Ramadan 2020

RAMADAN 2020

Tarāwīḥ & Witr Iqāmah, Dhikr and Qunoot TARĀWĪḤ AT CLAREMONT MAIN ROAD MOSQUE

1. Īmānan – fasting with sincere faith; Tarāwīḥ Dhikr 2. Iḥtisāban – fasting with accountability and self-appraisal and with the intention to improve my character; 3. Li wajhi Allāh al-karīm – seeking through my fasting the (literally the Face of Allah) Glory and Majesty of Allah. Iqāmah for tarāwīḥ ṣalāh

Through these three words with which we conclude our niyyah for fasting we emphasize and underscore in diff erent ways the higher purpose and ِ • َﺻ َﻼ ُﺓ ﺍﻟْﻘ َﻴﺎﻡِ ﺃَﺛَﺎ ﺑَﻜُ ُﻢ ﺍﻟﻠّ ُﻪ .sincere motivations behind our fasting. Ṣalātul qiyāmi athā bakumullāh Five Motivations for Fasting As individuals we may diff er in our motivations for fasting in Ramaḍān. I The ṣalāh is about to begin. May Allah reward you all. have identifi ed fi ve broad motivations for fasting in Ramaḍān. These need not be exclusive, meaning that one individual may have a combination of them as motives, and neither are they ranked in any order of preference.

Dhikr after second and sixth rakʿahs 1. Firstly, we may be fasting out of conformity and custom. We may have been reared and nurtured with fasting in Ramaḍān and it has been so ingrained in us that fasting in Ramaḍān has now become part of our 1 ِ ﺍَﻟﻠّ ُﻬﻢ َﺻ ّ ِﻞ َﻋﻠٰﻰ َﺳ ِّﻴﺪﻧَﺎ cultural tradition, and in fact fasting in Ramaḍān in a sense deﬁ nes Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā sayyidinā َ .who we are ُﻣ َﺤ َﻤ ٍﺪ• ,Secondly, we may be fasting in response to a Divine imperative, that is, Muḥammad .2 out of a sense of duty. This is often emphasized in Muslim discourses

2 ِ َﺻﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠّ ُﻪ َﻭ َﺳﻠَﻢ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ• .on fasting in Rama ḍān as one of the ﬁ ve pillars (arkān) of Islam. ṣallallāhu wa sallam ʿalayh ْ ,Moreover, the words: kutiba ʿalaykum al-ṣiyām in the Glorious Qurʾān meaning Allah has prescribed and made fasting obligatory, as well as the goal of taqwa, often translated as fear of Allah, reinforces such a 1 O Allah send blessings of peace upon our leader motive (2:193). Such a motive of duty is also clearly given in the niyyah Muḥammad. we recite when we say ʿan adāʾi farḍi shahri Ramaḍān hādhi al-sanati – in 2 May Allah’s blessings of peace be upon him. order to fulﬁ ll the duty of fasting of Ramaḍān this year.

16 5 TARĀWĪḤ AT CLAREMONT MAIN ROAD MOSQUE Dhikr after fourth and eighth rakʿahs Fasting for the Love of God

by Dr. Abdul Rashied Omar

1 ِ ِ ِ ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠّﻪ َﻭﺍﻟْ َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ﺍﻟﻠّﻪ Subḥā nallāhi wal ḥamdu lillāhi The Prophet Muḥammad (pbuh) is reported to have declared: “All actions َﻭ َﻻ ﺇِﻟٰ َﻪ ﺇِ َﻻ ﺍﻟﻠّ ُﻪ• ,walā ilāha illallāh are driven by and are thus to be judged according to their intentions. And (everyone shall but have that which they intended.” (Bukhārī and Muslim 2 َﻭﺍﻟﻠّ ُﻪ ﺃَﻛْ َﺒﺮ• ,wallāhu akbar It is healthy from time to time to evaluate our motives and intentions ُ for serving Allah or for growing in Godliness so that we might serve Allah 3 َﻭ َﻻ َﺣ ْﻮ َﻝ َﻭ َﻻ ُﻗ َﻮ َﺓ ﺇِ َﻻ walā ḥawla walā quw wata illā even better. ِ ِ ِ • Our customary practice (ʿurf) in the Western Cape every evening after ﺑِﺎ ﺍﻟﻠّﻪ ﺍﻟْ َﻌﻠ ِﻰ ﺍﻟْ َﻌﻈ ْﻴﻢِ ,billāhil ʿaliy yil ʿaẓīm the tarāwīḥ prayers is to recite our intention (niyyah) for fasting the next ّ 4 ِ day aloud and in congregation ( jamāʿah). This is a unique customary ﺍَﻟﻠّ ُﻬﻢ َﺻ ِﻞ َﻋﻠٰﻰ َﺳ ِّﻴﺪﻧَﺎ allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā sayyidinā .practice which can hardly be found anywhere else in the world َ One of the obligatory parts (farāʾiḍ) of any act of worship in Islam and ُﻣ َﺤ َﻤ ٍﺪ• ,Muḥammad hence its legal validity is dependent on one’s having a clear intention.

5 ِ Moreover, in the Shāﬁ ʿī school of law (madhhab), which is predominant in َﺻﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠّ ُﻪ َﻭ َﺳﻠَﻢ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ• .ṣallallāhu wa sallam ʿalayh .the Western Cape, the verbal expression of one’s intention is also required ْ It is not my purpose here to go into the legal (ﬁ qhi) technicalities of the 1 Limitless is Allah in His Glory, all Praises, Thanks and verbal utterance of one’s intention for fasting but rather to focus on the Gratitude belongs to Allah alone, there is none worthy inner meaning of the niyyah we recite. It is interesting to note that the of being worshipped except Allah, formula of the niyyah has the following meaning: 2 And Allah is greater than anything we can imagine. 3 And there is no transformation nor empowerment I intend to fast tomorrow to perform the incumbent duty of except by the Grace of Allah, the Exalted, the Sublime. the month of Ramaḍān for this year for the sake of Allah, the 4 O Allah send blessings of peace upon our leader Most High, with faith and sincerity thereby seeking the Glory Muḥammad. of Allah, the Most Noble and the Most Generous. 5 May Allah’s blessings of peace be upon him. I would like to focus on the latter three Arabic words of the niyyah:

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Dhikr after witr ṣalāh 1 O Allah, we beseech you for help, and seek your forgiveness. 2 We believe and rely on you. 1 ِ ِ 3 ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺎﻥ ﺫﻯ ﺍﻟْ ُﻤﻠْﻚ We extol you in the best manner. Subḥāna dhil mulki 4 We are thankful to you and are not ungrateful to you. ِ • 5 َﻭﺍﻟْ َﻤﻠَﻜُ ْﻮﺕ ,We disown and forsake him who disobeys you. wal malakūt 6 O Allah, you alone do we serve, unto you alone we pray 2 ِ ِ ِ ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺎﻥ ﺫﻯ ﺍﻟْﻌ َﺰﺓ and prostrate ourselves, and to you alone do we turn subḥāna dhil ʿizzati for help. ِ ِ ِ 7 َﻭﺍﻟْ َﻌﻈَ َﻤﺔ َﻭﺍﻟْ َﻬ ْﻴ َﺒﺔ َﻭﺍﻟْ ُﻘ ْﺪ َﺭﺓ We hope for you mercy and fear your punishment. wal ʿaẓmati wal haybati wal qudrati 8 Verily your punishment shall overtake the disbelievers. ِ ِ ِ • َﻭﺍﻟْﻜ ْﺒ ِﺮ ﻳَﺎٓﺀ َﻭﺍﻟْ َﺠ َﺒ ُﺮ ْﻭﺕ ,wal kibriyā iwal jabarūt

3 ِ ِ ِ • ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺎﻥ ﺍﻟْ َﻤﻠﻚ ﺍﻟْ ُﻘ ُﺪ ْﻭﺱ ,subḥānal malikil quddūs

4 ِ ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎ َﻥ ﺍﻟْ َﺤ ِﻰ ﺍﻟَﺬﻯ َﻻ subḥānal ḥay yilladhī lā ّ .If one does not know the qunūt then the following duʿāʾ can be recited ﻳَﻨَ ُﺎﻡ َﻭ َﻻ ﻳَ ُﻤ ْﻮ ُﺕ• ,yanā mu walā yamūt

5 ﺳﺒﻮ ﺡ ُﻗﺪﻭﺱ• ,subbūḥun quddūs ُ ُ ْ ٌ ُ ْ ٌ ِ ِ َﺭﺑَﻨَﺎ ﺍٰﺗﻨَﺎ ﻓﻰ ُﺍﻟﺪﻧْ َﻴﺎ Rabbanā ātinā ﬁ d dunyā 6 ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﺭﺏ ﺍﻟْﻤ َﻼﺋِﻜ ِﺔ rabbunā warabbul malā ʾikati َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ ٓ َ ِ ِ ِ َﺣ َﺴﻨَ ًﺔ َﻭﻓﻰ ْﺍﻻٰﺧ َﺮﺓ ḥasana taw wa ﬁ l ākhirati ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭ ِﺡ• .warruḥ َ ُ ْ ِ • َﺣ َﺴﻨَ ًﺔ َﻭﻗﻨَﺎ َﻋ َﺬ َﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻨَ ِﺎﺭ .ḥasana taw wa qinā ʿadhā bannār

Our Lord! Grant us good in this world and good in the hereafter and save us from the chastisement of the ﬁ re.

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Ḥanafī qunūt 1 Limitless in His Glory is (Allah) the Possessor of Sovereignty and Dominion. 2 Limitless in His Glory is (Allah) the Possessor of 1 ِ ِ ﺍَﻟﻠّ ُﻬﻢ ﺍﻧَﺎ ﻧَ ْﺴ َﺘﻌ ْﻴﻨُ َﻚ Majesty and Grandeur, of Reverence and Omnipotence, Allāhumma innā nastaʿīnuka َ .of Eminence and Might ِ • 3 َﻭﻧَ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻐﻔﺮ َﻙ ,Limitless in His Glory is (Allah) the Sovereign, the wa nastaghfi ruk ُ .Ever-Living 2 ِ 4 َﻭﻧُ ْﺆﻣ ُﻦ ﺑِ َﻚ َﻭﻧَ َﺘ َﻮﻛَ ُﻞ Limitless in His Glory is (Allah), neither slumber nor wa nuʾminu bika wa nata wakkalu death overtakes Him. َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ َﻚ• ,The All-Glorious, the All-Holy. ʿalāyk 5 6 Our Lord, and the Lord of the Angels and the Spirit. 3 ِ • َﻭﻧُﺜْﻨ ْﻰ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ َﻚ ﺍﻟْ َﺨ ْﻴ َﺮ ,wa nuthnī ʿalāykal khāyr 4 َﻭﻧَ ْﺸﻜُ ُﺮ َﻙ َﻭ َﻻﻧَﻜْ ُﻔ ُﺮ َﻙ• ,wa nashkuruka wa lā nakfuruk 5 َﻭﻧَ ْﺨﻠَ ُﻊ َﻭﻧَ ْﺘ ُﺮ ُﻙ َﻣ ْﻦ wa nakhlaʿu wa nat ruku may ﻳَ ْﻔ ُﺠ ُﺮ َﻙ• ,yaf juruk ِ 6 ﺍَﻟﻠّ ُﻬ َﻢ ﺍﻳَ َﺎﻙ ﻧَ ْﻌ ُﺒ ُﺪ َﻭ ﻟَ َﻚ allāhumma iyyāka naʿbudu wa laka ِ ِ ﻧُ َﺼﻠّ ْﻰ َﻭﻧَ ْﺴ ُﺠ ُﺪ َﻭﺍﻟَ ْﻴ َﻚ nu ṣallī wa nasjudu wa ilayka ِ ﻧَ ْﺴ ٰﻌﻰ َﻭﻧَ ْﺤﻔ ُﺪ َﻭﻧَ ْﺮ ُﺟ ْﻮﺍ nasʿā wa naḥ fi du wa narjū َﺭ ْﺣ َﻤ َﺘ َﻚ• ,raḥmatak 7 َﻭﻧَ ْﺨ ٰﺸﻰ َﻋ َﺬﺍﺑَ َﻚ• ,wa nakhshā ʿadhā bak 8 ﺍَ َﻥ َﻋ َﺬﺍﺑَ َﻚ ﺑِﺎﻟْﻜُ َﻔ ِﺎﺭ ُﻣﻠْ َﺤ ٌﻖ• .inna ʿadhā baka bil kuff ā ri mulḥaq

8 13 TARĀWĪḤ AT CLAREMONT MAIN ROAD MOSQUE Witr Ṣalāh in Ramaḍān Duʿāʾ The Odd-Numbered Prayer

1 ِ ِ َﺭﺑَﻨَﺎ َﻻ ﺗُ َﺆﺍﺧ ْﺬﻧَﺎ ﺑِ ُﺎﻟﺴ ْﻮﺀ Rabbanā lā tuā khidh nā bissūʾi ِ • َﻭ َﺍﻟﺘ ْﻘﺼ ْﻴ َﺮ ,The witr ṣalāh, comprising of three units, is off ered in congregation after wat taqṣīr ِ the tarāwīḥ ṣalāh during the month of Ramaḍān. The Imām reads aloud 2 ﺍَﻟﻠّ ُﻬﻢ ﺍﻧَ َﻚ َﻋ ُﻔ ٌﻮ ﻛَ ِﺮﻳْﻢ during the three units. From the sixteenth night of Rama ḍān, Shāfi ʿīs allāhumma innaka ʿafūw wun karimun َ ٌ .recite the qunūt in the third rakʿāh ِ • ﺗُﺤ ُﺐ ﺍﻟْ َﻌ ْﻔ َﻮ ﻓَ ْﺎﻋ ُﻒ َﻋﻨَﺎ ,tuḥibbul ʿafwa fʿa fu ʿannā One evening witr will be made according to the Shāfi ʿī madhhab and the 3 َﺭﺑَﻨَﺎ َﺁﻣﻨَﺎ ﺑِ َﻤﺎ ﺍَﻧْ َﺰﻟْ َﺖ following evening it will be made according to Ḥanafī madhhab. rabbanā āmannā bimā anzalta wat tabaʿ nar rasūla faktubnā َﻭﺗَ َﺒ ْﻌﻨَﺎ َﺍﻟﺮ ُﺳ ْﻮ َﻝ ﻓَﻜْ ُﺘ ْﺒﻨَﺎ Iqāmah for witr ṣalāh ِ ِ • َﻣ َﻊ َﺍﻟﺸﺎ ﻫﺪﻳْ َﻦ ,ma ʿash shāhidīn

4 ِ • ﺍَﻟﻠّ ُﻬ َﻢ َﺻ ّ ِﻞ َﻭ َﺳﻠّ ْﻢ allāhumma ṣalli wa sallim َﺻ َﻼ ُﺓ ﺍﻟْ ِﻮﺗْ ِﺮ ﺃَﺛَﺎ ﺑَﻜُ ُﻢ ﺍﻟﻠّ ُﻪ .Ṣalātul witri athā bakumullāh ِ َﻭﺑَ ِﺎﺭ ْﻙ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴﻪ• ,wa bārik ʿalay The ṣalāh for witr is about to begin. May Allah reward 5 ِ ٖ ٖ ِ َﻭ َﻋﻠٰﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ َﻭ َﺻ ْﺤ ِﺒﻪ َﻭ َﺳﻠّ ْﻢ you all. wa ʿalā ālihī wa ṣaḥbihī wa sallim ِ ِ• Witr according to the Ḥanafī Madhhab ﺁﻣ ْﻴ َﻦ ﻳَﺎ ﺍَﻟﻠّﻪ ,āmīna yā Allāh According to the Ḥanafī madhhab, witr is wājib and consists of three 6 ِ ﺍَﻟﻠّ ُﻬﻢ ْﺍﻋﺘ ْﻖ ِﺭ َﻗﺎﺑَﻨَﺎ َﻭ ِﺭ َﻗ َﺎﺏ rakʿāt prayed with one salām as in the maghrib farḍ ṣalāh. During the third allāhumma ʿatiq riqā banā wa riqā ba َ rakʿāh, after sūrah al-Fātiḥah and the qirāʿh, the takbīr (Allāhu akbar) will ِ ِ ِ ﺁ ﺑَﺎٓﺋﻨَﺎ َﻭﺃُ َﻣ َﻬﺎ ﺗﻨَﺎ َﻭﺃَ ْﻭ َﻻﺩﻧَﺎ be pronounced before the rukū. Raise and fold the hands again and then ābā inā wa umma hā tina wa awlādinā recite the qunūt inaudibly. After completing the qunūt, go into the rukū. ِ ِ ِ َﻭ َﺟﻤ ْﻴﻊِ ﺍﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠﻤ ْﻴ َﻦ The Ḥanafī qunūt follows, and it diﬀ ers from the Shāﬁ ʿī qunūt. wa jamīʿil muslimīna

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3 ِ ِ ِ • ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺎﻥ ﺍﻟْ َﻤﻠﻚ ﺍﻟْ ُﻘ ُﺪ ْﻭﺱ ,subḥānal malikil quddūs

Our Lord! Grant us good in this world and good in the hereafter and save us from the chastisement of the ﬁ re.

14 7 CLAREMONT MAIN ROAD MASJID

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