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The Crossover Effects of Supervisor Work-Family Positive Spillover on Employee Sleep Deficiency: Moderating Effects of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB)

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The Crossover Effects of Supervisor Work-Family Positive Spillover on Employee Sleep Deficiency: Moderating Effects of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB) Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Fall 1-1-2012 The Crossover Effects of Supervisor Work-Family Positive Spillover on Employee Sleep Deficiency: Moderating Effects of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB) Tori Laurelle Crain Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons, Social Psychology Commons, and the Work, Economy and Organizations Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Crain, Tori Laurelle, "The Crossover Effects of Supervisor Work-Family Positive Spillover on Employee Sleep Deficiency: Moderating Effects of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB)" (2012). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 895. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.895 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Crossover Effects of Supervisor Work-Family Positive Spillover on Employee Sleep Deficiency: Moderating Effects of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB) by Tori Laurelle Crain A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology Thesis Committee: Leslie Hammer, Chair Todd Bodner Orfeu Buxton Charlotte Fritz Portland State University 2012 © 2012 Tori Laurelle Crain POSITIVE SPILLOVER AND SLEEP i Abstract The majority of literature on the work-family interface has focused on, and provided evidence of, the conflict associated with engagement in both work and family roles (Eby, Casper, Lockwood, Bordeaux, & Brinley, 2005). Research examining the positive aspects of work and family participation remains limited. The current study investigated how work-family positive spillover is transferred between members of the supervisor- employee dyad and subsequently how this affects employee sleep outcomes. It was hypothesized that work-to-family affective positive spillover experienced by supervisors would crossover to employees and increase their experiences of work-to-family affective positive spillover. In turn, this would allow for better employee sleep. It was also proposed that these relationships would depend on the level of employee perceptions of family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), such that higher levels of FSSB would result in higher levels of employee positive spillover and better employee sleep. As part of a larger study, survey data were collected in a sample of 696 workers supervised by 180 managers in the information technology sector. Contrary to expectations, results indicated that supervisor positive spillover was negatively related to employee positive spillover. Furthermore, FSSB moderated the association between supervisor positive spillover and employee sleep duration, such that the relationship between supervisor positive spillover and employee sleep duration was positive under high levels of FSSB, but negative under low levels of FSSB. Again, this finding was contrary to expectations. Alternative explanations are discussed. POSITIVE SPILLOVER AND SLEEP ii Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge my thesis committee for their guidance, suggestions, and enthusiasm. Each member’s expertise has proved extremely valuable in the development of this manuscript. I am especially grateful to my advisor, Dr. Leslie Hammer, for providing me with continual support and assistance over the course of this project. I would also like to thank my cohort for their helpful feedback. Finally, I would like to acknowledge my roommates, friends, and family members for their encouragement and support. iii Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. ii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ......................................................................................................................v Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 Positive Spillover .....................................................................................................6 Crossover of Positive Spillover .............................................................................29 Hypothesis 1...............................................................................................34 Sleep .......................................................................................................................35 Hypothesis 2a-c ..........................................................................................45 Hypothesis 3a-c ..........................................................................................46 Hypothesis 4a-c ..........................................................................................47 FSSB as a Moderator of Relationship Between Positive Spillover and Sleep ......47 Hypothesis 5a-c ..........................................................................................53 Hypothesis 6...............................................................................................54 Hypothesis 7a-c ..........................................................................................54 Hypothesis 8a-c ..........................................................................................55 Research Question .....................................................................................56 Method ...............................................................................................................................57 Participants and Procedures ...................................................................................57 Measures ................................................................................................................59 Results ................................................................................................................................64 Preliminary Analyses .............................................................................................64 Hypothesis Testing.................................................................................................67 Direct Effects and Mediation .....................................................................68 Moderation .................................................................................................71 Moderated Mediation .................................................................................76 Research Question Analyses ......................................................................76 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................80 Contributions and Limitations ...............................................................................88 Future Research .....................................................................................................89 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................92 Figures................................................................................................................................93 Tables .................................................................................................................................98 References ........................................................................................................................106 Appendix: Survey Items ..................................................................................................147 POSITIVE SPILLOVER AND SLEEP iv List of Tables Table 1: Correlations between Study Variables ................................................................98 Table 2: Hypothesis 1: Multilevel Regression Results for Association Between Supervisor Positive Spillover and Employee Positive Spillover ............................................100 Table 3: Hypothesis 2a-c: Multilevel Regression Results for Association Between Supervisor Positive Spillover and Employee Sleep Outcomes ............................101 Table 4: Hypotheses 3a-c: Multilevel Regression Results for the Association Between Employee Positive Spillover and Employee Sleep Outcomes ..............................102 Table 5: Hypothesis 5a-c: Multilevel Regression Results for Moderating Effects of FSSB between Supervisor Positive Spillover and Employee Sleep Outcomes ..............103 Table 6: Hypothesis 6: Multilevel Regression Results for Moderating Effects of FSSB between Supervisor Positive Spillover and Employee Positive Spillover ............104 Table 7: Hypothesis 7a-c: Multilevel Regression Results for Moderating Effects of FSSB between Employee Positive Spillover and Employee Sleep Outcomes ................105 POSITIVE SPILLOVER AND SLEEP v List of Figures Figure 1: Theoretical Model of Moderated Mediation ......................................................93 Figure 2: Results of Moderated
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