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Childhood in Afghanistan Is BEST OF 2014 Observer Fair Atul Singh (Founder, CEO & Editor-in-Chief) Abul-Hasanat Siddique (Managing Editor, COO & Co-Founder) Anna Pivovarchuk (Deputy Managing Editor, Culture Editor & Co-Founder) Olayinka Topping (Designer) Fair Observer | 461 Harbor Blvd | Belmont | CA 94002 | USA www.fairobserver.com | [email protected] The views expressed in this publication are the authors’ own and do not necessarily reflect Fair Observer’s editorial policy. Copyright © 2015 Fair Observer. All rights reserved. Contents 01 Culture Off the Radar: Stealth Conflicts and the Media (Virgil Hawking)...............................................................10 No One’s Lucky in War: An Interview with Robert King (Anna Pivovarchuk and Robert King)..........................14 Private Information and Outline Security: How to Disappear From Big Brother (Anna Pivovarchuk and Frank Ahern).......................22 What Inspires Creativity? Reason Enough (Jonathan Vickers and Chris Mann).........................27 Tibet: A Nonviolent History of War (Carole McGranahan)..............................................28 02 Asia Pacific Britain Betrays Hong Kong... Again (Sophie Richardson)......................................................33 How America & Britain Crushed the Government of an “Ally” (John Pilger)...................................................................35 China’s Educational Challenge When Going Global (Ulf Henning Richter and Shan Xiaofeng)..................37 Democracy and Southeast Asia are not Incompatible (Jarno Lang)...................................................................40 Ensuring Decent Work for Domestic Workers in Singapore (Jolovan Wham).............................................................43 03 Central And South Asia Afghan Children: Growing Up With Drones and Landmines (Even Kuross).................................................................47 Modi Wins Big as India Aspires for Prosperity (Atul Singh).....................................................................50 India’s Election 2014: Mainstream Privilege and the Northwest (Pema Abrahams)..........................................................54 The Politics of Literary Censorship in Afghanistan (Omar Sadar)..................................................................58 Arguing the Unarguable: Indian Policy in Afghanistan (Prakhar Sharma)..........................................................62 04 Middle East And North Africa War and Peace: The Youth of Gaza (Nour Omar Shaban).....................................................67 Local Perceptions of Syrian Refugees (Hana Asfour).................................................................69 Kurdistain: Where Poets Are More Than Poets (Alana Marie Levinson LaBrosse)................................75 The Banality of Colonization: The Metropolitanization of Israeli Settlements (Marco Allegra)...............................................................79 Bush Obama: Ignorance and Errors Compound Middle East Problems (Gary Grappo)................................................................83 05 Europe Barking at Russia is Easy, Biting is Not (Nishtha Chugh).............................................................87 France’s Gung-Ho Policy in Syria (Clotilde de Swarte).......................................................90 The Ukrainian Revolution’s Neo-Fascist Problem (Gordon Hahn)...............................................................93 Independent Scotland: A Wish for the Chance to Make Our Own Mistakes (Tom Webster)..............................................................100 Finland’s Economy is in the Middle of a “Lost Decade” (Kourosh Ziabari and Jutta Urpilainen).....................104 06 Africa South Sudan Turns Three: Gaza, Obama, and South America (Aguil Blunt)...................................................................111 Jack in the Box: The Failure of Education in Sub-Saharan Africa (Maria Khwaja Bazi).....................................................113 Local Justice in Africa: Out of the Spotlight (Brian Waswani Odhiambo)........................................117 A History of Violence: African Asylum Seekers in Israel (Natasha Roth).............................................................120 Central African Republic: Who Will Heal the Wounds? (Natalia Bowdoin).........................................................123 07 North America Power, Race & Police: Deconstructing Ferguson (Sarah Colome)............................................................129 A Commentary on Torture (Landon Shroder).........................................................133 Will the US Government Ever Leave the Middle East Alone? (Larry Beck)..................................................................135 The Case for US Intervention in the Middle East (Gary Grappo)...............................................................137 US Space Capabilities: Maintaining the High Ground (Daniel Lakin)................................................................141 08 Latin America Social Inequality in Brazil: The People, Politics, and the World Cup (Victoria Livingstone)...................................................145 Chile and Romania: Censorship in Dictatorships (Caterina Preda)...........................................................148 The OAS: The Forgotten Continent’s Forgotten Organization (Samuel Guzman).........................................................151 Argentina and the Economic Crisis Cliff (Nicolas Sarlenga)........................................................154 Bolivia Has Failed to Keep It’s Promise on Indigenous Rights (Jessika Eichler)...........................................................156 Editor’s Note: A Tumultuous Year n 2014, many parts of the world suffered conflict. Chief among them were Ukraine, Iraq, Syria, Gaza and Central African Republic. Each of these conflicts was significant for different reasons, but Ukraine shook the international order the most. IUkraine descended into civil war with the eastern regions of Donetsk and Luhansk voting for indepen- dence. Apparently, so did Crimea where 96.7% voted to join Russia after annexation, making the referendum redundant. Even the four-year fiesta of football held in Brazil was marred by protests against corruption. Brazilians took to the streets because much of the money for stadia and the FIFA World Cup was siphoned off by politi- cians and contractors who were cozy with them. Pro- tests also broke out in the US, when an African Ameri- can man was shot dead in Ferguson by the police. Like any year, 2014 witnessed some historic moments. On January 1, US President Barack Obama’s signature health care reform, the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, took effect. On the same day, Colorado legalized the purchase of marijuana for rec- reational purposes. Five days later, Janet Yellen became the first woman to head the Federal Reserve. Same-sex marriage was legalized in 12 states, starting with Or- egon. By the end of the year, a majority of Americans 7 were living where same-sex marriage was legal. By contrast, many African leaders decided to stamp out the scourge of sin from their societies. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan signed into law a bill that banned same-sex marriage and imposed punishments for homosexual activity. Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni decided to outdo Jonathan and signed a law imposing sentences of 14 years to life imprisonment for homosexual acts. The year was also marked by the increasing power of the Islamic State (IS) and Boko Haram. Radical Islam found support among marginalized populations who fell prey to charismatic clerics promising a better future by returning to pristine purity of the past. In a stun- ning advance, IS surged through Iraq and took control of Falluja, Mosul and even Tikrit, Saddam Hussein’s hometown. It also decapitated journalists, released gruesome videos and imposed fanatically intolerant puritanical rule on the areas under its control. Mean- while, Boko Haram captured 270 teenage girls from a boarding school in northeastern Nigeria. In fact, more people died in Africa’s most populous country in 2014 than in Afghanistan or Iraq. Even as violence plagued many parts of the world, democracy deepened elsewhere. In Scotland, a refer- endum was conducted with fanfare to decide the future of the country. People voted to stay in the United Kingdom in a referendum. In Hong Kong, protests for democracy broke out and were not crushed by tanks. The relative restraint of Chinese authorities came as a surprise to many who feared another Tiananmen. In India, the Nehru dynasty was booted out for a former teaseller from Gujarat. Voters chose Narendra Modi because he promised better governance, more jobs and improved living standards. The year ended on a positive note. Finally, 53 years after the Cuban Missile Crisis that nearly brought the world to nuclear war, Obama announced plans to normalize diplomatic relations with Cuba and ease economic restrictions on its long-beleaguered neighbor. In a courageous move defying hard-line Republicans, the president declared the end of an “outdated ap- proach” to US-Cuban relations. Even as the rollercoaster year of 2014 ended, we have continued to hold true to our ideals. We focus on issues that matter, provide context and bring together per- spectives from around the world. Human beings are complicated, the world is complex and our motto is to make sense of it. 8 In this magazine, we have chosen the best articles of 2014 that examine
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