DOCSLIB.ORG

PDF Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PDF Download 80 2018 Microeconometric Analysis ,#Individual and Institutional Determinants of Education and Occupational Choice Natalie Obergruber ifo 80 BEITRÄGE 2018 zur Wirtschaforschung Microeconometric Analysis of Individual and Institutional Determinants of Education and Occupational Choice Natalie Obergruber Herausgeber der Reihe: Clemens Fuest Schrileitung: Chang Woon Nam Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN: 978-3-95942-053-2 Alle Rechte, insbesondere das der Übersetzung in fremde Sprachen, vorbehalten. Ohne ausdrückliche Genehmigung des Verlags ist es auch nicht gestattet, dieses Buch oder Teile daraus auf photomechanischem Wege (Photokopie, Mikrokopie) oder auf andere Art zu vervielfältigen. © ifo Institut, München 2018 Druck: ifo Institut, München ifo Institut im Internet: http://www.cesifo-group.de Preface Natalie Obergruber prepared this study while she was working at the ifo Center for the Eco- nomics of Education. The study was completed in March 2018 and accepted as doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the University of Munich. It consists of four distinct empirical analyses – two on the determinants of education and two on the determinants of occupational choice. For both choices, individual and institutional determinants are investigated. The econo- metric analyses are based on panel data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), historical census data of the Statistical Oice of the German Empire, historical maps and studies from Sering 1897, Verein für Socialpolitik 1883, Grossherzogliches Ministerium des Inneren 1883, Miaskowski 1882-1884, Fick 1895, and Kra 1930 which are combined with modern data from the German Statistical Oice and the BBSR. This study analyses which individual and institutional factors (causally) influence individuals in their educational career and in their choice for an occupation. Chapter 2 explores consequences of parental separation for cognitive skill development of children. In the year before parental separation occurs children are negatively aected in their cognitive skill development. Chapter 3 investigates the con- sequences of an institutional reform in the German school system which awards high track school drop outs with lower track school degrees if they accomplished 9th grade. Aer the reform students are less likely to switch between schools and tracks and surprisingly are more likely to successfully finish the high-track school and enter university. Chapter 4 predicts the choice of math-intensive occupations by school grades. School grades are aected by students’ ability and tastes and may furthermore contain pure signals of achievement (based on rank in class). We find that the strong association between grades and math intensity of occupations is completely explained by individuals’ dierences in tastes. Chapter 5 shows that occupational choice is influenced by the distribution of land, a store of wealth in an agricultural society. We find that areas with more equally distributed land started to industrialize earlier particularly in innovative manufacturing. Keywords: dierence-in-dierences, economic inequality, industrialization, panel data, NEPS JEL-Codes: I21, I24, I28, J12, J13, J24, N13, N33, O33, O47 iii Acknowledgement This thesis developed with comments and help of numerous people. First and foremost, I thank my supervisor Ludger Wößmann for his advice and support during the last four years. I am also grateful to Uwe Sunde for being my second supervisor and to Oliver Falck who joins my dissertation committee and who has always had time to discuss my research projects. Special thanks are attributed to my coauthors for their collaboration, help, advice, and patience (in alphabetical order) Johannes Eigner and Simon Jäger (chapter 5), Marc Piopiunik (chapter 4), and Larissa Zierow (chapter 3). I am especially indebted to Simon Jäger who hosted me for two weeks for collaboration at Harvard University. I am also grateful to my current and former colleagues at the ifo Center for the Economics of Education for inspiring discussions and helpful suggestions: Annika Bergbauer, Franziska Binder, Ulrike Baldi-Cohrs, Francesco Cin- nirella, Bernhard Enzi, Elisabeth Grewenig, Franziska Hampf, Franziska Kugler, Sarah Kersten, Philipp Lergetporer, Sven Resnjanskij, Jens Ruhose, Ruth Maria Schüler, Lisa Simon, and Simon Wiederhold. Particularly, I want to thank Katharina Werner for sharing an oice patiently over years, for discussions, support, and walks. I also received many comments and suggestions from other colleagues and friends at the University of Munich and at conferences and workshops. Unfortunately, not everybody can be mentioned here but special thanks go to Nadine Geiger, Alexandra Heimisch, Guido Heineck, Markus Nagler, Judith Saurer, and Nina Smith. v Microeconometric Analysis of Individual and Institutional Determinants of Education and Occupational Choice Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doctor oeconomiae publicae (Dr. oec. publ.) an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 2018 vorgelegt von Natalie Obergruber Referent: Prof. Dr. Ludger Wößmann Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Uwe Sunde Promotionsabschlussberatung: 11. Juli 2018 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Ludger Wößmann Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Uwe Sunde Drittgutachter: Prof. Dr. Oliver Falck Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 03. Juli 2018 Contents Acknowledgement v List of Figures xiii List of Tables xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Determinants of education . 2 1.1.1 Family background . 3 1.1.2 Institutions . 4 1.2 Determinants of occupational choice . 5 1.3 Outline of the thesis . 6 1.4 What do we learn? . 8 2 Separating Parents 11 2.1 Introduction . 11 2.2 Data . 13 2.2.1 NEPS students within the German school system . 13 2.2.2 Data structure . 14 2.2.3 Definition of separation . 14 2.2.4 Summary statistics . 15 2.3 Empirical strategy . 17 2.4 Separation and cognitive skills . 18 2.4.1 Level dierences in cognitive skills . 18 2.4.2 Dierences in cognitive skill development . 19 2.4.3 Grades . 20 2.5 Mechanism: Family inputs shocked by separation . 21 2.6 Robustness checks . 22 2.6.1 Reversed causality and omitted variables . 23 2.6.2 Heterogeneity of separation cohorts . 24 2.6.3 External validity . 24 2.7 Conclusion . 26 2.8 Figures and tables . 28 2.9 Appendix A . 37 ix Contents 3 Awarding a Low-Track School Degree 47 3.1 Introduction . 47 3.2 Institutional background . 51 3.3 Data . 53 3.4 Identification strategy . 56 3.5 Main Results . 58 3.5.1 School careers and degrees . 58 3.5.2 Occupational outcomes . 60 3.5.3 Selection into the academic track . 60 3.6 Heterogeneity by parents’ school degree . 61 3.7 Robustness checks . 62 3.7.1 Eect on the whole population . 62 3.7.2 Linear state trends . 63 3.7.3 Leave-one out . 63 3.8 Conclusion . 63 3.9 Figures and tables . 65 3.10 Appendix B . 78 4 Predicting Choice of Math-Intensive Occupations 85 4.1 Introduction . 85 4.2 Data . 89 4.2.1 NEPS panel data . 89 4.2.2 Math intensity of occupations . 90 4.2.3 Summary statistics . 91 4.3 Empirical strategy . 92 4.4 Grade dierence and math-intensity of occupation . 93 4.4.1 Baseline results . 93 4.4.2 Parental occupation . 95 4.4.3 Grade dierence as signal of own subject-specific ability . 96 4.4.4 The role of employers . 97 4.4.5 Dierences in tastes . 97 4.5 Conclusion . 99 4.6 Figures and tables . 100 4.7 Appendix C . 110 5 Long-Term Consequences of Inequality 119 5.1 Introduction . 119 5.2 Historical background of inheritance rules . 123 5.3 Data . 124 5.3.1 Inheritance rule . 125 x Contents 5.3.2 Data sources . 125 5.3.3 Summary statistics . 127 5.4 Empirical strategy . 127 5.5 Inequality . 129 5.5.1 Historical inequality . 129 5.5.2 Inequality today . 130 5.6 Economic development . 130 5.6.1 Level of economic development today . 130 5.6.2 Development before industrialization . 131 5.6.3 Development from industrialization onward . 133 5.7 Mechanism: innovation and occupational choice . 133 5.8 Robustness checks . 135 5.8.1 Inheritance rule . 135 5.8.2 RD sample restriction . 135 5.9 Conclusion . 135 5.10 Figures and tables . 137 5.11 Appendix D . 155 References 167 xi List of Figures Figure 2.1: Structure of NEPS panel data on 10-year olds . 28 Figure 2.2: Mean reading test scores 2010 and 2012 by year of separation and for control group . 29 Figure 2.3: Demeaned reading test scores by time distance to separation and separation cohort . 30 Figure 3.1: The Structure of the German School System . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Selected Quality Metrics for Digital Passport Photographs Vom
    Selected Quality Metrics for Digital Passport Photographs Vom Fachbereich Informatik der Technischen Universität Darmstadt genehmigte Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor-Ingenieurs (Dr.-Ing.) von Oriana Yuridia González Castillo aus Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexiko Referenten der Arbeit: Prof. Dr. José L. Encarnação, Technische Universität Darmstadt Prof. Dr. Stephen Wolthusen, Royal Holloway University of London Tag der Einreichung: 26.10.2007 Tag der mündliche Prüfung: 12.12.2007 Hochschulkennziffer D17 Acknowledgements This work was developed thanks to the facilities provided by the Fraunhofer-Institute for Com- puter Graphics Darmstadt (Fraunhofer IGD), the founds provided for the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) México and the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD) Germany. The development of this thesis in Germany has been one of the best experiences in my life. I learned many things which I could not have learned in any other country. This thesis rep- resents the culmination of the biggest dream I ever had. I want to thank all the people who supported me to make it possible: Stephanie Buechl, Dr. Volker Roth, Dr. Christoph Busch, Prof. José L. Encarnação, Dr. Stephen Wolthusen, Dr. Martin Schmucker, Dr. Henning Daum, Dr. Ullrich Pinsdorf, Dipl. Ing. Alexander Nouak and all the colleagues of the de- partment A8 from Fraunhofer IGD in Darmstadt. I also want to thank to: Elfriede Fitschen, Elke Frank, Sabine Bartsch, Doris Müller, Barbara Merten, Carola Eichel and my friends Ana, Adriana, Francisco, Chetna, Sebastian, Jaime, Sonja, Mariza, Erica and Roberto C. My family in Mexico has played a very important role in the development of my career.
    [Show full text]
  • White Working Class Communities in Berlin
    EUROPE’S WHITE WORKING CLASS COMMUNITIES 1 BERLIN AT HOME IN EUROPE EUROPE’S WHITE WORKING CLASS COMMUNITIES BERLIN OOSF_BERLIN_cimnegyed-20150217.inddSF_BERLIN_cimnegyed-20150217.indd CC11 22015.02.17.015.02.17. 114:21:494:21:49 ©2014 Open Society Foundations This publication is available as a pdf on the Open Society Foundations website under a Creative Commons license that allows copying and distributing the publication, only in its entirety, as long as it is attributed to the Open Society Foundations and used for noncommercial educational or public policy purposes. Photographs may not be used separately from the publication. ISBN: 9781940983196 Published by OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS 224 West 57th Street New York NY 10019 United States For more information contact: AT HOME IN EUROPE OPEN SOCIETY INITIATIVE FOR EUROPE Millbank Tower, 21-24 Millbank, London, SW1P 4QP, UK www.opensocietyfoundations.org/projects/home-europe Design by Ahlgrim Design Group Layout by Q.E.D. Publishing Printed in Hungary. Printed on CyclusOffset paper produced from 100% recycled fi bres OOSF_BERLIN_cimnegyed-20150217.inddSF_BERLIN_cimnegyed-20150217.indd CC22 22015.02.17.015.02.17. 114:21:514:21:51 EUROPE’S WHITE WORKING CLASS COMMUNITIES 1 BERLIN THE OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS WORK TO BUILD VIBRANT AND TOLERANT SOCIETIES WHOSE GOVERNMENTS ARE ACCOUNTABLE TO THEIR CITIZENS. WORKING WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN MORE THAN 100 COUNTRIES, THE OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS SUPPORT JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS, FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, AND ACCESS TO PUBLIC HEALTH AND EDUCATION. OOSF_BERLIN_cimnegyed-20150217.inddSF_BERLIN_cimnegyed-20150217.indd 1 22015.02.17.015.02.17. 114:21:514:21:51 AT HOME IN EUROPE 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements This city report was prepared as a part of series of reports titled Europe´s White Working Class Communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2016 DISCLAIMER Publication of Merck Kgaa, Darmstadt, Germany
    INFINITELY CURIOUS Annual Report 2016 DISCLAIMER Publication of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. In the United States and Canada the subsidiaries of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, operate as EMD Serono in Healthcare, MilliporeSig- ma in Life Science and EMD Performance Materials. To reflect such fact and to avoid any misconception of the reader of the publication certain logos, terms and names of businesses of the publication have been substituted or additional descriptions have been added. This version of the publication, therefore, slightly deviates from the otherwise identical version of the publication provided outside the United States and Canada. INFINITELY For nearly 350 years, curious people at our company have been bringing ideas to life. As a global science and tech- nology company, a passion for research and discovery is our most valuable resource. With our three business sectors, namely Healthcare, Life Science and Performance Materials, we improve the quality of life of patients, increase the success of our customers, and offer solutions for diverse challenges. Curiosity is and remains our strongest driving force for future-oriented innovations. “ Curiosity fuels business development and enables companies like ours to remain competitive. In my opinion, we should even dare to be more curious. We need curiosity in order to understand technical progress and to shape our future actively and responsibly.” Stefan Oschmann, Chairman of the Executive Board and CEO Group Key figures GROUP Key figures Change € million 2016 2015 € million
    [Show full text]
  • Horizon 2020-Funded Security Research Projects with Dual-Use Potential: an Overview (2014-2018)
    Horizon 2020-funded security research projects with dual-use potential: An overview (2014-2018) G. Bordin, M. Hristova and E. Luque-Perez 2020 1 EUR 30210 EN This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact information Name: Guy Bordin, Mayya Hristova and Encarnación Luque-Perez Address: Rue du Champ de Mars 21, 1049 Brussels, Belgium Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC120636 EUR 30210 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-76-18810-0 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/599783 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union © European Union, 2020 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2018 129 128  52  30 26 10 8  Managementofg+D Gmbh and 6 Contents Were Taken by Our Employees
    Annual Report 2018 Contents 2 Interview with the Group CEO 6 Management of G+D GmbH and G+D subgroups We make the lives of billions of people 8 Supervisory Board Report more secure 10 Our Markets and Solutions 26 Our Responsibility 30 Group Management Report 52 Consolidated Financial Statements 2 128 Corporate Bodies 129 Legal Notice Securing the Internet of Things – all in a day’s work for Riwaj 10 Protection in Giesecke+Devrient Glance a at the quantum age – and a secure future for Leonie 14 E-passports for Bangladesh – and goosebumps for Fabiola 18 Secure banknotes for Egypt – and a lesson in patience for Marc-Julian Photos with this symbol 22 were taken by our employees. Creating Confidence Economy 4.0, digitalization, the Internet of Things, automation, cyber security – rapid change typifies today’s world. Innovation is enriching our lives and tech- nology continues to drive improvements. Giesecke+Devrient is actively involved in shaping all of these trends – and continuously reinventing itself in the process. Founded more than 165 years ago in Germany as a specialist printer for banknotes and securities, the family-owned company has evolved into an international technology group. Around 11,400 employees across 32 countries are constantly working to make the lives of billions of people more secure. We partner with our customers to guarantee reliable cash and digital payments. We safeguard the digital connectivity of people and machines over the Internet. We protect personal identities and cross-border traffic. And we defend national govern- ments, public authorities, and critical infrastructures against data misuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing Banknote Identity DNB Occasional Studies
    DNB Occasional Studies Vol.10/No.3 (2012) Designing Banknote Identity DNB Occasional Studies Hans de Heij DNB_OS_1003_Omsl_300836.indd 1 21-09-12 16:16 Central bank and prudential supervisor of financial institutions ©2012 De Nederlandsche Bank NV Author: Hans de Heij Aim of the Occasional Studies is to disseminate thinking on policy and analytical issues in areas relevant to the Bank. Views expressed are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily refl ect offi cial positions of De Nederlandsche Bank. Editorial Committee Jakob de Haan (chairman), Eelco van den Berg (secretary), Hans Brits, Pim Claassen, Maria Demertzis, Peter van Els, Jan Willem van den End, Maarten Gelderman and Bram Scholten. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Nederlandsche Bank. Subscription orders for DNB Occasional Studies and requests for specimen copies should be sent to: De Nederlandsche Bank NV Communications P.O. Box 98 1000 AB Amsterdam The Netherlands Internet: www.dnb.nl DNB_OS_1003_Omsl_300836.indd 2 21-09-12 16:16 Occasional Studies Vol.10/No.3 (2012) Hans de Heij Designing Banknote Identity Designing Banknote Identity Table of contents Abstract 7 1 Introduction 9 2 History of banknote design 15 2.1 Studies on banknote design and identity: an overview 15 2.2 History of paper money design 16 2.2.1 Original money 18 2.2.2 Coins 20 2.2.3 Bills
    [Show full text]
  • Berlin's Economy in Figures 2015
    Berlin‘s Economy in Figures 2015 Issue Preface Berlin – metropolis of the venturous Our City is a magnet for people with bright ideas who want to make a difference. Shaking things up – that’s what motivates the people who come to Berlin. The venturous are lured to Berlin in search of a venue, where they can interact in an Dr. Eric Schweitzer, international and intercultural ecosystem that is President of the CCI Berlin, one of a kind. We Berliners are proud of that. and Stephan Schwarz, It is as a result of its open-mindedness and re- President of the Chamber ceptiveness that makes Berlin the place where of Skilled Crafts Berlin a determined group of people can change the world and its future. It is a metropolis of science Berlin’s labour market, where 38,000 new jobs p. 25 and creativity which breeds individuals who are were created. Nothing seems to be curbing the not satisfied with the conventional wisdom, and growth in employment in Berlin. And that up- want to venture into uncharted territory. They ward trend is precisely what our city needs – for set up businesses which mature and grow into a the unemployment rate continues to be high new Mittelstand. This wealth of plans and ideas in comparison with the rest of Germany p. 27, makes our city exciting and dynamic: Characte- purchasing power p. 13 is relatively low, and pub- ristics which are essential to those who wish to lic debt p. 71 burdensome. This is the problematic improve on what is there. Berlin’s economy in side of Berlin – and one we must all strive to put figures 2015 provides facts and figures which right.
    [Show full text]
  • Expanding the Fortress “I Am Sorry for Europe
    EXPANDING THE The policies, the profiteers and the people shaped by EU’s border externalisation programme. MARK AKKERMAN Stop Wapenhandel www.stopwapenhandel.org AUTHOR: Mark Akkerman EDITORS: Nick Buxton and Wendela de Vries DESIGN: Evan Clayburg PRINTER: Jubels PHOTOS: All photos by Sara Prestianni (@SaraPrestianni/Flickr) except the photo on p.20 (European Council), p.23 (Sébastien Rieussec/EU), p.51 (Sea Watch), p.35 (@idarrenj), p.60 (UNHCR), p.84 (IOM) Published by Transnational Institute – www.TNI.org and Stop Wapenhandel – www.StopWapenhandel.org Amsterdam, May 2018 Contents of the report may be quoted or reproduced for non-commercial purposes, provided that the source of information is properly cited. TNI would appreciate receiving a copy or link of the text in which this document is used or cited. Please note that for some images the copyright may lie elsewhere and copyright conditions of those images should be based on the copyright terms of the original source. http://www.tni.org/copyright ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We’d like to give special thanks to Marie Martin, for all the help during the research and writing process, and Martin Lemberg-Pedersen, for peer reviewing the report. We also thank Sara Prestianni, Katrin McGuaran, Ben Hayes, Estela Casajuana, Martin Broek, Leslie Piquemal, Frank Slijper and Vincent de Jong for their input, comments and other help. Additional research for the chapter on Egypt has been done by Sofian Philip Naceur (a journalist based in Cairo working on Egypt, Algeria and EU/German foreign policies in the regio) and Muhammad al-Kashef (a field researcher and legal consultant at EIPR, with years of experience working alongside refugees and migrants as a member of Refugees’ Solidarity Movement and WatchTheMed-Alarmphone).
    [Show full text]
  • European Central Bank: How the Euro Became Our Money
    HOW THE EURO BECAME A SHORT OUR MONEY HISTORY OF THE EURO BANKNOTES AND COINS HOW THE EURO BECAME OUR MONEY A SHORT HISTORY OF THE EURO BANKNOTES AND COINS FOREWORD 7 Appendix: Excerpts from the design brief for the euro banknotes 33 ChaPter 1: A DECADE IN PREPARATION 9 ChaPter 3: Issuing euro banknotes and coins 10 PRODUCTION 35 Naming the currency and creating Printing prototype banknotes 36 the € symbol 10 Test banknotes 36 Fixing the denominations 12 Creating printing plates 37 Timing the introduction of the new currency 12 Zero-production run 38 Establishing a quality management system 40 Legal and security issues with suppliers 41 ChaPter 2: Paper-making 42 2/3 DESIGN 17 Printing 44 Selecting a design theme for the banknotes 18 Managing the large-scale production of Creating user-friendly banknotes 22 euro banknotes 48 Ranking the designs 22 Consulting the public and making the final decision 24 Designing the euro coins 28 Preparing the final designs 30 ChaPter 4: ChaPter 5: CHANGEOVER 51 COMMUNICATION 69 Estimating how many banknotes to print 52 Preparing the public for the changeover 70 Banknote circulation and banknote stocks 54 Euro 2002 Information Campaign 72 Stock management scheme Partnership programme 73 for the changeover 55 National communication efforts 74 Early distribution of banknotes and coins 56 Campaign research 76 Frontloading and sub-frontloading 59 Campaign website 78 Facilitating the cash changeover for retailers 60 Press activities and public relations 79 Putting euro cash into circulation 60 Mass media campaign 80 Withdrawing national banknotes and coins 62 Adapting cash dispensers and cash- operated machines 64 ChaPter 6: Security features Exchanging national banknotes at face value 66 OF EURO BANKNOTES 83 ChaPter 7: CURRENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 89 HOW THE EURO BECAME OUR MONEY FOREWORD 6/7 The logistical preparations for the banknotes and coins go back to 1992, when nobody knew what they would look like, and when the new currency did not even have a definitive name.
    [Show full text]
  • Security As a Brand Security Makes All the Difference: How Highly Complex Security Features Protect Against Forgery and Misuse 34
    www.bundesdruckerei.de COMPANY BROCHURE 2014 Contents EDITORIAL Protection against attacks 3 Bundesdruckerei in figures 4 The Bundesdruckerei Group 5 I. FULL ID | GOVERNANCE Defence shield for companies How companies protect their data and communications and how processes can be implemented effciently 6 II. FULL ID | CITIZEN Who is it really? Identity protection: How ID documents prove identity beyond a trace of doubt and how border controls are becoming more effective and secure 24 III. FULL ID | OB JECTS Security as a brand Security makes all the difference: How highly complex security features protect against forgery and misuse 34 IV. BUNDESDRUCKEREI GMBH Be part of the future Bundesdruckerei – a popular employer in the region and an innovator for the academic sector 40 References & publishing details 48 3 Protection against attacks What we are seeing today is the global networking of goods and services. Industry 4.0 is the topic of the day. The networked factory where machines and workpieces permanently exchange information is now reality. Many industrial companies are working with networked production sites. However, when we produce in networks, when data is exchanged across borders together with freight and goods, when work takes place in mobile environments, we also have to ask how these processes can be made secure and how the related data fows can be suffciently protected. Furthermore, we must be able to rely on the identity of the people, objects and processes involved, i.e. we must be able to trust them. In a nutshell, what we need is authentic, secure and binding communication. We still have work to do here.
    [Show full text]
  • The Disintegration of Organised Capitalism: German Corporate Governance in the 1990S
    The disintegration of organised capitalism: German corporate governance in the 1990s Jürgen Beyer and Martin Höpner (Published in: West European politics 26 : 4, 179-198. Page numbers of the orginal text are marked with (here starts p. xxx)) In comparative perspective the consensus-oriented political system of Germany is not susceptible to radical policy shifts. Constancy and continuity are key features of the German economic system as well, which in the past was regarded as a role model for other nations.1 Institutional stability may be attributed to high coherence of the institutional configuration.2 But today, in the face of an internationalised and thus more competitive world economy and the additional economic problems related to German unification, institutional stability is more often interpreted as a burden than as an advantage. In 1997 the expression Reformstau (reform jam) was voted ‘word of the year’, due to its frequent use in political debate. Reforms seemed to be impossible although most of the citizens perceived them as necessary. Nevertheless, there are fields of substantial change which do not fit the image of change in Germany being gradual at best. We will discuss such an exception to the rule. The sphere of corporate governance turned out to be highly dynamic in Germany, undergoing rapid changes towards market orientation in the 1990s after several decades of institutional stability. How was this possible? Corporate governance in the ‘organised’ German economy was characterised by (a) structures of company control that
    [Show full text]
  • Overview European Ncas
    Overview European NCAs Country NCA Homepage Austria Financial Market Authority www.fma.gv.at/en/ Belgium National Bank of Belgium www.nbb.be/en Bulgaria Bulgarian National Bank www.bnb.bg/index.htm?toLang=_EN Croatia Croatian National Bank for Credit Institutions www.hnb.hr/en Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency www.hanfa.hr/en/ for Investment Firms Cyprus Central Bank of Cyprus www.centralbank.cy/en/home Czech Republic Czech National Bank www.cnb.cz/en/index.html Denmark Finanstilsynet www.dfsa.dk/ ECB European Central Bank (SSM) www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html Estonia Financial Supervision Authority www.fi.ee/en Finland Finanssilvalvonta (FIN-FSA) www.finanssivalvonta.fi/en/ France Autorité de contrôle prudentiel www.acpr.banque-france.fr/en et de Resolution Germany BaFin www.bafin.de/EN/Homepage/homepage_node.html Bundesbank Greece Bank of Greece www.bankofgreece.gr/Pages/en/default.asp x Hungary Central Bank of Hungary www.mnb.hu/en Iceland Financial Supervisory Authority www.en.fme.is/ Ireland Central Bank of Ireland www.centralbank.ie/home Italy Banca d'Italia www.bancaditalia.it/homepage/index.html Latvia Financial and Capital Market Commission www.fktk.lv/en/ Liechtenstein Financial Services Authority www.fma-li.li/ Lithuania Bank of Lithuania www.lb.lt/en/ Luxembourg Commission de Surveillance www.supervisory-disclosure.cssf.lu/en/home/ du Secteur Financier Malta Malta Financial Services Authority www.mfsa.com.mt/ Netherlands De Nederlandsche Bank www.toezicht.dnb.nl/en/index.jsp?s=c Poland
    [Show full text]