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Home , Altlandsberg, Am Mellensee, Beetzseeheide, Bensdorf, Bernau bei Berlin, Bersteland

Berlin‘s Economy in Figures 2015 Issue Preface – metropolis of the venturous

Our City is a magnet for people with bright ideas who want to make a difference. Shaking things up – that’s what motivates the people who come to Berlin. The venturous are lured to Berlin in search of a venue, where they can interact in an Dr. Eric Schweitzer, international and intercultural ecosystem that is President of the CCI Berlin, one of a kind. We Berliners are proud of that. and Stephan Schwarz, It is as a result of its open-mindedness and re- President of the Chamber ceptiveness that makes Berlin the place where of Skilled Crafts Berlin a determined group of people can change the world and its future. It is a metropolis of science Berlin’s labour market, where 38,000 new jobs p. 25 and creativity which breeds individuals who are were created. Nothing seems to be curbing the not satisfied with the conventional wisdom, and growth in employment in Berlin. And that up- want to venture into uncharted territory. They ward trend is precisely what our city needs – for set up businesses which mature and grow into a the unemployment rate continues to be high new Mittelstand. This wealth of plans and ideas in comparison with the rest of p. 27, makes our city exciting and dynamic: Characte- purchasing power p. 13 is relatively low, and pub- ristics which are essential to those who wish to lic debt p. 71 burdensome. This is the problematic improve on what is there. Berlin’s economy in side of Berlin – and one we must all strive to put figures 2015 provides facts and figures which right. back up these claims, and illustrates what an ex- citing place this is to live in. As you read on, you will come across numerous other examples indicative of the character of This is why more than 46,000 incomers p. 19 have our city. So imagine what Berlin is and what it moved to the city in the last year alone, and ne- should be like – and stay venturous. arly twelve million visitors p. 49 have chosen to spend time here. There is evidence of Berlin’s dynamism at every turn: in the more than 2,000 residential buildings p. 22 completed last year, in the 41,400 new enterprises p. 14 – and of course in Dr. Eric Schweitzer Stephan Schwarz

3 Content

Preface 3 Section 7: Business Clusters in Berlin- 27 Healthcare industry cluster in Berlin and Brandenburg 27 Section 1: The Berlin economy – structure and trends 6 ICT, media and creative industries cluster in Berlin and Brandenburg 27 Gross domestic product of the federal states 2014 6 Transport, mobility and logistics industries cluster in Berlin and Brandenburg 28 Gross domestic product in Berlin, Brandenburg and Germany 2004–2014 6 Optical industries cluster (including microsystems engineering) in Berlin and Brandenburg 28 Gross domestic product per capita by federal state 2014 7 Power engineering cluster in Berlin and Brandenburg 29 Structural shifts in the Berlin economy 7 Gross value added in Berlin 2014 8 Section 8: Berlin education 30 Productivity by federal state 2014 8 Top ten sales and other training occupations 2014 at the CCI Berlin 30 Disposable income per resident in Berlin 9 Top ten commercial-technical training occupations 2014 at the CCI Berlin 30 Settlement and investment projects in Berlin 2014 10 Recognition of foreign vocational qualifications at the CCI Berlin 31 Foreign direct investment per capita 2013 10 Recognition of foreign vocational qualifications at the Chamber of Skilled Crafts Berlin 31

Section 2: Area and population 11 Section 9: Science location Berlin 32 Population development, Berlin conurbation 2004–2014 11 Science institutions in Berlin 32 Age structure in Berlin, selected federal states and Germany 2013 11 Public and private R&D staff 2013 32 Non-German population by origin 2014 12 R&D staff in the private sector 2013 33 R&D expenditures in the private sector 2013 33 Section 3: Berlin labour market 13 R&D in Berlin’s SMEs and large companies 2011 and 2013 34 All employees and employees subject to compulsory social insurance in Berlin 2004–2014 13 Students from abroad by federal state 35 Comparison of working population in Berlin, 1994 and 2014 13 Third-party funds raised per professor by federal state 2012 35 Unemployment rates 2004–2014 14 Patent applications by federal state, 2014 36 Unemployment rates by federal state 2014 14 University-spin-offs in Berlin-Brandenburg 36 Top 100 employers in Berlin 15 Section 10: Foreign trade in Berlin 37 Section 4: Skilled crafts in Berlin 18 Berlin imports by top-ten commodity groups 2014 37 Total number of companies registered with the Chamber of Skilled Crafts 18 Berlin exports by top-ten commodity groups 2014 37 Entrepreneurs of foreign origin registered with the Chamber of Skilled Crafts 18 Berlin imports by country 2013/2014 38 Apprentices in Berlin 2004–2014 19 Berlin exports by country 2013/2014 38 Passed master craftsman examinations in Berlin 2004–2014 19 Export ratio by federal state 2014 39

Section 5: Berlin Chamber of Commerce and Industry 20 Section 11: Berlin-Brandenburg 40 CCI members in Berlin by economic sector 20 Population development in Berlin conurbation 2004-2014 40 CCI members in Berlin by borough 20 Taxable turnover in Berlin and Brandenburg, 2005 and 2013 40 Companies listed in the Berlin company register 21 Unemployment rate in Berlin and Brandenburg as of June 2015 41 Small businesses in Berlin 21 The symbiotic relationship between Berlin and Brandenburg 42 Section 6: Sectors in Berlin 22 Gross value added in Berlin and Brandenburg 2014 42 Development of gross value added per working hour 2008–2014 22 Economic structure in Berlin and Brandenburg 2014 42 Revenue and employment trends in manufacturing 2007–2014 22 Private R&D expenditures per R&D employee 2013 42 Revenue in real terms and employment trends in retail 2014–2015 23 Revenue and employment trends in construction 2007–2014 24 Explanations 44 Development of passenger numbers in air traffic 2004–2014 24 Geographical terms relating to the region 44 Number of Berlin visitors and overnight stays 2004–2014 25 Abbrevations 45 Berlin tourists from abroad by country 2004–2014 25 Structure of the Berlin service sector 2013 26 Imprint 46

4 5 Section 1: The Berlin economy – structure and trends

Gross domestic product of the federal states 2014* Gross domestic product per capita* by federal state 2013 percentage change from previous year, in real terms at current prices in euros

2.5 % 60,000

2.2 50,000 2.0 %

40,000 1.5 % 1.6 30,000 34,219

1.0 % 31,504 0.9 20,000 24,231 0.5 % Source: macroeconomic 10,000 Source: macroeconomic accounts of the federal accounts of the federal states, April 2015 0 % 0 states, April 2015 ST HB BB RP NI SL NW HE MV TH DE HH SH BY SN BE BW MV TH ST BB SN SH RP NI BE SL NW DE BW HE BY HB HH

* results according to preliminary calculation * results according to preliminary calculation abbreviations see page 45 abbreviations see page 45

Gross domestic product in Berlin, Brandenburg and Germany 2004–2014 Structural shifts in the Berlin economy percentage change from previous year, in real terms contribution of individual sectors to gross value added at current prices in million euros

6.0% 120,000

105,478 4.0% 100,000 83.6%

84,993 2.2* 2.0% 1.7 1.6* 80,000 76,703 82.9% 1.2 0.9* 80.9%

0.0% 60,000

-1.2 -2.0% 40,000

Source: macroeconomic -4.0% 20,000 Source: macroeconomic 16.4% accounts of the federal 19.1% 17.1% accounts of the federal states, April 2015 -6.0% 0 states, April 2015 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2000 2007 2014 Germany Berlin Brandenburg manufacturing* services

* results according to preliminary calculation * Since the gross value added generated by agriculture, forestry and fisheries in Berlin is relatively low, it is contained in manufacturing. 6 7 Section 1: The Berlin economy – structure and trends

Gross value added in Berlin 2014 Disposable income per resident* in Berlin by economic sector in euros and relative to the German average in euros in percent 20,000 100 manufacturing* (without construction) – 12.5% 17,000 94% 95 construction – 3.9% trade, transportation and warehousing, accomodation and food service activities, 14,000 90 information and communication – 21.3% 86% 105.5 bn euros finance, insurance and business services, 11,000 85 real estate activities – 31.2% public and other service providers, education and health, 8,000 80 private households – 31.0%

Source: Berlin-Branden- 5,000 75 Source: macroeconomic burg State Office for accounts of the federal Statistics, April 2015 2,000 70 states, June 2015 * Since the gross value added generated by agriculture, 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 forestry and fisheries in Berlin is relatively low, it is contained in manufacturing. disposable income disposable income per capita per capita in euros relative to the federal average (Germany = 100%)

* vital statistics prior to census 2011

Income is still growing too sluggishly Productivity by federal state 2014 Since 2000, the average income available to into a centre of highly-productive business acti- gross domestic product per working hour of labour force at current prices in euros Berliners to spend and save has increased by vity has only just begun. A substantial share of 18 percent. The German average increased the economic growth of recent years resulted 70 by almost 30 percent, while in the neighbou- from the increase in the number of man-hours ring state of Brandenburg, the figure has even worked, in particular through the creation of 60 reached 35 percent. This rise in average income additional jobs. However with the exception of illustrates that despite making progress, Berlin’s a few sectors such as manufacturing, the growth 50 economy has not yet finished it’s transformati- in productivity has remained muted – and has 49.7 46.1 onal process. It is true that we have seen some even stagnated in some years. 40 very rapid growth spurts since the mid of the 39.5 recent decade. But the city’s transformation 30

20

Source: macroeconomic 10 accounts of the federal states, April 2015 0 TH MV SN ST BB SH BE NI RP SL DE NW BY BW HB HE HH

abbreviations see page 45

8 9 Section 1: The Berlin economy – structure and trends Section 2: Area and population

Settlement and investment projects in Berlin 2014 Population development, Berlin conurbation 2004–2014 subdivided into clusters and economic sectors census 2011 5,000,000

4,000,000

4,397,433

234 5,670 578.9 m euros 4,245,868 business projects new jobs of investments 3,000,000

3,466,164 Source: Berlin Partner for 3,387,828 Business and Technology, January 2015 2,000,000 healthcare industry energy services media, information and transport, mobility, manufacturing* 1,000,000 Source: Berlin-Branden- communications, techno- logistics burg State Office for logy, creative industries Statistics, June 2015,

optics 931,269 858,040 own calculations *companies not involved in the Berlin-Brandenburg business clusters 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014** Berlin Berlin outer conurbation* Berlin conurbation*

* explanations see page 44f ** as of: 30 November, 2014

Foreign direct investment per capita 2013 Age structure in Berlin, selected federal states and Germany 2013 stock and percentage change from previous year share of age classes

25 % 35% 20% 30% 15 % 10 % 25%

5 % 20% 0 % 15% -5 % Source: Central Bank of -8.0 the Federal Republic of -10 % 10% Germany, Federal Statis- -15 % -13.0 Source: Federal Statistical tical Office of Germany, 5% Office of Germany, June 2015, -20 % June 2015, own calculations -25 % 0% own calculations HB BE BB BY HH SN HE BW TH RP MV ST SL SH NI NW under 18 years 18 to 29 years 30 to 49 years 50 to 64 years 65 years and older Berlin Brandenburg Germany abbreviations see page 45

10 11 Section 2: Area and population Section 3: Berlin labour market

Non-German population by origin 2014 All employees and employees subject to compulsory social insurance in Berlin 2004–2014 share of total registered non-German residents in Berlin by region of origin annual average

1,850,000 1,805,400 4% European Union 1% 6% other parts of Europe 1,750,000 2% Asia 1,650,000 America 1,554,700 1,550,000 41% Africa 1,556,700 15% Australia/Oceania 1,450,000 stateless/unclarified 1,350,000 Source: Federal Employ-

1,250,000 1,287,841 ment Agency of Germany, July 2015, 1,150,000 Employment calculation Source: Berlin-Branden- 1,044,827 of the federal and state 1,050,000 1,076,080 burg State Office for 32% 1,030,230 government, Statistics, February 2015 95,0000 February 2015 2004* 2005* 2006* 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total percentages may be more or less than 100 % owing to rounding up and down. employees subject to compulsory employees Berlin: a cosmopolitan city social insurance *The Federal Employment Agency has revised the labour market statistics not prior to the year 2007. A total of 16.5 percent of Berlin’s population were attractive destination, particularly because it is Due to this the comparability of the two time series is restricted. not born in Germany, well above the national not far from their Polish homeland. The number average of 8.9 percent. More than 50,000 people of people migrating from Asia has grown espe- have Polish citizenship, putting them in second cially dramatically in comparison with 2013: Comparison of working population in Berlin, 1994 and 2014 place behind the some 100,000 Turks who live 8,000 Asians now call Berlin their home. The civil share of working population by economic sector here, and who continue to represent the largest war in Syria has seen a steady increase in the foreign group in the city. Polish immigration is number of people with Syrian citizenship coming 8% by no means a recent phenomenon: people used to our city: from 3,719 in 2013 to 6,471 today* 14% to come here to escape poor economic condi- – a fifth of whom are children and young people 5% tions in . Now it is mainly well-educated under the age of 15. The city’s Chinese, Indian, skilled workers who come to enjoy the freedoms Israeli and Afghan population has also increased. 33% offered by the EU. The German capital is an 9% 39% * as of 31 December, 2014 1994 2014 27%

26% 17% Source: Berlin-Branden- burg State Office for 22% Statistics, May 2015 manufacturing* (without construction) financing-, insurance and company construction service providers, real estate activities trade, transport, storage, accomodation public and other service providers, and food service activities, restaurants, education and health, private households information and communication 12 13 * Since the gross value added generated by agriculture, forestry and fisheries in Berlin is relatively low, it is contained in manufacturing (without construction). Total percentages may be more or less than 100 % owing to rounding up and down. Section 3: Berlin labour market

Unemployment rates 2004–2014 Top 100 employers in Berlin based on all civilian labour force, annual average as of 31 December, 2014

20% 18.7 19.0 company name employees total number headquarter in Berlin of employees in Berlin 18% 18.2 1 Deutsche Bahn AG 19,466 306,966 yes 17.7 2 Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin 16,800 16,800 yes 16% 3 Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH 14,714 14,714 yes

14% 4 Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) – AöR – 13,776 13,776 yes 5 Siemens AG 11,818 341,000 yes 1 12% 11.7 6 Deutsche Telekom AG 6,833 225,000 no 11.1 10.5 7 EDEKA Minden-Hannover Stiftung & Co. KG 6,831 2 336,100 2 no

10% 9.4 8 Deutsche Post DHL Group 6,500 480,000 no 9 WISAG-Gruppe 6,466 3 not specified no Source: Federal Employ- 8% 10 Daimler AG 6,203 279,972 no ment Agency of Germany, 6.7 11 Dussmann Group 5,950 3,4 64,708 4 yes January 2015 6% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 12 Kaiser´s Tengelmann GmbH 5,908 16,622 no 13 Vattenfall AB 5,500 32,000 no Germany Berlin Brandenburg 14 Berliner Stadtreinigung 5,379 5,379 yes 15 Securitas Gruppe 5,160 310,000 no 16 METRO GROUP 4,836 264,865 no 17 Axel Springer SE 4,833 14,476 yes Unemployment rates by federal state 2014 18 Gegenbauer Holding SE & Co. KG 4,744 15,197 yes based on all civilian labour force, annual average 19 Berliner Wasserbetriebe 4,523 4,523 yes 20 Bayer Pharma AG 4,500 110,000 5 yes 16% 21 Kaufland Dienstleistung GmbH & Co. KG 4,200 147,300 6 no 14% 22 Deutsche Bank AG 4,000 98,138 no 23 HELIOS Kliniken Gruppe 3,836 68,000 7 yes 12% 24 Berliner Sparkasse 3,742 3,742 yes 11.1 11.2 10% 25 Paul Gerhardt Diakonie e. V., Berlin und Wittenberg 3,492 4,781 yes 9.4 26 DRK Kliniken Berlin 3,410 3,410 yes 8% 27 Karstadt Gruppe 3,028 22,523 no 28 Alexianer GmbH 3,013 12,878 no 6% 6.7 29 Zalando SE 3,000 7,500 yes 4% 30 Deutsche Lufthansa AG 2,900 3 119,000 no 31 REWE Markt GmbH 2,850 90,000 no Source: Federal Employ- 2% 8 ment Agency of Germany, 32 Lidl Dienstleistung GmbH & Co. KG 2,801 70,000 no 8 January 2015 0% 33 Netto Marken-Discount AG & Co. KG 2,798 72,883 no BY BW RP HE NI DE SH SL HH TH NW SN BB ST HB BE MV 34 Evangelisches Johannesstift SbR 2,783 3,287 yes

abbreviations see page 45 35 Allianz 2,778 147,425 no 36 Air Berlin PLC & Co. Luftverkehrs KG 2,700 8,400 yes 37 BIOTRONIK Unternehmensgruppe 2,600 5,600 yes

14 38 McDonald's Deutschland Inc. 2,574 1,8 Mio no 15 Section 3: Berlin labour market

company name employees total number headquarter company name employees total number headquarter in Berlin of employees in Berlin in Berlin of employees in Berlin 39 UNIONHILFSWERK 2,512 2,557 yes 79 BARMER GEK 1,123 3 16,186 8 yes 40 BMW Group 2,400 116,300 no 80 ERGO Versicherungsgruppe AG 1,102 28,019 no 41 3B Dienstleistungsgruppe 2,300 3,300 yes 81 ALBA Group plc & Co. KG 1,100 8,000 yes 42 Commerzbank AG 2,294 52,103 no 82 Clemens Kleine Gebäudeservice GmbH 1,077 10,200 yes 43 Mosaik-Unternehmensverbund 2,244 2,259 yes 83 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH 1,072 110,000 no 44 AOK Nordost – Die Gesundheitskasse 2,175 5,559 no 84 PIN Mail AG 1,071 1,071 yes 45 AWO Landesverband Berlin e. V. 2,130 9 2,130 yes 85 IAV GmbH 1,000 6,300 yes 46 Bundesdruckerei GmbH 2,033 2,232 yes 86 TÜV Rheinland Group 1,000 19,300 no 47 Randstad Deutschland 2,000 609,000 no 87 Sodexo Services GmbH 987 420,000 no 48 Berliner Werkstätten für Menschen mit Behinderung GmbH (BWB) 1,962 1,962 yes 88 Lelbach-Gruppe 967 2,800 yes 49 Deutsche Kreditbank AG (DKB) 1,940 3 3,116 8 yes 89 OTIS Gruppe 915 62,000 yes 15 50 Manpower GmbH & Co. KG Personaldienstleistungen 1,850 620,000 no 90 Franz Cornelsen Bildungsgruppe 911 1,859 yes 51 BT Berlin Transport GmbH 1,775 1,775 yes 91 Bär & Ollenroth-Gruppe 894 3 894 yes 52 dm-drogerie markt GmbH + Co. KG 1,749 52,062 10 no PricewaterhouseCoopers Aktiengesellschaft Wirtschafts­ 92 838 195,433 no prüfungsgesellschaft 53 GRG Services Berlin GmbH & Co. KG 1,710 3 3,400 yes 93 Ernst & Young GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft 827 203,696 no 54 Berliner Volksbank eG 1,705 1,986 yes 94 Schlosspark-Klinik GmbH 825 825 yes 55 KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft 1,673 3,10 162,000 yes 95 B. Braun Melsungen AG 805 54,017 no 56 EJF gemeinnützige AG 1,670 2,850 yes 96 GE Energy Power Conversion GmbH 789 7,800 no 57 Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (rbb) 1,657 3 1,971 yes 97 Pfefferwerk Stadtkultur gemeinnützige GmbH 789 789 yes 58 DIRK ROSSMANN GMBH 1,540 44,000 11 no 98 Immanuel Diakonie GmbH 782 3,032 yes 59 Deutsche Postbank AG 1,500 14,800 no 99 Capita (Berlin) 16 780 6,500 yes 60 PAREXEL International GmbH 1,500 16,000 no Source: CCI Berlin, 100 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Technologiezentrum Wäschepflege 774 49,876 17 no Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin Verein für Berufsgenossenschaftliche July 2015 61 1,486 1,486 yes Heilbehandlung Berlin e. V. Figures based on information provided by companies. 62 Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Stiftung des bürgerlichen Rechts 1,463 1,463 yes 63 BERLIN-CHEMIE AG 1,430 5,588 yes 1) headquarters in Berlin and Munich 10) declaration day: 30 September, 2014 64 Philip Morris GmbH 1,400 2,400 no 2) including independent retailers 11) as of: 15 April, 2015 65 Vitanas Gruppe 1,373 4,163 yes 3) in Berlin and Brandenburg 12) headquarters in Berlin and 66 Volkssolidarität Landesverband Berlin e. V. 1,354 16,714 12 yes 4) average 2014 13) declaration day: 21 August, 2014 67 Piepenbrock Unternehmensgruppe 1,347 26,606 no 5) Bayer-Konzern worldwide 14) The Coca-Cola Company including its licence partner 68 GASAG-Gruppe 1,334 1,595 yes 6) in europe 15) German headquarters of OTIS Deutschland in Berlin 7) as of: April, 2015 16) until 2014 avocis Deutschland GmbH 69 BASF 1,300 113,000 no 8) nationwide 17) declaration day: 21 December, 2013 70 TOTAL Gruppe 1,278 100,000 no 9) declaration day: 6 May, 2015 71 OSRAM GmbH 1,248 33,800 no 72 Lebenshilfe Berlin 1,188 1,188 yes 73 Knorr-Bremse Group 1,175 23,196 no 74 IKEA Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG 1,162 147,000 13 no 75 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH 1,160 1,160 yes 76 degewo Aktiengesellschaft 1,159 1,159 yes 77 Coca-Cola Deutschland 1,126 770,000 14 yes 78 Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH 1,126 1,126 yes 16 17 Section 4: Skilled crafts in Berlin

Total number of companies registered with the Chamber of Skilled Crafts Apprentices in Berlin 2004–2014 development in the past year skilled crafts by gender

25,000 as of entries deletions as of change 31 December 2013 2014 2014 31 December 2014

in % 20,000 main elements of the 5,127 395 693 4,829 - 298 - 5.8 construction trade 16,487 15,711 15,274 15,267 15,048 finishing elements of the 12,618 969 1,256 12,331 - 287 - 2.3 15,000 14,125 construction trade 13,055 11,907 trades for commercial needs 4,076 581 570 4,087 + 11 + 0.3 11,079 10,385 9,706 automotive trades 1,592 86 111 1,567 - 25 - 1.6 10,000 11,563

food trades 435 40 34 441 + 6 + 1.4 10,878 10,648 10,451 10,604 9,788 9,128

health industry 841 31 53 819 - 22 - 2.6 8,410 Source: Chamber of 7,879 7,416 personal services 6,358 556 555 6,359 + 1 + 0.0 5,000 6,984 Skilled Crafts Berlin, Source: Chamber of 4,924 4,833

total 31,047 2,658 3,272 30,433 - 614 - 2.0 4,663 4,597 4,626 January 2015 4,337 Skilled Crafts Berlin, 3,927 3,497 3,200 2,969 0 2,722 January 2015 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 male female total

Entrepreneurs of foreign origin registered with the Chamber of Skilled Crafts Passed master craftsman examinations in Berlin 2004–2014 as of 31 December, 2014 skilled crafts by gender

600 finishing elements of the construction trade – 1,477 500 481 489 497 trades for commercial needs – 916 460 455 personal services – 900 405 419 400 main elements of the 409 403

construction trade – 386 548 383 366 352

automotive trades – 138 345 4,050 300 335 322 305 303 302 food trades – 59 300 284 275 health industry – 12 200 154

Source: Chamber of 100 131 Source: Chamber of 117 115 114 95 91 104 102 Skilled Crafts Berlin, 103 68 Skilled Crafts Berlin, January 2015 0 January 2015 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 male female total

18 19 Section 5: Berlin Chamber of Commerce and Industry

CCI members* in Berlin Companies listed in the Berlin company register by economic sector, as of 31 December, 2014 by economic sectors, as of 31 December, 2014

companies listed in the Berlin small businesses total number manufacturing – 4.4% company register in Berlin energy and waste disposal – 1.2% manufacturing 4,312 3,000 7,312 construction – 3.4% energy and waste disposal 1,149 1,113 2,262 trade – construction 3,293 14,760 18,053 17.3% trade 16,797 36,438 53,235 transportation and storage – 2.0% transportation and storage 1,971 6,740 8,711 accomodation and food accomodation and food service activities 3,529 11,059 14,588 96,960 service activities – 3.6% information and communication 10,204 12,500 22,704 information and communication – 10.5% finance and insurance 4,500 6,815 11,315 finance and insurance – 4.6% business services 31,748 50,724 82,472 business services – 32.7% personal services 18,584 33,519 52,103 personal services – 19.2% Source: CCI Berlin, miscellaneous 873 638 1,511 miscellaneous – 0.9% January 2015 total 96,960 177,306 274,266 Source: CCI Berlin, January 2015 * Excluding second and further commercial activities or other dependent business premises. Total percentages may be more or less than 100 % owing to rounding up and down.

CCI members* in Berlin** Small businesses in Berlin by borough, as of 31 December, 2014 by economic sectors, as of 31 December, 2014

50,000 manufacturing – 1.7% energy and waste disposal – 0.6% 40,000 construction – 8.3% trade – 20.6% transportation and storage – 3.8% 30,000 accomodation and food 177,306 service activities – 6.2% information and communication – 7.0% 20,000 finance and insurance – 3.8% business services – 28.6% 10,000 personal services – 18.9% miscellaneous – 0.4% Source: CCI Berlin, Source: CCI Berlin, January 2015 0 January 2015 MaHe Span Lich Rein TrKö StZe Neuk TSch FrKr Pank Mitt ChWi Total percentages may be more or less than 100 % owing to rounding up and down.

* Excluding second and further commercial activities or other dependent business premises. ** Due to difficulties in assignments to boroughs, the sum of borough members may differ from the total number of CCI members. abbreviations see page 45

20 21 Section 6: Sectors in Berlin

Development of gross value added per working hour 2008–2014 Revenue in real terms and employment trends in retail 2014–2015 indices 2010 = 100, in real terms indices 2010 = 100 revenue employees 110 500 130 106.9 105 105.6 120 103.2 400

100 98.9 300 110 95 95.1 200 100 90

100 90 Source: macroeconomic 85 Source: Berlin-Branden- accounts of the federal burg State Office for states, April 2015 0 80 Statistics, March 2015 80 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2014 2014 2015 manufacturing (without construction) trade, transportation and storage, retail online businesses employees construction accomodation and food service activities, without motor vehicles information and communication finance, insurance and business services, real estate activities public and other services, education and health, individual households Retail sales remain at a high level Retail businesses in Berlin benefit from favou- online businesses have flourished. Online trade Revenue and employment trends in manufacturing 2007–2014 rable local conditions and the dynamic growth in is now estimated to account for between eleven local companies with 20 and more employees the economy and labour market as well as from and twelve percent of total retail sales in Berlin. strong domestic demand. Thus sales increased by In this respect the city is keeping pace with the 25,000 100,000 25 percent between 2010 and 2014. In a year- current trend in the rest of Germany: since 2009, on-year comparison, the high-spending months such sales have risen nationally by 3.9 percent of December and March stand out in particular, to reach 11.1 percent. Despite tough competi- 20,000 95,000 93,532 as turnover is traditionally higher at Christmas tion from online businesses, sales have remained and Easter than over the rest of the year. It is stable in Berlin’s retail premises. Time will tell the interesting to note that turnover in December extent to which these businesses too will turn 90,221 15,000 90,000 2014 was 20 percent up on the same month to new technology to assist with making sales, in the previous year. The Easter celebrations in communicating with customers and marketing 2015 also saw a 12 percent increase in retail their products, thereby perpetuating the sector’s employees 10,000 85,000 sales compared with the year before. There is positive success story.

revenue in million euros no end in sight to the remarkable way in which

5,000 80,000 Source: Berlin-Branden- burg State Office for 18,165 10,503 11,201 Statistics, June 2015 0 12,949 75,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 domestic revenue foreign revenue employees in million euros in million euros

22 23 Section 6: Sectors in Berlin

Revenue and employment trends in construction 2007–2014 Number of Berlin visitors and overnight stays 2004–2014 companies with 20 or more employees in millions

4,000 23,000 30

3,500 22,000 28.7 25 3,000 21,000 20,667 3,200 20 2,500 20,000 2,889 2,534 2,000 19,000 15 2,108 employees

1,500 17,729 18,000 13.3 10 1,000 17,000 7.4 Source: Berlin-Branden- 5 Source: Berlin-Branden- 500 16,000 number of companies and revenue in million euros 4.5 4.3

burg State Office for 1.6 burg State Office for Statistics, May 2015 0 15,000 0 Statistics, March 2015 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 number of companies revenue in million euros employees domestic guests foreign guests overnight stays

Development of passenger numbers in air traffic 2004–2014 Berlin tourists from abroad by country 2004–2014 Berlin compared to other major German airports, indices 2004 = 100 number of overnight stays per annum

220 1,500,000

200 1,200,000 188 180 900,000 160 149 148 140 143 600,000

120 116 300,000 Source: German Airports 100 Source: Berlin-Branden- Association, burg State Office for December 2014 80 0 Statistics, December 2014 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Berlin a.M. Munich Hamburg Dusseldorf United Kingdom Netherlands Spain France Italy USA Denmark

24 25 Section 6: Sectors in Berlin Section 7: Business Clusters in Berlin-Brandenburg

Structure of the Berlin service sector 2013 Healthcare industry cluster in Berlin and Brandenburg number of companies and employees

100% miscellaneous professional, scientific and 37 36 15 technical services – 24,227 90% information and communication – 7,717 80% 85 provision of other commercial 70% services – 7,117 64 real estate activities – 5,766 60% 63 companies transportation and storage – 2,933 50% 40% 30% 20% Source: Senate of Berlin, Department for Economy, 10% Technology and Research, 0% July 2015 20,902 companies* 321,601 employees** 20.2 revenue (in billion euros)* in Berlin in Brandenburg * as of 2012 ** as of 2013 miscellaneous professional, scientific and technical services – 127,955 information and communication – 64,232 provision of other commercial ICT, media and creative industries cluster in Berlin and Brandenburg services – 159,238 real estate activities – 26,831 100% 21 27 19 employees* transportation and storage – 72,109 90% 80% 79 81 70% 73

Source: Berlin-Branden- 60% burg State Office for 50% Statistics, July 2015 40% * number of employees as of 30 September, 2013 30% 20% Source: Senate of Berlin, Department for Economy, 10% Technology and Research, 0% July 2015 46,920 companies* 238,287 employees** 28.3 revenue (in billion euros)* in Berlin in Brandenburg * as of 2011 ** as of 2012

26 27 Section 7: Business Clusters in Berlin-Brandenburg

Transport, mobility and logistics industries cluster in Berlin and Brandenburg Power engineering cluster in Berlin and Brandenburg

100% 100% 51 49 41 49 36 27 90% 90% 80% 80%

70% 70% 73 60% 60% 64 59 50% 50% 51 49 51 40% 40% 30% 30% Source: Senate of Berlin, 20% 20% Source: Senate of Berlin, Department for Economy, Department for Economy, Technology and Research, 10% 10% Technology and Research, July 2015 0% 0% July 2015 17,589 companies* 192,412 employees** 31.9 revenue 6,318 companies* 56,483 employees** 30.1 revenue (in billion euros)* (in billion euros)* in Berlin in Brandenburg in Berlin in Brandenburg * as of 2012 * as of 2012 ** as of 2013 ** as of 2013

Optical industries cluster (including microsystems engineering) in Berlin and Brandenburg

100% 41 31 40 90% 80% 70% 69 60% 59 60 50% 40% 30% Source: Senate of Berlin, 20% Department for Economy, Technology and Research, 10% July 2015 0% 1,531 companies* 17,242 employees** 2.1 revenue (in billion euros)* in Berlin in Brandenburg * as of 2012 ** as of 2013

28 29 Section 8: Berlin education

Top ten sales and other training occupations* 2014 Recognition of foreign vocational qualifications at the CCI Berlin at the CCI Berlin, report for 1 April, 2012* until the end of February, 2015

Retail management assistant (m/f) Countries of origin and occupations of foreign training (CCI Berlin) 15% Hotel industry expert (m/f) About 2,400 consultations for more than 3,600 people since 1 April, 2012. Management assistant for Those seeking recognition underwent training in about 95 different countries. office communication (m/f) 33% Poland, and Turkey are the most prominent countries in this regard. Chef (m/f) 10% The main occupational groups have been office and electrical occupations. Salesperson (m/f) Applicants‘ main reason usually was to return to employment in a job matching their qualifications.

17,337 Office manager (m/f) Applications from CCI Berlin district covered by to IHK FOSA (Foreign Skills Approval) 435 Industrial management assistant (m/f) Number of recognition rulings 320 10% Full equivalence 185 Management assistant in Source: CCI Berlin, wholesale and foreign trade (m/f) Partial equivalence 135 3% January 2015 3% Real estate management assistant (m/f) 6% *when the Professional Qualifications Assessment Act-BQFG-entered into force 4% Banking professional (m/f) Source: CCI Berlin, 4% 6% January 2015 6% other sales occupations

* Share in total number of sales and other training occupations

Top ten commercial-technical training occupations* 2014 Recognition of foreign vocational qualifications at the CCI Berlin at the Chamber of Skilled Crafts Berlin, report for 1 April, 2012* until the end of February, 2015

Specialized computer scientist (m/f) Countries of origin and occupations of foreign training (Chamber of Skilled Crafts Berlin) 14% Mechatronics technician (m/f) About 750 consultations have been carried out for more than 950 people since 1 April, 2012. Electronics technician (m/f) Those seeking recognition underwent training in about 35 different countries. 32% Industrial mechanic (m/f) Poland, Greece, Spain and Turkey are the most prominent countries in this regard. 12% The main occupational groups were electrical engineering, automotive engineering and joiner. Electronics technician for information and In our function as a management chamber for Turkey about 50 expert evidences has been done. telecommunications systems (m/f) 6,557 Applicants’ main reason usually was to enter employment, return to employment or to practise the trade they had learned. Digital and print media designer (m/f) Event technician (m/f) Applications received by the Chamber of Skilled Crafts Berlin 96 11% Number of recognition rulings 44** 3% Metal cutting mechanic (m/f) Full equivalence 3% relates to the following occupations: Hairdresser, Beautician, Optician, Electronics technicians, Information electronics, Automotiv mechatronics technician (m/f) 15 4% Motor vehicle mechatronics­ technician, Motor vehicle body and vehicle construction mechanic, Dental technician, Vehicle 10% Chemical laboratory technician (m/f) Source: CCI Berlin, 4% spray painter, Plant mechanic 4% January 2015 5% other commercial-technical occupations Partial equivalence Source: Chamber of relates to the following occupations: Plant mechanic, Dental technician, Electronics technicians, Metalworker, Joiner, 25 Skilled Crafts Berlin, * Share in total number of commercial-technical occupations Confectioner, Motor vehicle mechatronics technician, Mechatronics Technician for Refrigeration Technology January 2015 Countries of origin of immigrants granted full or partial equivalence by the Chamber of Skilled Crafts Berlin: Poland, Spain, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Latvia, Finland, Tunisia, Morocco, Syria, Honduras, Australia *when the Professional Qualifications Assessment Act-BQFG-entered into force 30 ** four rejections 31 Section 9: Science location Berlin

Science institutions in Berlin R&D staff in the private sector 2013 number of universities and non-university research institutions in Berlin and Germany by research intensity of economic sector

public universities Berlin Germany 10% 4 15% 24% art schools 5

universities of applied sciences 14% 43% 7 11,408 360,375 35% private universities

Source: Senate of Berlin, 26 Department for Education, Source: Donors‘ associa- non-university research institutes Youth and Science, July tion for the promotion of 2014; Technology Founda- 67 humanities and sciences in 47% tion Berlin, February 2013 12% Germany, July 2015

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 advanced technology (more than 9 % R&D expenditure/revenue) knowledge-intensive services high-quality technology (3-9 % R&D expenditure/revenue) miscellaneous

Total percentages may be more or less than 100 % owing to rounding up and down.

Public and private R&D staff 2013* R&D expenditures in the private sector 2013 share of employees subject to compulsory social insurance by federal state, full-time equivalents in Berlin and Germany by research intensity of economic sector

3.5% Berlin Germany 10% 12% 3.0% 25%

2.5% 2.56 12% 23% 2.0% 1.98 Source: Federal Statistical 1,682 m euros 53,566 m euros 1.5% Office of Germany, Donors‘ 57% association for the pro- 1.20 motion of humanities and 1.0% sciences in Germany, Source: Donors‘ associa- 11% Federal Employment 0.5% tion for the promotion of Agency of Germany, humanities and sciences in 51% July 2015 0.0% Germany, July 2015 ST MV SL BB SH TH NW RP HH NI SN DE HE HB BY BE BW advanced technology (more than 9 % R&D expenditure/revenue) knowledge-intensive services * full-time equivalents high-quality technology (3-9 % R&D expenditure/revenue) miscellaneous abbreviations see page 45

Total percentages may be more or less than 100 % owing to rounding up and down.

32 33 Section 9: Science location Berlin

R&D in Berlin’s SMEs and large companies 2011 and 2013 Students from abroad by federal state expenditure on R&D (in million euros) / R&D staff as of winter semester 2014/15

100% 27% 1,047 1,360 7,104 7,474 90,000 90% 80,000 24% 80% 70,000 21% 70% 60,000 17.1% 18% 60% 14.4% 50,000 15% 50% 40,000 12% share 40% R&D staff

4,237 students from abroad 30,000 9% 30% 3,934 R&D expenditures

Source: Donors‘ associa- 20% 354 20,000 29,255 6% tion for the promotion of 322 Source: Federal Statistical 10,000 3% humanities and sciences in 10% Office of Germany, Germany, July 2015 0% 0 0% March 2015 2011 2013 2011 2013 MV SH SL HB TH ST BB HH RP SN NI BE HE BY BW NW small businesses* large businesses* students from abroad share of students from abroad

*Small and medium enterprises (SME) encompass enterprises up to 249 empolyees. abbreviations see page 45 Companies that exceed this number are referred to as large businesses.

A spirit of innovation benefits businesses regardless of size Third-party funds raised per professor by federal state 2012 Innovations are generally the product of research unlike SMEs large companies are usually in a in euros and development. So spending a lot on invest- position to maintain their own R&D divisions. ment and staffing in its R&D division is likely to Whilst, even in absolute terms, large companies 400,000 have a positive impact on the innovative capa- have increased their R&D expenditure and staff city of a business. Berlin’s economy depends numbers since 2011, it comes somewhat as a 350,000 largely on its medium-sized sector: enterprises surprise that R&D investment and employment employing fewer than 250 people. Yet some 80 at SME level showed a decline, also in absolute 300,000 percent (approx. 1.3 billion euros) of the total terms, between 2011 and 2013. Thus investment funding dedicated to R&D by companies in in R&D in Berlin’s SMEs fell by approx. 32 million 250,000

Berlin is invested by those with 250 or more euros from 2011 to 2013. What’s more, the 279,760 employees. Moreover, in terms of the number of equivalent of more than three hundred full-time 200,000 people working in R&D, there is a clear prepon- jobs were lost in the R&D divisions of SMEs. This

derance in favour of large companies. Despite the seems particularly astonishing given the many 150,000 198,600 economic structure of the capital, with its heavy new start-ups in Berlin, which have clearly been 100,000 reliance on small and medium-sized businesses, unable to offset the downward trend in R&D at these figures are hardly surprising, because SMEs. 50,000 Source: Federal Statis-

21,460 tical Office of Germany, 71,130 0 November 2014 RP ST MV SH SL BB HE HH TH NI NW DE BY BE HB BW SN at universities* at universities of applied sciences**

* excluding medical institutes/health care sciences ** excluding public administration colleges abbreviations see page 45 34 35 Section 9: Science location Berlin Section 10: Foreign trade in Berlin

Patent applications by federal state, 2014 Berlin imports by top-ten commodity groups 2014 per 100,000 inhabitants in million euros

150 communications equipment – 516.4 shoes – 478.0 120 power machines (except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines) – 388.2 electricity production and 90 distribution equipment – 378.6 chassis, engines and other parts 3,554 m euros for motor vehicles – 315.9 60 medical equipment and orthopaedic appliances – 283.7 vehicles, n.e.c. – 220.0 30 returned goods– 213.4 Source: Federal Statistical 25 Source: Federal Statistical Office of Germany, basic pharmaceutical products – 204.2 Office of Germany, September 2014 0 other non-allocated goods – 544.9 July 2015 ST MV BB SH SL HB SN BE TH RP HE NI NW HH BY BW

abbreviations see page 45

University-spin-offs in Berlin-Brandenburg* Berlin exports by top-ten commodity groups 2014 per annum in million euros

80 basic pharmaceutical products – 1,342.4 electricity production and 70 distribution equipment – 1,230.9 vehicles n.e.c. – 1,033.1 60 power machines (except aircraft, 50 vehicle and cycle engines) – 841.5 raw tobacco and tobacco products – 811.3 40 7,670 m euros medical equipment and orthopaedic appliances – 639.8 30 chassis, engines and other parts for motor vehicles – 518.1 20 communications equipment – 438.5 10 petroleum products – 428.8 Source: Federal Statistical Source: Technology Foun- measurement, control and monitoring Office of Germany, dation Berlin, July 2014 0 technology products – 385.6 July 2015 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

*ten major universities surveyed in Berlin and Brandenburg

36 37 Section 10: Foreign trade in Berlin

Berlin imports by country 2013/2014 Export ratio by federal state 2014 in million euros exports in percent of GDP

1,600 60 %

1,400 50 % 1,200 40 % 1,000 39

800 30 %

600 20 % 21 400 Source: Federal Statistical 10 % 11 Source: Federal Statistical 200 Office of Germany, Office of Germany, May 2015, July 2015 0 0 % own calculations Czech United Switzerland China USA France Netherlands Poland Italy BE MV BB SH HE TH ST NW NI BY SN RP DE SL BW HH HB Republic Kingdom abbreviations see page 45 2013 2014 Berlin still holds the wooden spoon It is not by accident that Germany has been discrepancy between Berlin and the two Hanse- awarded the title of the world‘s champion atic cities is also reflected in the different types exporter: its export rate tends to be high, fluc- of goods which tend to be exported by Berlin Berlin exports by country 2013/2014 tuating between 34 and 41 percent in the last and the top performer, Bremen: whilst Berlin’s in million euros six years. The graph provides an overview of most important category of export products lies p. 65 1,600 Germany’s export rate and those of its federal in the pharmaceutical and (high) tech sector , states. One can hardly fail to notice that both Bremen mainly exports motor vehicles, metals 1,400 Berlin and Brandenburg lie well below the nati- and feedstuffs. Yet Berlin and Bremen do have onal average. Berlin has staunchly occupied the one thing in common: for both federal states, 1,200 bottom place in Germany since 2008, with rates the USA is by far the most important export which have wavered between eleven and thir- market p. 66. The development and production of 1,000 teen percent. Brandenburg too is stuck in the modern technologies in innovative sectors such bottom third, with export rates of between 20 as the healthcare and energy industries offer 800 and 24 percent. It is hardly surprising that the Berlin major opportunities to open up more top places in the rankings go to the port cities of new export markets in developing and emerging 600 Bremen and Hamburg, which continue to domi- countries in the years to come. nate the table as in previous years. The wide 400

Source: Federal Statistical 200 Office of Germany, July 2015 0 Czech Saudi- Italy Russian United China Netherlands France Poland USA Republic Arabia Federation Kingdom

2013 2014

38 39 Section 11: Berlin-Brandenburg

Population development in Berlin conurbation* 2004-2014 Unemployment rate in Berlin and Brandenburg as of June 2015 in percent, based on civilian labour force census 2011 5,000,000 14%

12% 4,000,000

4,397,433 10% 10.5 4,245,868 10.0 9.4 3,000,000 8% 8.3

3,466,164

3,387,828

2,000,000 6% 5.5 5.5 4% Source: Berlin-Branden- 1,000,000 burg State Office for 2% Source: Federal Employ- Statistics, June 2015, ment Agency of Germany,

931,269

858,040 own calculations 0 0% June 2015 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014** Berlin Berlin outer Berlin Berlin outer outer Brandenburg* conurbation* conurbation* conurbation* Brandenburg* Berlin Berlin outer conurbation Berlin conurbation *explanations see page 44f * explanations see page 44f **as of: 30 November, 2014 Increasing employment in Berlin has an impact beyond the city itself Given Berlin’s special role as a capital, a metro- Brandenburg p. 39. The hinterland of Berlin, i.e., polis and a city state, it makes little sense to the communities in the state of Brandenburg Taxable turnover in Berlin and Brandenburg, 2005 and 2013 consider its labour market in isolation from which encircle Berlin and are home to many of in billion euros the surrounding area. Thus creating jobs in its commuters, have an unemployment rate of 250 Berlin has beneficial repercussions on employ- just 5.5 percent. So the aggregate unemployment ment well beyond the city boundaries. In June rate for the urban area of Berlin – the state itself 226 2015, Berlin’s unemployment rate stood at 10.5 and its hinterland – stands at 9.4 percent. And if 200 percent; in absolute terms, this translates to a one considers the outer Brandenburg (Branden- 194 jobless total of 191,613. In this respect, Berlin burg excluding Berlin’s hinterland), whose 10.0 continues to lag behind the state of Branden- percent unemployment rate lies well above the 150 burg (8.3 percent, or 109,860 people out of state’s average, then the importance of Berlin’s 150 work). But this comparison is misleading, as hinterland for the labour market in Brandenburg 128 evidenced by the figures for Berlin’s outer conur- becomes readily apparent. 100 bation – also known as hinterland – and outer

77 Source: Berlin-Branden- 50 60 burg State Office for 45 39 Statistics, March 2015, 32 21 own calculations 0 Berlin Berlin conurbation* Brandenburg* Berliner outer outer conurbation* Brandenburg*

2005 2013 *explanations see page 44f

40 41 The symbiotic relationship between Berlin and Brandenburg 29 net increase of enterprises 17,365 euros state debt per capita 20,668 per 10,000 inhabitants in Berlin number of relocations to in Berlin The territories of Berlin and Brandenburg are spatially interdependent. Berlin’s hinterland in particu- the Berlin outer conurbation -3 lar, popularly referred to as the capital’s ‘spare tyre’, forms a symbiotic whole with the metropolitan net increase of enterprises 8,268 euros 13,688 state debt per capita area. This hinterland is home to 154,000 of Berlin’s commuters, while nearly 67,000 Berliners are number of relocations per 10,000 inhabitants in Brandenburg employed there. Companies which need more for expansion than they can not find in the city often to Berlin in Brandenburg invest in sites here. The burgeoning economic powerhouse of the metropolis is having an extremely Mecklenburg- positive impact on the labour market in surrounding communities: with a jobless rate of just over five Western Pomerania percent, there is practically full employment in the region. Berlin and its hinterland constitute the driving force behind the economy in eastern Germany, which is proceeding full steam ahead and is also having a knock-on effect on the rural areas of Brandenburg. For instance, tourism in the state of Brandenburg benefits from city-dwellers and visitors to Berlin, who find in Brandenburg the peaceful and recuperative antithesis to the noise and bustle of the metropolis.

Prignitz

Gross value added in Berlin and Brandenburg 2014 Ostprignitz- in billion euros, by economic sector Ruppin POLAND economic sector Berlin Brandenburg Lower manufacturing* 13,144 12,386 3,466,164 Saxony Berlin's population construction 4,152 3,905 Märkisch- trade, transportation and warehousing, accomodation and 22,504 9,518 2,464,400 Oderland food service activities, information and communication Brandenburg's population P-M Berlin finance, insurance and business services, 32,948 13,880 P real estate activities B public and other service providers, education and health, Berlin outer conurbation* F 32,729 15,982 private households Saxony- Potsdam- Oder-Spree * including agriculture, forestry and fisheries Anhalt Mittelmark - B Brandenburg an der Fläming C Economic structure in Berlin and Brandenburg 2014 Dahme-Spreewald F Frankfurt (Oder) gross value added by economic sector, in percent P Potsdam economic sector Berlin Brandenburg C Ober- manufacturing* 12.6 22.3 - spree- Spree-Neiße construction 3.9 7.0 11.1% Elster wald- trade, transportation and warehousing, accomodation and unemployment rate 21.3 17.1 Lausitz food service activities, information and communication in Berlin finance, insurance and business services, 31.2 24.9 real estate activities 9.4% unemployment rate public and other service providers, education and health, Saxony 31.0 28.7 in Brandenburg private households * including agriculture, forestry and fisheries 31,504 euros gross domestic product per capita 78,284 Private R&D expenditures per R&D employee 2013 in Berlin commuters to Brandenburg federal state euros 193,915 Berlin 147,440 24,231 euros Einwohnercommuters in Brandenburgfrom Berlin gross domestic product Brandenburg 87,350 Brandenburg Brandenburg per capita in Brandenburg 42 *geographical terms relating to the region are explained on p. 44f 43 Explanations

Geographical terms relating to the Byhlen, , Golßen Stadt, Groß Köris, , , Groß Kreutz (Havel), Ra- terbog Stadt, Stadt, Niedergörsdorf, region* Halbe, , , , Kasel-Gol- benstein/Fläming, Rosenau, , Seddiner Niederer Fläming, Nuthe-, and zig, Krausnick-Groß Wasserburg, Stadt, See, Stadt, , Wiesen- from the District of Teltow Fläming. Berlin is a city-state, one of the German federal Lübben (Spreewald) Stadt, Stadt, Mär- burg/Mark, Wollin, and Stadt states. kisch Buchholz Stadt, Märkische Heide, Mün- from the District of Potsdam-Mittelmark and Brandenburg encompasses the Berlin outer co- chehofe, , Rietzneuendorf-Staakow, the boroughs of , Baruth/Mark nurbation and outer Brandenburg. The Berlin outer conurbation is comprised of , Schönwald, Schwerin, , Stadt, Dahme/Mark Stadt, , Ihlow, Jü- Potsdam (a county borough), the boroughs of , , , , , , Wand- Stadt and from the District of litz and from the District of Bar- Dahme-Spreewald, the boroughs of nim, the boroughs of , Königs Wuster- Stadt, , Großderschau, , hausen, , Schönefeld, , , Kleßen-Görne, , Märkisch Luch, and from the District of Dah- , Mühlenberge, , Nennhau- me-Spreewald, the boroughs of , Dall- sen, , , Stadt, Rat- Abbrevations gow-Döberitz, , Schönwalde-Glien and henow Stadt, , Stadt, , BE Berlin from the District of Havelland, the Stechow-Ferchesar and from the BB Brandenburg boroughs of , Fredersdorf-Vogels- District of Havelland, the boroughs of Alt Tu- BW Baden-Wuerttemberg dorf, , , Pe- cheband, (Oder) Stadt, Beiers­ BY Bavaria tershagen/Eggersdorf, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin and dorf-Freudenberg, Bleyen-Genschmar, , DE Germany from the District of Märkisch-Oder- (Märkische Schweiz) Stadt, Falkenberg, HB Bremen land, the boroughs of Birkenwerder, Glienicke/ (Mark), Fichtenhöhe, Garzau-Garzin, HE Hesse Uckermark Nordbahn, , , Lee- , Gusow-Platkow, Heckelberg Brunow, HH Hamburg gebruch, Mühlenbecker Land, Oberkrämer, Ora- Höhenland, Küstriner Vorland, Stadt, Let- MV Mecklenburg-Western nienburg and from the District of Ober- schin, , , Märkische Höhe, Mün- Pomerania havel, the boroughs of , Gosen-Neu Zittau, cheberg Stadt, , , Neu- Ostprignitz- NI Ruppin Oberhavel Grünheide (Mark), Schöneiche bei Berlin and trebbin, , , , Prötzel, Barnim NW North Rhine-Westphalia Woltersdorf from the District of Oder-Spree, , Reichenow-Möglin, , RP Rhineland-Palatinate the boroughs of , , Stadt, , , , Wrie- SH Schleswig-Holstein SL Saarland , Schwielowsee, , Teltow and zen Stadt, and from the District Märkisch- (Havel) from the District of Potsdam- of Märkisch-Oderland, the boroughs of Fürsten- Havelland Oderland SN Saxony Mittelmark as well as the boroughs of Blanken- berg/Havel Stadt, Stadt, Großwolters- ST Saxony-Anhalt

felde-Mahlow, Großbeeren, and dorf, , Stadt, Löwenberger P-M TH Thuringia from the District of Teltow-Fläming. Land, Schönermark, , and P B B Stadt from the District of Oberhavel, F C Cottbus The Berlin conurbation encompasses the State the boroughs of , Stadt, Ber- Berlin districts F Frankfurt (Oder) P Potsdam Oder-Spree of Berlin and the outer conurbation. kenbrück, (Mark), Brieskow-Finkenheerd, Potsdam- ChWi Charlottenburg- Diensdorf-Radlow, Eisenhüttenstadt Stadt, Fried- Mittelmark Wilmersdorf Outer Brandenburg is comprised of the towns land Stadt, Fürstenwalde/Spree, Groß Lindow, Teltow- FrKr Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg Fläming Brandenburg, Cottbus, Frankfurt (Oder), the Grunow-Dammendorf, , , Dahme-Spreewald Lich Lichtenberg Districts of Elbe-Elster, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, , Madlitz-Wilmersdorf, , Müllrose MaHe Marzahn-Hellersdorf Ostprignitz-Ruppin, Prignitz, Spree-Neiße and Stadt, Neißemünde, , Ragow-Merz, Rau- Mitt Uckermark as well as the boroughs of Althüt- en, , Rietz-Neuendorf, , Berlin C Neuk Neukölln tendorf, Stadt, , Britz, , , , Steinhöfel, Storkow Ober- Pank Pankow Spree-Neiße Stadt, , , (Mark) Stadt, , Vogelsang, , Berlin outer conurbation Elbe- spree- Rein Reinickendorf Elster wald- * Terms analogue to Hohensaaten, Joachimsthal Stadt, , Lunow- and from the District of Lausitz Span definition in 2009 State Stolzenhagen, Marienwerder, , Nie- Oder-Spree, the boroughs of , , Berlin conurbation StZe Steglitz-Zehlendorf Development Plan of derfinow, Stadt, , Rüdnitz, , Belzig Stadt, , Borkhei- TSch Tempelhof-Schöneberg Berlin-Brandenburg Schorfheide, Sydower Fließ and Ziethen from the de, , Brück Stadt, , Golzow, Outer Brandenburg TrKö Treptow-Köpenick District of Barnim, the boroughs of Alt Zauche- Görzke, Gräben, Stadt, , 44 Wußwerk, , , Byhleguhre- , Mühlenfließ, Stadt, Päwesin, 45 Imprint

Published by Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) Berlin Fasanenstraße 85 10623 Berlin Telephone: +49 30 31510-0 Telefax: +49 30 31510-166 E-mail: [email protected] www.ihk-berlin.de

Chamber of Skilled Crafts Berlin Blücherstraße 68 10961 Berlin Telephone: +49 30 25903-01 Telefax: +49 30 25903-235 E-mail: [email protected] www.hwk-berlin.de

Editorial Deadline September 2015

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