Internationalization in higher education in the Netherlands
key figures 2009 1 Introduction
Nuffic is the Netherlands organization for international cooperation in higher education. We support the internationalization of Dutch higher education and scientific research and help improve access to higher education worldwide. This also involves the publication of studies and figures about the internationalization of Dutch higher education, to provide visibility into trends and developments in mobility.
Key Figures 2009 provides a quick overview of internationalization in higher education in the Netherlands. A distinction is made between diploma mobility, where the student aims to complete an academic programme and gain a diploma or a degree abroad, and credit mobility, where the student enriches his study ‘at home’ with a study component or a placement abroad.
An indication is given of foreign students in the Netherlands, where they come from and in which study phase they attend courses. Also the ten most popular Dutch universities are listed, in terms of absolute numbers of foreign students and in terms of the foreign student population as a percentage of the total student population of the university.
Furthermore, the number of Dutch students abroad is given, as well as the countries where most of them register. Finally, information is provided on percentages of graduates who went abroad during the course of their study, and on universities with high scores on outward credit mobility.
It is well known that Dutch society is very internationally oriented. Dutch universities who rank in the top ten in terms of percentages of foreign students out of their total student population and in terms of percentages of students gaining credits abroad during their study, can be considered to be even more internationally minded.
For more detailed information on the internationalization of Dutch education, please see the annual Internationalization Monitor of Education in the Netherlands 2008, which can be downloaded or ordered in print via www.nuffic.nl/mobility.
1 General
Higher education in the Netherlands n u m b e r o f s t u d e n t s in t h e netherlands (2008-09)
219,018 382,878 601,896 at 13 research universities at 41 universities of applied sciences total
= 10,000 students
e n g l i s h -t a u g h t p r o g r a m m e s
1,040 415 1,455 degree programmes non-degree total programmes
= 50 English-taught programmes
Mobility trends d i p l o m a mobility * c r e d i t mobility ** Inbound: up Inbound: no data Outbound: up Outbound: slightly up
* Diploma mobility: to complete a study programme abroad. ** Credit mobility: to gain credits abroad for the study at home.
2 3 Foreign students in the Netherlands (academic year 2008-09)
Number of foreign students
Diploma mobility Credit mobility
76,000 total 33,000* 17,850 7,250 17,900 EU+EFTA non-EU+EFTA exchange other credit mobile students enrolled students enrolled students students**
= 1,500 students
f i g u r e s s h o w n a r e r o u n d e d 44,800 in publicly funded higher education 6,050 in privately funded higher education
* Including an estimated 2,600 students in privately funded higher education. ** Country of origin unknown.
2 3 Countries and continents of origin (diploma and credit mobility) f o r e i g n s t u d e n t s in t h e netherlands *
Germany
19,750
China 5,000
Belgium 2,500
Spain 1,950
France 1,650
Indonesia 1,350
Italy 1,350 Vietnam 450 Colombia 200
US 1,300 Czech Republic 400 Australia 200
Poland 1,300 Iran 350 Cameroon 200
UK 1,150 Pakistan 350 Latvia 200
Turkey 1,100 Taiwan 300 Slovakia 150
Bulgaria 1,050 Canada 300 Ghana 150
Greece 850 Ethiopia 300 Tanzania 150
Surinam 600 Mexico 300 Saudi Arabia 150
Rumania 550 Japan 300 Switzerland 150
India 550 Thailand 250 Kenya 150
Finland 550 Brazil 250 Slovenia 150
Portugal 500 Denmark 250 Uganda 150
Austria 450 Nepal 250 Israel 150
Russia 450 Nigeria 250 Philippines 100
Sweden 450 Lithuania 200 Singapore 100
Norway 450 Ireland 200 Zimbabwe 100
Hungary 450 Morocco 200 South Africa 100
South Korea 450 Ukraine 200
Source: CFI, IND, Nuffic
* Above 100, rounded at 50’s.
4 5 = 100 students
38,000 1,600
11,750
2,700
1,200
200
Total number of foreign students in the Netherlands: 76,000**
** 55,450 as indicated on the map plus roughly 2,600 from unspecified EU and EFTA countries and 17,950 students of unknown origin.
4 5 Diploma mobility
Compared to other countries
p e r c e n t a g e o f t o t a l n u m b e r o f e n r o l l e d s t u d e n t s s t u d e n t s e n r o l l e d , w i t h a f o r e i g n a c a d e m i c y e a r 2006-07 nationality
General trend Netherlands* 590,121 6.4% f o r e i g n s t u d e n t s in p u b l i c l y f u n d e d d u t c h h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n
Belgium 393,687 10.5% 44,781 40,779 Germany 2,278,897 11.3% 36,693 34,090 28,194 Denmark 232,194 9.0%
Finland 309,163 3.3%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: CFI Sweden 413,710 10.3%
Source: OECD
* Foreign students in publicly funded higher education.
6 7 t o t a l n u m b e r o f s t u d e n t s e n r o l l e d , p e r c e n t a g e o f e n r o l l e d s t u d e n t s a c a d e m i c y e a r 2006-07 w i t h a f o r e i g n nationality
8.0%
Total of 21 EU countries 17,338,626
3.4%
US 17,758,870
3.1%
Japan 4,032,625
Source: OECD
6 7 Degree cycle of enrolled foreign students f o r e i g n s t u d e n t s in p u b l i c l y f u n d e d e d u c a t i o n , p e r p h a s e in 2008-09
post-master’s trad. bachelor’s master’s 1%
master’s 22%
bachelor’s 77%
2008-09 bachelor’s 34,482 master’s 9,974 trad. bachelor’s master’s 267 post-master’s 58 Total 44,781
Source: CFI
8 9 f o r e i g n s t u d e n t s a t d u t c h h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n institutions p e r p h a s e in 2008-09
At universities of applied sciences
At research universities
44% 56%
53% 47% 96% 4% bachelor’s cycle master’s cycle bachelor’s cycle master’s cycle
Source: CFI
= 10%
Popular subject areas of enrolled foreign students At research universities At universities of applied sciences
1. Economics 1. Economics 2. Behaviour & Society 2. Language & Culture 3. Technology 3. Behaviour & Society 4. Language & Culture 4. Technology
Source: CFI
8 9 Popular universities
Top 10 institutions: Number of foreign students in 2008-09*
1,943 Hanze University of 1,495 Applied Sciences 10 6 Stenden University of Applied Sciences
University of Amsterdam 2,649 1587 1,848
7 Saxion University of 2,112
6 1415 3 Applied Sciences 1178 Delft University of Technology 2,266
5 10 5 8 1,546 HAN University of Erasmus University 4 Applied Sciences
9 2,861
Rotterdam 5,077
Fontys University 2 of Applied Sciences 1,834
8 Zuyd University of 1 Applied Sciences
Maastricht University
Source: CFI
= students at research university = students at university of applied sciences
* Numbers of centrally registered foreign students. Due to the presence of non-centrally registered foreign students, notably of inbound credit mobile students, actual numbers and percentages are often higher.
10 11 Top 10 institutions: foreign students as percentages of the total student population per institution in 2008-09* 20% Amsterdam School 9 Stenden University of of the Arts Applied Sciences
Gerrit Rietveld
Academy 43% 23%
6 ArteZ Institute 23%
35% of the Arts 2 5
Hotelschool The Hague 20% 46% 4 10
Royal Academy of Fine 22% Arts, Music and Dance 7 Wageningen University
1 Codarts University for the Arts 20% 8 Design Academy Eindhoven 39%
3 Maastricht University
Source: CFI
= students at research university = students at university of applied sciences
* Percentages of centrally registered foreign students. Due to the presence of non-centrally registered foreign students, notably of inbound credit mobile students, actual numbers and percentages are often higher.
10 11 Dutch students abroad (academic year 2006-07)
d u t c h s t u d e n t s a b r o a d Diploma mobility Credit mobility
44,350 Total 11,850 2,900 5,700 23,900 enrolled enrolled exchange other credit mobile within the EU outside the EU students students*
= 1,000 students
destination c o u n t r i e s a n d c o n t i n e n t s (d i p l o m a a n d c r e d i t mobility)*
UK 5,000
Belgium 3,650
Germany 1,950
US 1,600
Sweden 1,150
France 1.100
Spain 1.100
Finland 400
Italy 400
Denmark 350
Switzerland 350
Canada 300
Norway 300
Austria 250
Australia 250
Ireland 200
Portugal 150
Turkey 150 Total number of Dutch students abroad: 44,350 = 100 students
Source: OECD, Nuffic
* Above 100, rounded at 50’s. Please note that the destination of a roughly estimated 23,950 credit mobile students is not known.
12 13 1,950 17,900
250
no data
no data
300
Total number of Dutch students abroad: 44,350**
Source: OECD, Nuffic
** 20,400 as indicated on the map, plus roughly 23,950 students of whom the destination is unknown.
12 13 Diploma mobility
t o t a l n u m b e r o f p e r c e n t a g e o f s t u d e n t s e n r o l l e d , s t u d e n t s e n r o l l e d in a c a d e m i c y e a r 2006-07 a n o t h e r c o u n t r y
Netherlands 590,121 2.5%
General trend
2.7% d u t c h s t u d e n t s s t u d y i n g f o r a d i p l o m a a b r o a d Belgium 393,687
3.9% Germany 2,278,897 14,722 14,194 13,238
12,886 3.0%
12,465 Denmark 232,194
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Finland 309,163 3.2% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: OECD
Sweden 413,710 3.8%
Source: OECD
14 15 t o t a l n u m b e r o f s t u d e n t s e n r o l l e d , p e r c e n t a g e o f s t u d e n t s a c a d e m i c y e a r 2006-07 e n r o l l e d in a n o t h e r c o u n t r y
2.9%
Total of 21 EU countries 17,338,626
0.3%
US 17,758,870
1.4%
Japan 4,032,625
Source: OECD
15 Outbound credit mobility
General trend
% o f g r a d u a t e s r e p o r t i n g o u t b o u n d c r e d i t mobility d u r i n g t h e i r s t u d y 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 41.6 40.1 38.3 38.6 36.1 36.0 36.1 31.6 31.3 29.4 29.1 28.4 26.9 25.3 25.9 24.2 23.2 23.1 22.8 22.0 20.1 20.2 18.3 19.4 18.6 17.2
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: ROA
= higher professional education = academic higher education = higher education
Subject areas where credit mobility is popular At research universities At universities of applied sciences
1. Agriculture 1. Agriculture 2. Technology 2. Economics 3. Healthcare 3. Healthcare 4. Science 4. Language & Culture
16 17 Credit mobility: for study or for practical training?
r e s e a r c h universities universities o f a p p l i e d s c i e n c e s
19% 19%
48% 61%
33% 20%
Source: ROA
= education = work placement = both
16 17 Universities where outbound credit mobility is popular
Top 10 institutions: outbound credit mobility, 2006-07 graduates 32.12%
10 CHN University of Applied Sciences 44.02% 84.28% 1587 Aeres Group University of Twente* 6 46.69% 46.36% 57.95% 40.25% 6 Van Hall Larenstein University 1178 of Applied Sciences Delft University of 10 5 8 4 Technology* 28 Wageningen University* 40.30%
NHTV Breda University 1 Eindhoven University 39.37% of Applied Sciences 7 of Technology*
9 52.14%
HAS Den Bosch
3 Maastricht University*
Source: ROA
= students at research university = students at university of applied sciences
* Data from 2005-06.
18 19 18 19 www.nuffic.nl
Kortenaerkade 11 / P.O. Box 29777 2502 LT The Hague / The Netherlands p +31 70 4260 260 / f +31 70 4260 399
Nuffic is the Netherlands organization for international cooperation in higher education. Our motto is Linking Knowledge Worldwide. And everything we’ve done since our foundation in 1952 has been driven by this mission. Whichever way you look at it, Linking Knowledge Worldwide means bringing people together, because it’s knowledge that makes us unique as people. Linking knowledge means linking people. What we love about knowledge is that you can’t give it away. You can only share it with others. This sharing often leads to the creation of new knowledge. And so we add to the wealth of knowledge on our planet by communicating with each other and by forming networks to share it in. Nuffic is a proud exponent of Linking Knowledge Worldwide.
Nuffic works in line with Dutch government policy to serve students and higher education institutions in three key areas:
Capacity Building & Scholarships Administrating international mobility programmes (scholarships) and institutional cooperation programmes.
Communication Providing information about higher education systems in the Netherlands and in other countries; providing credential evaluation services; providing information in the Netherlands about studying abroad, and in other countries about studying in Holland; promoting Dutch higher education in other countries; encouraging international mobility.
Knowledge & Innovation Conducting studies into international cooperation in higher education; providing information to expert groups and consultation forums; transferring our knowledge of international cooperation in higher education through courses and seminars. © Nuffic, November 2009
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The information in this publication was compiled with the utmost care. Nevertheless, Nuffic is unable to guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the data. The information may have changed or been amended in the interim. Nuffic accepts no liability whatsoever in respect of the information. You are advised to verify the accuracy of the information if the need so arises.
Editor: Eric Richters, Nuffic Design: Ontwerpwerk, The Hague Printing: Prints & Proms, Rotterdam This is a general summary and figures are approximate. Enrolment generally refers to government sponsored study programmes. For further detail, please refer to Internationalization Monitor of Education in the Netherlands 2008, which can be downloaded from www.nuffic.nl/mobility.