most basic At Unicef, we and our many partners in governments, the UN family, need of ah" Unicef National Committees, non-governmental organizations, and men and women of goodwill everywhere, must redouble our efforts. After 40 35 Chapter eight: 1979 The Year of the Child years, the child still has something to ask of us. 36 Inset In the 15 years remaining in this century, can we bring that inner aware- The Kampuchea crisis ness of the truth - that the care of children is the world's primary duty to humanity - to the surface of attention? Can we break the habit of neglect 39 Chapter nine: 1985 and put in its place an ethos of caring? Towards a child survival revolution Can we really be "kind"? 40 Inset Shots of a peaceful kind V. Tarzie Vittachi 42 Inset A future for Africa's children? Deputy Executive Director for External Relations Unicef News ICEF 355 UnicefNews V Chapter One: 1946 to the eastern countries, where the devasta- tion had been greatest. Will Clayton, the us delegate, told other members of the UNRRA Council in August that "the gravy train has gone around for the last time". UNRRA was A glass of milk to wind up its operations by the end of 1946. International relief under "impartial" UN auspices, it seemed, was one of the first vic- tims of the Cold War. Infuture, us Marshall for six million children Plan aid would be the principal motor of reconstruction in western and southern Europe. in Europe There were those, however, who felt that, at least forchlldren, international relief must go on. One of the powerful figures who spoke out for children was former us Presi- In the aftermath of World War //, dent Herbert Hoover, who had acquired an Unicefcame into being to feed the children. international reputation in World War I as administrator of humanitarian relief to the people of Belgium. After World War II. when famine threatened parts of Europe, ICEF 2B08 President Truman asked Hoover to under- the child - burns, starvation, loss of par- take a survey mission throughout the world ents, vulnerability to any and every disease. and advise him on relief needs. Hoover, then Among the children in bombed-out cities all 73 years old, returned in mid-1946. calling over Europe were those who would some for an all-out campaign against famine, with day be (heir countries'leaders. If the world the needs of children getting top consid- ignored their plight and only toughness eration. "From the Russian frontier to the and cunning counted toward their survival, Channel." he warned the world, "there are leaders would one day arise from their ranks today 20 millions of children not only badly who would commit the crimes against hu- undernourished but steadily developing manity for which millions had recently died. tuberculosis, rickets, anaemia, and other "Seeds of Destiny" was produced to gain diseases of subnormal feeding. If Europe is support for UNRRA, the United Nations to have a future, something must be done Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. about these children." UNRRA had been established in 1943, two years before the birth of the United Nations The "fathers" of Unicef itself, when the term "united nations" was still used to describe the allies fighting the Herbert Hoover has been described as the Axis powers. As the allied armies re-con- father of Unicef. but while he helped cre- quered Europe in 1944 and 1945, UNRRA ate a climate of support fora UN children's found itself engaged in the largest and most fund and actively promoted it among his complex relief effort ever mounted. At the friends in Washington and diplomatic cir- height of its operations UNRRA employed cles, a very different figure tirelessly pur- 25,000 people. From 1944 to 1946 it dis- sued the idea at the United Nations and bursed $4.5 billion in aid, mostly provided effectively lobbied for its adoption, This Children benefited from milk and food by the United States. Before Europe's har- was Ludwik Rajchman. Poland's delegate supplements received in their countries. vests recovered. UNRRA supplies of fats to UNRRA and former head of the League of and cereals kept millions of people alive. Nations' Health Section. Seeds, fertilizers and agricultural machin- While with the League, Rajchman gained ery arrived to restore food production. Raw a reputation as one of the world's leading Late in 1945 David Miller, a young film- materials and tools helped local industries public health specialists, and during the maker serving in the us Army Signal Corps, revive. 1930s he served for some lime as head of a shot a film in the devastated cities of By 1946, however, it became clear that League of Nations medical team in China. Europe called "Seeds of Destiny". UNRRA could not survive the widening rift When in 1946 the principal contributor to "Seeds of Destiny", which was to win an between the wartime allies. While most UNRRA, the us, took a firm stand against Academy Award, had a clear political mes- UNRRA aid was coming from the USA, most UNRRA'S continuation, Rajchman proposed sage. Modern warfare inflicts atrocities on of it within Europe by that time was going that an effort for children alone, consisting Unicef News UNICEF 1394/60 UPUBETTMANN NEWSPHOTOS An inspired choice The choice of Pate to head Unicef was to prove inspired, not only because of his dis- tinguished record in humanitarian relief, but because as a life-long Republican and pro- tege of Hoover, he could enlist the support of conservatives as well as liberals in the United States.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Officers of the Executive Board, 1946-2006
    Officers of the Executive Board, 1946-2006 2006 H.E. Mr. Andrei Dapkiunas Belarus President H.E. .Mr. Roble Olhaye Djibouti Vice-Presidents H.E. Mr. Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury Bangladesh H.E. Mr. Ernesto Araníbar Quiroga Bolivia Mr. Dirk-Jan Nieuwenhuis Netherlands 2005 H.E. Mr. Mehdi Danesh-Yazdi Islamic Republic of Iran President H.E. Mr. Paul Badji Senegal Vice-Presidents Mr. Uladzimir A. Gerus Belarus Ms. Romy Tincopa Peru Ms. Unni Rambøll Norway 2004 President H.E. Mr. Lebohang K. Moleko Lesotho Vice-Presidents Mr. Mehdi Mirafzal Islamic Republic of Iran H.E. Mr. Vsevolod Grigore Republic of Moldova H.E.Mr. Eduardo J. Sevilla Somoza Nicaragua Ms. Diana Rivington Canada 2003 President H.E. Mr. Jenö Staehelin Switzerland Vice-Presidents H.E. Mr. Luis Gallegos Chiriboga Ecuador H.E.Mr. Roman Kirn Slovenia Mr. Salman Al-Farisi Indonesia H.E. Mr. Lebohang K. Moleko Lesotho 2002 President H.E. Mr. Andrés Franco Colombia Vice-Presidents Mr. Olivier Chave Switzerland H.E. Mr. Crispin Grey-Johnson Gambia H.E. Mr. Murari Raj Sharma Nepal Mr. Marius Ion Dragolea Romania 2001 President H.E. Mr. Movses Abelian Armenia Vice-Presidents H.E. Mr. Alounkèo Kittikhoun Lao People's Democratic Republic H.E. Mr. Andrés Franco Colombia Mr. Paul Goa Zoumanigui Guinea Ms. Jacqueline de Lacy Australia 2000 President H.E. Mr. Anwarul Karim Chowdhury Bangladesh Vice-Presidents Ms. Lala Ibrahimova Azerbaijan H.E. Mr. Alberto Salamanca Bolivia Mr. Luc Shillings Netherlands H.E. Mr. Mubarak Hussein Rahmtalla Sudan 1999 President H.E. Prof. Ibrahim A. Gambari Nigeria Vice-Presidents H.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Cr-Pr-Bio-Pate-1970
    CF Item = Barcode Top - Note at Bottom = Page 1 : CF_ltem_One_BC5-Top-Sign Date 31-Mar-20I04I Time 12:43:43 P3 Ml Login uyoung CF/RAI/USAA/DB01/HS/2004-00128 Full Item Register Number [auto] CF/RAI/USAA/DB01 /HS/2004-00128 ExRef: Document Series/Year/Number Record Item Title UNICEF Press Release No. 70/73, Biographical Note for information media, not an official record Maurice Pate: Executive Director, UNICEF 1946-1965 Date Created /on Item Date Registered Date Closed/Superceeded 31-Mar-2004 31-Mar-2004 Primary Contact Owner Location Record & Archive Manage Related Functions=80669443 Home Location History Related Records =60909132 Current Location Record & Archive Manage Related Functions=80669443 Fd1: Type: IN, OUT, INTERNAL? Fd2: Lang ?Sender Refer Cross Re/ F3: Format Container Record Container Record (Title) N1: Numb of pages N2: Doc Year A/3: Doc Number 0 0 0 Full GCG Code Plan Number Da 1 .-Date Published Da2:Date Received Date3 Priority If Doc Series?: Record Type A02 Hist Corr Item DOS File Name Electronic Details No Document Alt Bar code = RAMP-TRIM Record Numb: CF/RAI/USAA/DB01/HS/2004-00128 Notes Print Name of Person Submit Images Signature of Person Submit Number of images without cover c/^ i i ^7r v | 1 "^ i * i l-^e-'iJL^u. -T—*- ^ fj End of Report ][|JNICEF DB Name CFRAMP01 ] (For use of information media - Not an official record) PRESS RELEASE, No. 70/37 • " 30 April 1971 Biographical Note Maurice Pate ^ Executive Director, UNICEF. 1946 - 196? * • Maurice Pate was born on 14 October 1894 in Ponder, Nebraska and.
    [Show full text]
  • 1391St Meeting ECONOMIC and SOCIAL COUNCIL Monday, 26 July 1965 Thirty-Ninth Session At' 3.20 P.M
    UNITED NATIONS 1391st meeting ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL Monday, 26 July 1965 Thirty-ninth session at' 3.20 p.m. OFFICIAL RECORDS PALAIS DES NATIONS, GENEVA CONTENTS 2. Mr. BOUATTOURA (Algeria) aaid that, after con.. Page sultation with other delegations, the sponsors wished Agenda item 24: to :make two amendments to the draft. The third pre­ Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations ambular paragraph should be altered to read " Noting Institute for Training aud Research (concluded) • • • • 209 with interest the progress made so far in establishing Agenda item 30: the Institute ", and in operative paragraph 4, the words Report of the Executive Board of the United Nations Child- " to provide the Economic and Social Council at the ren's Fund . • . • • , . • • • . • 209 resumed thirty-ninth session with any additional informa­ Agenda item 25: tion and " should be inserted after " Secretary-General ". Report of the Commission on Human Rights 3. Mr. MORA BOWEN (Ecuador) said that, in order Report of the Social Committee . • • • . • 216 to make it clear which governments were referred to in Joint draft resolution . • . • . • . • . • • • . 216 operative paragraph 3, the opening words of the paragraph should be amended to read " Renews its appeal to the Governments of State.s Members of the United Nations, President: Mr. A. MATSUI (Japan) of the specialized agencies and of the International Atomic Energy Agency and to private institutions ..• ". That Present: amendment was acceptable to all the sponsors. Representatives of the following
    [Show full text]
  • American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917 Thomas D
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 7-21-2014 Rough and Ready Relief: American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917 Thomas D. Westerman University of Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Westerman, Thomas D., "Rough and Ready Relief: American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 466. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/466 Rough and Ready Relief: American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917 Thomas David Westerman, Ph.D. University of Connecticut, 2014 This dissertation examines a group of American men who adopted and adapted notions of American power for humanitarian ends in German-occupied Belgium with the Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB) during World War I. The CRB, led by Herbert Hoover, controlled the importation of relief goods and provided supervision of the Belgian-led relief distribution. The young, college-educated American men who volunteered for this relief work between 1914 and 1917 constructed an effective and efficient humanitarian space for themselves by drawing not only on the power of their neutral American citizenship, but on their collectively understood American-ness as able, active, yet responsible young men serving abroad, thereby developing an alternative tool—the use of humanitarian aid—for the use and projection of American power in the early twentieth century. Drawing on their letters, diaries, recollections as well as their official reports on their work and the situation in Belgium, this dissertation argues that the early twentieth century formation of what we today understand to be non-state, international humanitarianism was partially established by Americans exercising explicit and implicit national power during the years of American neutrality in World War I.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Board of the United Nations Children's Fund
    E/2006/34/Rev.1-E/ICEF/2006/5/Rev.1 United Nations Executive Board of the United Nations Children’s Fund Report on the first, second and annual sessions of 2006 Economic and Social Council Official Records, 2006 Supplement No. 14 Economic and Social Council Official Records, 2006 Supplement No. 14 Executive Board of the United Nations Children’s Fund Report on the first, second and annual sessions of 2006 United Nations • New York, 2006 E/2006/34/Rev.1 E/ICEF/2006/5/Rev.1 Note Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. ISSN 0252-3507 Contents Paragraphs Page Part one First regular session of 2006 1 I. Organization of the session 1 – 7 2 A. Election of officers 1 2 B. Opening statements 2 – 5 2 C. Adoption of the agenda 6 – 7 3 II. Deliberations of the Executive Board 8 – 129 3 A. Annual report of the Executive Director to the Economic and Social Council 8 – 21 3 B. Approval of revised country programme documents 22 – 25 5 C. Biennial support budget for 2006-2007 26 – 38 6 D. Intercountry programmes 39 – 42 8 E. Report on thematic funding in support of the medium-term strategic plan 43 – 44 8 F. UNICEF health and nutrition strategy 45 – 52 9 G. UNICEF humanitarian response to recent crises: oral report 53 – 78 10 H. UNICEF water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) strategy 79 – 89 13 I. UNICEF education strategy: oral report 90 – 103 14 J. Private Sector Division work plan and proposed budget for 2006 104 – 109 16 K.
    [Show full text]
  • American Relief Administration. European Operations Records, 1919-1923
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9779p02m No online items Register of the American Relief Administration. European Operations Records, 1919-1923 Processed by Hoover Institution Archives Staff; machine-readable finding aid created by Michael C. Conkin Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] © 1998 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Register of the American Relief 23001 1 Administration. European Operations Records, 1919-1923 Register of the American Relief Administration. European Operations Records, 1919-1923 Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Contact Information Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] Processed by: Hoover Institution Archives Staff Date Completed: 1998 Encoded by: Michael C. Conkin © 1998 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: American Relief Administration. European Operations Records, Date (inclusive): 1919-1923 Collection number: 23001 Creator: American Relief Administration. European Operations Physical Description: 849 manuscript boxes, 17 oversize boxes, 7 oversize folders(347 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution Archives Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, reports, appeals, financial records, lists, and press summaries, relating to American relief in Europe following World War I, and food and public health problems, economic conditions, and political and social developments, in Europe. American Relief Administration will be abbreviated throughout description as "ARA" Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Language: English. Access Microfilm use only. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Alternative Form Available Also available on microfilm (980 reels).
    [Show full text]
  • Officers of the UNICEF Executive Board, 1946–2020
    Officers of the UNICEF Executive Board, 1946–2020 Since 1994, the work of the UNICEF Executive Board has been coordinated by the Bureau, comprising the President and four Vice-Presidents, who represent the five regional groups. From 1946 to 1993, the officers of the Executive Board formed a Governing Council that included the Chairman and four Vice-Chairmen.1 BUREAU (SINCE 1994) 2020 H. E. Ms. Rabab Fatima Bangladesh President H.E. Mr. Omar Hilale Morocco Vice-Presidents H.E. Ms. Audra Plepytė Lithuania H.E. Mr. João Genésio de Almeida Filho Brazil Mr. Dominique Michel Favre/Ms. Christine Monique Schneeberger2 Switzerland 2019 H.E. Mr. Omar Hilale3 Morocco President H.E. Mr. Masud Bin Momen Bangladesh Vice-Presidents H.E. Mrs. Marie Chatardová Czechia Mr. Omar Castañeda Solares4 . Guatemala H.E. Ms. Louise Blais Canada 2018 President H.E. Mr. Tore Hattrem Norway Vice-Presidents H.E. Mr. Rubén Armando Escalante Hasbún El Salvador H.E. Mr. Tekeda Alemu / H.E. Taye Atske Sellassie Amde5 Ethiopia H.E. Mr. Durga Prasad Bhattarai / Mr. Nirmal Raj Kafle6 Nepal H.E. Mr. Miloš Vukašinović / Ms. Šejla Đurbuzović7 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2017 President H.E. Mr. Walton Alfonso Webson Antigua and Barbuda Vice-Presidents H.E. Mr. Abdallah Y. Al-Mouallimi Saudi Arabia H.E. Mr. Yemdaogo Eric Tiare Burkina Faso H.E. Ms. May-Elin Stener Norway Ms. Irina Velichko Belarus 2016 President H.E. Mr. Sven Jürgenson Estonia Vice-Presidents H.E. Mr. Durga Prasad Bhattarai Nepal H.E. Mr. Walton Alfonso Webson Antigua and Barbuda H.E. Mr. Elmahdi S.
    [Show full text]
  • Morris Dissertation
    MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Jennifer M. Morris Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy ______________________________ Judith P. Zinsser, Director ______________________________ Mary Frederickson, Reader _______________________________ David Fahey, Reader _______________________________ Laura Neack, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT THE ORIGINS OF UNICEF, 1946-1953 by Jennifer M. Morris In December, 1946, the United Nations General Assembly voted to approve an International Children’s Emergency Fund that would provide relief assistance to children and their mothers whose lives had been disrupted by World War II in Europe and China. Begun as a temporary operation meant to last only until 1950, the organization, which later became the United Nations Children’s Fund, or UNICEF, went far beyond its original mandate and established programs throughout the world. Because it had become an indispensable provider of basic needs to disadvantaged children and mothers, it lobbied for and received approval from the General Assembly to become a permanent UN agency in 1953. The story of UNICEF’s founding and quest for permanent status reveals much about the postwar world. As a relief organization, it struggled with where, how, and to whom to provide aid. As an international body, it wrestled with the debates that ensued as a result of Cold War politics. Its status as an apolitical philanthropic organization provides a unique perspective from which to forge links between the political, economic and social histories of the postwar period. THE ORIGINS OF UNICEF, 1946-1953 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History by Jennifer M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: Years of Adventure 1874-1920
    THE MEMOIRS OF Herbert Hoover __________________________________ Years of Adventure 1874-1920 THE MACMILLAN COMPANY: NEW YORK 1951 Copyright, 1951, by HERBERT HOOVER All rights reserved—no part of this book may be reproduced in any form without per- mission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in magazine or newspaper. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Fifth Printing, 1951 PREFACE ___________________________________________________________ These memoirs are not a diary but a topical relation of some events and incidents in a roughly chronological order. It has been my habit to keep notes and documents rather than daily entries—for which indeed I have found little time in life. This volume comprises three parts: the first covers the period from my birth in 1874 to the end of my professional career in 1914; the second covers the First World War and the Armistice from mid-1914 to October, 1919; the third, my relations to the making of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. The first part was written at odd times during 1915-1916 when I was occupied with Belgian Relief. At that time I constantly had to journey backwards and forwards from London, crossing the English Channel two score times en route to Holland, Belgium, Germany, and often thence to Switzerland, Paris, and London again. These journeys were filled with hours of waiting. Wartime boats and trains were always late in starting or in arriving. There was also the eternal waiting in hotels for appointments with officials.
    [Show full text]
  • UNICEF Topic B.Pages
    ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.” ! ! THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S EMERGENCY FUND ! ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.” ! ! Committee: The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Topic B: Eradicating Child Labor in Sweatshops Written by: Alejandro Lizárraga Vizcarra and Eugenia Valdez Nuño I. Committee Background The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was established on December 11, 1946, after World War II and has been operating ever since. Its current headquarters are located in New York City, within the official United Nations building. This fund supports children’s rights for their protection and well-being. Initially, the main objective of UNICEF was to provide humanitarian aid such as food or health care to the youngest of the world. However, this service soon evolved and became a full-fledged United Nations committee in 1953. Currently, UNICEF contributes to the elimination of discrimination and poverty within minors. In addition to that, it also provides education, healthcare, and worldwide sanitation. Six of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are directed to children. All of this was put into action by Herbert Hoover, a former United States president, and Maurice Pate, a businessman and humanitarian. They were the founders of this organization in 1946. Even though UNICEF has accomplished many of its objectives to aid the youth of the world, there are still many issues that need to be addressed such as the global provision of education and medical aid in conflict zones. ! ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.” ! ! II.
    [Show full text]
  • Rites of Passage
    Chapter 3 Rites of Passage Pate's efforts during his first few months in his new position yielded dividends from the US Congress, although not on the scale he and Rajchman had originally hoped. He had asked Secretary of State George Marshall for $100 million. On 15 May 1947, Congress agreed to an appropriation of $350 million for relief in Europe; Herbert Hoover himself had appeared before the House Appropriations Committee to plead for a generous share for Unicef. The amount of $40 million was earmarked, of which $15 million could be taken up immediately, and the rest as and when other governments contributed. Unfortunately, few showed any alacrity to do so. Only the Canadians came forward with a donation of $5 million. Pate was undaunted. He thought that there were plenty of other good fund- raising candidates: in Europe, Switzerland, Norway, and Sweden looked hopeful; Australia and New Zealand in the Pacific; and in Latin America, he set his sights on Argentina. Still, Unicef's financial health was hardly robust at the moment when the first cargoes of milk and cod liver oil set off for the Baltic. During Unicef's first few years of operation, financial crisis constantly threatened. To move ahead with an expanding programme of assistance in countries ever further afield required courage and faith. Pate spent his time with one eye looking over his shoulder to see where the next cargo of supplies was coming from, and the other looking forward to see whether the next move might itself generate some bright and hopeful new source of income.
    [Show full text]
  • Maurice Pate Unicef Executive Director,1947-1965
    MAURICE PATE UNICEF EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,1947-1965 UNICEF HISTORY SERIES MONOGRAPH X111 THE AUTHOR John Charnow was Secretary of the UNICEF Executive Board from mid-1947 to hi retirement in mid-1981. During the last twelve years in that post he was also responsible for liaison with non-governmental organizations. Prior to coming to UNICEF, Mr Charnow was an officer in the Division of Labor, Social and Health Affairs, United States Department of State, where, in 1946, he participated in the preparation of the U.S Government’s position on the establishment and mandate of UNICEF. After hi retirement from UNICEF he returned to manage the UNICEF History Project. Copyright United Nations Children’s Fund. July 1989 The opinions expressed in this publication by the author are not necessarily those o UNICEF. CONTENTS l!u& I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. MAURICE PATE: THE PERSON AND HIS EXPERIENCE 5 At the heart of UNICEF: A profile of Maurice Pate 5 Helping children during armed conflict: the Hoover/Pate experience 23 III. MAIN FORCES LEADING TO THE CREATION OF UNICEF IV. UNICEF THE FIRST PHASES 29 Programme aid, 1947-1950 29 Pate’s views on continuation of UNICEF 31 Mass disease control campaigns objectives 32 V. EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF UNICEF 34- Beginnings: the 1950’s 34 Country approach and national planning for the needs of children: first half of 1960’s 38 VI. PROGRAMME FIELD AND EMPHASES 44 Health 44 Maternal and child health 45 Water supply and sanitation ● 49 Nutrition 50 Education 54 Social services 56 Women 58 Population 59 The urban child 60 Training 62 Local Costs 65 Evaluation 66 ,, Emergency relief 67 VII.
    [Show full text]