DOCSLIB.ORG

Death Sentences and Executions in 2009

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Death Sentences and Executions in 2009 death sentences and executions 2009 amnesty international is a global movement of 2.8 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the universal declaration of human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. amnesty international Publications First published in 2010 by amnesty international Publications international secretariat Peter Benenson house 1 easton street London Wc1x 0dW united Kingdom www.amnesty.org © amnesty international Publications 2010 index: act 50/001/2010 original language: english Printed by amnesty international, international secretariat, united Kingdom all rights reserved. this publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. the copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. Cover phot o: Painting by delara darabi, who was executed in Rasht, iran, on 1 May 2009. after unfair judicial proceedings during which she consistently protested her innocence and despite a two-month stay of execution order, delara darabi was hanged for a murder which took place when she was aged 17. © delara darabi Back cover phot o: a flower-laying protest against the execution of delara darabi was held by amnesty international members in front of the embassy of iran in Warsaw, Poland, on 6 May 2009. © amnesty international CONTENTS OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................2 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S WORLWIDE OPPOSITION TO THE DEATH PENALTY ...........4 THE GLOBAL PICTURE .................................................................................................6 MOVING FORWARD ON THE LONG ROAD TO GLOBAL ABOLITION.................................10 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS .......................................................................................12 ASIA ......................................................................................................................12 THE AMERICAS ......................................................................................................15 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA ..................................................................................18 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA .........................................................................18 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA...........................................................................................22 REPORTED DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2009 ............................................24 ANNEX I-ABOLITIONIST AND RETENTIONIST COUNTRIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2009 .28 ANNEX II-RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2009....30 ENDNOTES.............................................................................................................33 2 Death sentences and executions in 2009 OVERVIEW The world witnessed further progress towards ending judicial killings by states in 2009. For the first time since Amnesty International started keeping records, not a single execution was carried out in all of Europe, while important steps were taken to turn the United Nations General Assembly resolutions calling for a worldwide moratorium on executions into reality. Two more countries, Burundi and Togo , abolished the death penalty in 2009, bringing the number of countries that have removed capital punishment entirely from their laws to 95. The world is in reach of 100 countries declaring their refusal to put people to death. In the Americas, the United States of America (USA) was the only nation to carry out executions in 2009. In sub-Saharan Africa only two countries executed prisoners: Botswana and Sudan . In Asia, there were no executions in Afghanistan, Indonesia, Mongolia and Pakistan in 2009, the first execution-free year in those countries in recent times. These successes follow decisions by the UN General Assembly in 2007 and 2008 to call for a global moratorium on executions as a first step to total abolition. Amnesty International hopes and believes that the UN General Assembly resolutions – the first of their kind – will continue to be a major influence in persuading countries to abandon their use of capital punishment. A similar resolution will be considered at the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly in late 2010. But even as world opinion and practice shift inexorably towards abolition, the extensive and politicized use of the death penalty continues in countries including China, Iran and Sudan. In 2009, as in previous years, the majority of the world’s executions occurred in two regions: Asia and the Middle East and North Africa. The continuing executions of juvenile offenders – those under 18 years of age at the time of the crime – continued in two countries: Iran and Saudi Arabia. These executions were in violation of international law. Secrecy surrounds the use of the death penalty in countries such as China, Belarus, Iran, Mongolia, North Korea and Viet Nam. Such secrecy is indefensible. If capital punishment is a legitimate act of government as these nations claim, there is no reason for its use to be hidden from the public and international scrutiny. Eighteen countries carried out executions in 2009. Amnesty International has documented the executions of 714 people, but this total does not include figures from China, where the Index ACT 50/001/2010 Amnesty International March 2010 Death sentences and executions in 2009 3 majority of the world’s executions take place, so the real global total is significantly higher. In 2009, China again refused to divulge exact figures on its use of the death penalty, although evidence from previous years and a number of current sources indicates that the figure remains in the thousands. Methods of execution in 2009 included hanging, shooting, beheading, stoning, electrocution and lethal injection. This document summarizes Amnesty International’s global research on the use of the death penalty in 2009. Information was gathered from various sources including official statistics (where available), non-governmental and inter-governmental organizations, human rights defenders, the media and field research. The figures used are the largest that can safely be drawn from our research, although we emphasise that the true figures are significantly higher. Some states intentionally conceal death penalty proceedings, others do not keep or make available statistics on the numbers of death sentences and executions. Where “+” is indicated after a country and it is preceded by a number, it means that the figure Amnesty International has calculated is a minimum figure. Where “+” is indicated after a country and is not preceded by a number, it indicates that there were executions or death sentences (at least more than one) in that country but it was not possible to calculate a figure. A list of abolitionist and retentionist countries as of 31 December 2009 can be found in Annex I. Annex II reports the list of ratifications of international treaties providing for the abolition of the death penalty as of 31 December 2009. Index: ACT 50/001/2010 Amnesty International March 2010 4 Death sentences and executions in 2009 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL’S WORLWIDE OPPOSITION TO THE DEATH PENALTY Amnesty International has been campaigning for the total abolition of the death penalty since 1977. The organization believes that the death penalty violates the right to life and is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. 1 It opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception regardless of the nature of the crime, the characteristics of the offender, or the method used by the state to kill the prisoner. Amnesty International believes that the death penalty legitimizes an irreversible act of violence by the state. Research demonstrates that the death penalty is often applied in a discriminatory manner, being used disproportionately against the poor, minorities and members of racial, ethnic and religious communities. The death penalty is often imposed after a grossly unfair trial. But even when trials respect international standards of fairness, the risk of executing the innocent can never be fully eliminated – the death penalty will inevitably claim innocent victims, as has been persistently demonstrated. While the death penalty runs the risk of irrevocable error, it has not been proven to have any special deterrent effect. It denies the possibility of rehabilitation. It promotes simplistic responses to complex human problems, rather than pursuing constructive solutions. It consumes resources that could be better used to work against violent crime and assist those affected by it. It is a symptom of a culture of violence, not a solution to it. It is an affront to human dignity. Amnesty International is a global movement of 2.8 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. In 2009 its sections, structures and activists from around the world
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LETHAL INJECTION: the Medical Technology of Execution
    LETHAL INJECTION: The medical technology of execution Introduction From hanging to electric chair to lethal injection: how much prettier can you make it? Yet the prettier it becomes, the uglier it is.1 In 1997, China became the first country outside the USA to carry out a judicial execution by lethal injection. Three other countriesGuatemala, Philippines and Taiwancurrently provide for execution by lethal injection but have not yet executed anyone by that method2. The introduction of lethal injection in the USA in 1977 provoked a debate in the medical profession and strong opposition to a medical role in such executions. To 30 September 1997, 268 individuals have been executed by lethal injection in the USA since the first such execution in December 1982 (see appendix 2). Reports of lethal injection executions in China, where the method was introduced in 1997, are sketchy but early indications are that there is a potential for massive use of this form of execution. In 1996, Amnesty International recorded more than 4,300 executions by shooting in China. At least 24 lethal injection executions were reported in the Chinese press in 1997 and this can be presumed to be a minimum (and growing) figure since executions are not automatically reported in the Chinese media. Lethal injection executions depend on medical drugs and procedures and the potential of this kind of execution to involve medical professionals in unethical behaviour, including direct involvement in killing, is clear. Because of this, there has been a long-standing campaign by some individual health professionals and some professional bodies to prohibit medical participation in lethal injection executions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Death Penalty in Belarus
    Part 1. Histor ical Overview The Death Penalty in Belarus Vilnius 2016 1 The Death Penalty in Belarus The documentary book, “The Death Penalty in Belarus”, was prepared in the framework of the campaign, “Human Rights Defenders against the Death Penalty in Belarus”. The book contains information on the death penalty in Belarus from 1998 to 2016, as it was in 1998 when the mother of Ivan Famin, a man who was executed for someone else’s crimes, appealed to the Human Rights Center “Viasna”. Among the exclusive materials presented in this publication there is the historical review, “A History of The Death Penalty in Belarus”, prepared by Dzianis Martsinovich, and a large interview with a former head of remand prison No. 1 in Minsk, Aleh Alkayeu, under whose leadership about 150 executions were performed. This book is designed not only for human rights activists, but also for students and teachers of jurisprudence, and wide public. 2 Part 1. Histor ical Overview Life and Death The Death penalty. These words evoke different feelings and ideas in different people, including fair punishment, cruelty and callousness of the state, the cold steel of the headsman’s axe, civilized barbarism, pistol shots, horror and despair, revolutionary expediency, the guillotine with a basket where the severed heads roll, and many other things. Man has invented thousands of ways to kill his fellows, and his bizarre fantasy with the methods of execution is boundless. People even seem to show more humanness and rationalism in killing animals. After all, animals often kill one another. A well-known Belarusian artist Lionik Tarasevich grows hundreds of thoroughbred hens and roosters on his farm in the village of Validy in the Białystok district.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape to Proof
    death sentences and executions 2009 amnesty international is a global movement of 2.8 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the universal declaration of human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. amnesty international Publications First published in 2010 by amnesty international Publications international secretariat Peter Benenson house 1 easton street London Wc1x 0dW united Kingdom www.amnesty.org © amnesty international Publications 2010 index: act 50/001/2010 original language: english Printed by amnesty international, international secretariat, united Kingdom all rights reserved. this publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. the copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. Cover phot o: Painting by delara darabi, who was executed in Rasht, iran, on 1 May 2009. after unfair judicial proceedings during which she consistently protested her innocence and despite a two-month stay of execution order, delara darabi was hanged for a murder which took place when she was aged 17. © delara darabi Back cover phot o: a flower-laying protest against the execution of delara darabi was held by amnesty international members in front of the embassy of iran in Warsaw, Poland, on 6 May 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida's Legislative and Judicial Responses to Furman V. Georgia: an Analysis and Criticism
    Florida State University Law Review Volume 2 Issue 1 Article 3 Winter 1974 Florida's Legislative and Judicial Responses to Furman v. Georgia: An Analysis and Criticism Tim Thornton Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Tim Thornton, Florida's Legislative and Judicial Responses to Furman v. Georgia: An Analysis and Criticism, 2 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 108 (1974) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol2/iss1/3 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTES FLORIDA'S LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL RESPONSES TO FURMAN V. GEORGIA: AN ANALYSIS AND CRITICISM On June 29, 1972, the Supreme Court of the United States addressed the constitutionality of the death penalty by deciding the case of Furman v. Georgia' and its two companion cases.2 The five man majority agreed only upon a one paragraph per curiam opinion, which held that "the imposition and carrying out of the death penalty in these cases constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.'" The per curiam opinion 4 of the majority was followed by five separate concurring opinions and four separate dissents.5 The impact of the Furman decision reached beyond the lives of the three petitioners involved.6 In Stewart v. Massachusetts7 and its companion cases," all decided on the same day as Furman, the Supreme Court vacated death sentences in more than 120 other capital cases, which had been imposed under the capital punishment statutes of 26 states.
    [Show full text]
  • THE RULE of LAW ORAL HISTORY PROJECT the Reminiscences Of
    THE RULE OF LAW ORAL HISTORY PROJECT The Reminiscences of Clive Stafford Smith Oral History Research Office Columbia University 2011 PREFACE The following oral history is the result of a recorded interview with Clive Stafford Smith conducted by Ronald J. Grele on June 28, June 29, and June 30, 2010 in Symondsbury, England. This interview is part of the Rule of Law Oral History Project. The reader is asked to bear in mind that s/he is reading a verbatim transcript of the spoken word, rather than written prose. MJD Session One Interviewee: Clive Stafford Smith Location: Symondsbury, Dorset, England Interviewer: Ronald J. Grele Date: June 28, 2010 Q: This is an interview with Clive Stafford Smith. The interview is being conducted in Dorset, in England. Today's date is June 28, 2010. The interviewer is Ronald Grele. This is an interview for the Columbia University Oral History Research Office. I thought where we would begin is where you begin your book [Bad Men: Guantánamo Bay and the Secret Prisons], and that is with 9/11. It is pretty detailed, your first memories of 9/11 being in Louisiana. But I have a couple of questions to ask you. Smith: Sure. Q: It isn't clear in there whether or not you watched the buildings collapse. Smith: Well, when it actually happened, no. I was driving around. I was actually trying to find a pathologist who I had an appointment to meet that morning on a death penalty case. I was driving around and it was just ghostly. This was Lake Charles, Louisiana, and there was nobody, anybody.
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Punishment
    CAPITAL PUNISHMENT by JOHN WILLIAM KELLER !X(o B.A., St. Benedict's College, 1967 A MASTER'S THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS Department of Political Science KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1968 Approved by: * Majorm \nr ProfessorPrr»f mumnr TABLE OP CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE NATURE AND HISTORY OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 1 Introduction ....... 1 The Ancient Civilizations 3 The Dark Ages 8 The Medieval Period 9 Colonial Transition 12 II. PENAL REFORM AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 21 Recent Developments ... 28 Legal Action Groups •••••.•..29 III. CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS 33 Amendment VIII 33 Amendment XIV 36 Amendment VI 39 IV. THE COURTS, THE CONSTITUTION, AND THE DEATH PENALTY 42 The Wilkerson Case / 42 Ex Parte Kemmler 44 O'Nefr l y. Vermont; 46 Howard v. Fleming 49 Weems y. United State s 50 Collins y. Johnson •• • .... 53 Louisiana y. Resveber 54 The Warren Court • 56 V. EXECUTIONS 66 Hanging • 66 Electrocution ............. 70 Gas Chamber ....73 Firing Squad ' ... 75 VI. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: A WORLD VIEW 80 The Death Penalty and the Community of Nations 81 Execution of the Death Sentence in the World • • % 83 Capital Crimes Around the World 84 Comments and Conclusions .86 VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ^ 91 LIST OF CASES 99 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE I. Capital Punishment in the United States 23 II. Capital Crimes in the Fifty One Jurisdictions 24 III. Methods of Executions by States 76 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express his sincere appreciation to the people who Joined In the. preparation of this pro- ject.
    [Show full text]
  • Record Turnout for NUS Vote Pancreas’ May
    Featuresp19 Magazinep15 Reviewsp24 From Parsan Love s n the Wearng Lous nghts to Persan ar on your RAG Vu on, lstenng prncesses and Blnd Dates to reggaeton crcus clowns, we Vampre Weekend gve you the best at the Corn of the May Balls Exchange FRIDAY FEBRUARY 12TH 2010 THE INDEPENDENT STUDENT NESPAPER SINCE 1947 ISSUE NO 713 | VARSITY.CO.UK ‘Artificial Record turnout for NUS vote pancreas’ may MICHAEL DERRINGER soon be reality AN AODTO Ground-breaking new research by Cambridge scientists has provided new hope for those suffering from type 1 diabetes. The study, funded by the Juve- nile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), has brought scientists closer to the development of a commercially viable ‘artifi cial pancreas’ system. Karen Addington, Chief Execu- tive of JDRF, hailed the study as “proof of principle that type 1 diabe- tes in children can be safely managed overnight with an artifi cial pancreas system”. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Living with this condition requires regular insulin injections and fi ngerprint tests. However, these treatments carry medical risks of their own. The new technology aims to solve Students vote to contnue NUS a laton and enhance welfare support these problems through use of a glucose monitoring system and an Speaking to Varsity, Thomas involved.” this. “The NUS is ineffective, insulin pump. I VICTA Chigbo, leader of the “Vote YES In its 88-year history, the NUS undemocratic, out of touch, fi nan- Though both technologies are – CUSU Affi liation to NUS Referen- has played a crucial role in many cially incompetent, and rife with already widely used, the research In an unprecedented turnout for dum” campaign and current CUSU student-related issues, such as the infi ghting,” Fletcher said.
    [Show full text]
  • SUPREME COURT of the UNITED STATES Mr • Justice Marshall Kr
    / To: The Chief Justice Mr. Justice Douglas Mr. Justice Brennan 1st DRAFT Mr. Justice Stewart Mr. Justice White SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Mr • Justice Marshall Kr. Justice Blackmun ~uat1oe Pow~ MEMORANDUM OF MR. JUSTICE REHNQUIST From: Rehnquist, J. Re: CAPITAL CASES Circulated: ~ h3/-, '1..- [June -, 1972J / Recirculated: Petitioners seck from this Court a decision that would ------- at one fell swoop invalidate laws enacted by Congress and 41 of the 50 state legislatures, and would consign to the limbo of unconstitutionality under a single rubric pen- alties for offenses as varied and unique as murder, piracy, mutiny, highjacking, and desertion in the face of the enemy. Such a holding would necessarily bring into sharp relief the fundamental question of the role of ju- dicial review in a democratic society. How can govern- ment by the elected representatives of the people co-exist with the power of the federal judiciary, whose members arc constitutionally insulated from responsiveness to the popular will, to declare invalid laws duly enacted by the popular branches of government? The answer, of course, is found in Hamilton's Federalist Paper No. 78 and in Chief Justice Marshall's classic opin­ ion in Marbu1'y v. Madison, 1 Crunch 137 (1803). An oft told story since then, it bears summarization once more. Sovereignty resides ultimately in the people as a whole, and by adopting through their States a written ConstitutiOil for the Nation, and subsequently adding amendments to that instrument, they have both granted certain powers to the national Government, and denied other powers to the national and the state governments.
    [Show full text]
  • Clemency and Execution
    CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: RACE, POVERTY & DISADVANTAGE Yale University Professor Stephen B. Bright Class Thirteen - Part Two: Clemency and Execution CLEMENCY The power to grant pardons, commutations and reprieves is a broad, unrestricted power of the Humanity and good policy conspire to executive, normally not subject to judicial review. dictate that the benign prerogative of As stated by the Florida Supreme Court: pardoning should be as little as possible fettered or embarrassed. The criminal An executive may grant a pardon for good code of every country partakes so much reasons or bad, or for any reason at all, and of necessary severity that without an easy his act is final and irrevocable. Even for the access to exceptions in favor of grossest abuse of this discretionary power the unfortunate guilt, justice would wear a law affords no remedy; the courts have no countenance too sanguinary and cruel. concern with the reasons which actuated the executive. The constitution clothes him with - Alexander Hamilton, THE FEDERALIST NO. 74 the power to grant pardons, and this power is beyond the control, or even the legitimate I have always found that mercy bears criticism, of the judiciary.1 richer fruits than strict justice. The Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit - Abraham Lincoln described the power as follows: A people confident in its laws and institutions should not be ashamed of The very nature of clemency is that it is mercy. grounded solely in the will of the dispenser of clemency. He need give no reasons for - Justice Anthony Kennedy granting it, or for denying it .
    [Show full text]
  • House of Lords Official Report
    Vol. 716 Wednesday No. 24 13 January 2010 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) HOUSE OF LORDS OFFICIAL REPORT ORDER OF BUSINESS Questions Prisons: Search and Restraint Further Education: Capital Investment Public Expenditure HMRC: Winding-up Petitions Personal Care at Home Bill First Reading Haiti: Earthquake Statement Equality Bill Committee (2nd day) Church of England (Miscellaneous Provisions) Measure Vacancies in Suffragan Sees and Other Ecclesiastical Offices Measure Crown Benefices (Parish Representatives) Measure Motions to Present for Royal Assent Equality Bill Committee (2nd day) (continued) Grand Committee Bribery Bill [HL] Committee (2nd day) Written Statements Written Answers For column numbers see back page £3·50 Lords wishing to be supplied with these Daily Reports should give notice to this effect to the Printed Paper Office. The bound volumes also will be sent to those Peers who similarly notify their wish to receive them. No proofs of Daily Reports are provided. Corrections for the bound volume which Lords wish to suggest to the report of their speeches should be clearly indicated in a copy of the Daily Report, which, with the column numbers concerned shown on the front cover, should be sent to the Editor of Debates, House of Lords, within 14 days of the date of the Daily Report. This issue of the Official Report is also available on the Internet at www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200910/ldhansrd/index/100113.html PRICES AND SUBSCRIPTION RATES DAILY PARTS Single copies: Commons, £5; Lords £3·50 Annual subscriptions: Commons, £865; Lords £525 WEEKLY HANSARD Single copies: Commons, £12; Lords £6 Annual subscriptions: Commons, £440; Lords £255 Index—Single copies: Commons, £6·80—published every three weeks Annual subscriptions: Commons, £125; Lords, £65.
    [Show full text]
  • China Death Penalty Drug Dealers
    China Death Penalty Drug Dealers Simmonds still condoled literarily while Manchus Whitby backcomb that unanimity. Tripedal and sanctioned andThurstan lower. still incur his friskers veritably. Unshunnable Monty graven very witheringly while Gian remains tangiest China for drug dealers are owned by the drugs are three months earlier this list a thing laws Hainan in china is estimated thousands of meng wenzhou is a few days as internet commentators complained about penalties for addressing this. How he is so how he led me what crimes under the human rights abusers for this content editing and infectious diseases, the united states. China fourth Canadian citizen given without penalty over drugs. Msimon makes it is finished we are investigated, has long stretches in conjunction with covid vaccine rollout efforts meant to visit your interest in. States drug dealer gets flirty in china? We aim to revenge all comments reviewed in accurate timely manner. Trump praises death fear for Chinese fentanyl dealers. President Trump praised China's policy of executing drug dealers during remarks about soon to reduce fentanyl abuse down the US The stance. Those like the examples Trump wants us to follow. Where everybody does trafficking earn three death of Thirty-two countries plus Gaza impose the death penalty by drug smuggling according to. Malaysia and Singapore have overall had automatic penalties for drug traffickers, Adams said. Is death penalty for drug dealer gets emotional as trump claimed nations and international day, couriers and then, because we would show imprisonment. Organized Crime, department, and Politics in Taiwan. Not pass specific requirements discussed below with drug dealers.
    [Show full text]
  • Confronting Capital Punishment in Asia
    CONFRONTING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN ASIA 000_Hood_FM.indd0_Hood_FM.indd i 110/22/20130/22/2013 44:24:47:24:47 PPMM 000_Hood_FM.indd0_Hood_FM.indd iiii 110/22/20130/22/2013 44:24:48:24:48 PPMM Confronting Capital Punishment in Asia Human Rights, Politics, and Public Opinion Edited by ROGER HOOD Professor Emeritus of Criminology University of Oxford and SURYA DEVA Associate Professor City University of Hong Kong 1 000_Hood_FM.indd0_Hood_FM.indd iiiiii 110/22/20130/22/2013 44:24:48:24:48 PPMM 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Th e several contributors 2013 Th e moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2013 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
    [Show full text]