Vancouver Express

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vancouver Express National Park Service Park News U.S. Department of the Interior Vancouver Express Living History Events at the Vancouver National Historic Reserve "History never looks like history when yon are living through it." ~ John W. Gardner For many, history doesn't look like standard, boring history when experienced at a living history event. The National Park Service tries to bring history to life at Fort Vancouver and the Vancouver National Historic Reserve. "Living history, or costumed interpretation, allows the visitor a chance to get a glimpse of the past and the people who called this place home," according to Ranger Jon Burpee. "We want to make the stories come alive in an exciting way. The „. , _ . , „,. r Private Jeremy Eakman of the 1 Oregon Volunteer Infantry strikes at a ball at an earlier game. Reserve is a wonderful setting for living on July 19 and August 16, the 1st Oregon team will take on the Vancouver Occidentals on the history proCTrams." Parade Ground playing under 1860s rules. At Fort Vancouver, daily living history the year. Highlights of a few upcoming overseas. Soldier's Bivouac brings that demonstrations in the Blacksmith and programs are included: history to life and highlights the Carpenter Shops help visitors Soldier's Bivouac significant eras of the post's history. understand not only the crafts of the fort, but also the interesting lives of the On May 13, 1849 the United States On Saturday and Sunday, July 19"' and craftsmen. The interpreters wear Army arrived at Fort Vancouver to 20*, volunteers portraying troops from period clothing as they create usable establish a new post that eventually the post will encamp upon the objects for the fort's program. would be called Vancouver Barracks. Barracks' Parade Ground giving For much of its history, the Barracks demonstrations about the lives of the As the park staff and volunteers make was headquarters for US Army posts soldiers. Visit soldier's camps and hear efforts to increase the amount of living in Alaska, Washington, Oregon and the stories about what it was like to live history programs offered on a day-to­ Idaho. It was a pivotal post during the at the post. The Bivouac is a great day basis, large living history events frontier period and its soldiers activity for the family and is an annual continue to engage visitors throughout impacted the history of the West and event. (continued on page 4) "Base Ball Played a Role at "Archaeological "Upcoming Events - 2003" Vancouver Barracks" Lecture Series" page 2 page 3 page 3 The official newsletter of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site • July-August 2003 Issue 4, Volume 2 A Message from the Fort Vancouver Superintendent Base Ball Played a Role at Vancouver Barracks It is summer at your national park! The staff and volunteers of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site and the Vancouver National Historic Reserve are incredibly busy preserving and sharing this incredible place and its history. Within the fort walls the Counting House is beginning to take shape. The maintenance crew and volunteers are reconstructing the building which originally was built in 1845. They are using lumber cut from donated trees from Mount Rainier National Park. Stop by throughout the summer to see their progress. To the west of the fort, excavations are revealing clues about the Village and how its residents lived. The 2003 Archaeological Field School is a partnership between Portland State National Park Service volunteers portray the 1" Oregon Volunteer Infantry who were University, Washington State stationed at the Barracks during the Civil War. University-Vancouver, and the st Fort Vancouver, December I "The base ball fever has taken hold of National Park Service to give students a first-hand knowledge of "I spent the day visiting the town and the privates at Vancouver Barracks, archaeology. Students from around garrison, and in playing ball." and the old club is reorganized for the the country are participating. The Private William Peck, 1858 coming season, in shape to be heard digs are open to the public Tuesday- from favorably." Saturday. Vancouver Independent, April 4,1888 For almost as long as soldiers have July 19 & 20 brings the return of called Vancouver Barracks home, Vancouver Barracks continued to field soldiers to the Parade Ground of references reflect the role baseball teams from at least that point on until Vancouver Barracks. A large number played as a pastime and a welcome the end of World War II. Local of volunteers portraying the soldiers respite from the tedium of living in opponents included town teams, high from the post's past invite the public into their camps to experience a bit garrison. Routine duties included school and college teams, and of Army history. At 6:00 PM on the drilling endlessly on the parade industrial teams. After the opening of 20th, the soldiers of the 1st Oregon ground, construction duty, kitchen Camp (later Fort) Lewis, annual games Volunteer Infantry will again face the duty, and guard duty. Since were held between the two posts. ballists from the Vancouver opportunities to leave the post were Occidentals in a match of vintage rare, soldiers found ways to entertain Baseball, as well as other games, played base ball - 1860s style. These are themselves on-post. an important role in Vancouver wonderful events to take the family Barrack's past. Today, the National and experience a bit of the past that The earliest reference to playing mall' Park Service strives to bring this past to makes this such a special place. at the Barracks reflects its informal life. If you are interested in finding out Whether it is your first time visiting nature as a pick-up game. No more information about the park's or you visit regularly, have a historical references to a formalized active vintage base ball program please wonderful time in your national post team have been found until the contact Jon Burpee at 360-696-7655 park! mid-i88os. ext. 15. You can visit the park At the shop you can find a reprint of the Tracy Fortmann Visitor Center and the i860 Beadle's Dime Base-Ball Player Superintendent Northwest Interpretive including the 'Revised Rules' of i860. The Association book shop shop also carries Past Time: Baseball as to get more information History which contains an enlightening on historic base ball. series of essays about our national game. 2 Vancouver Express The Volunteer Dispatch Guilds and Groups A Garden Update Fort Vancouver NHS has benefited from a partnership for a long time. For years, the The garden is planted and we are taking on a project to create a garden Blacksmith Guild has helped direct the waiting for the sun to do its work. This guide, with descriptions and pictures. shop and has allowed for a greatly year we are growing some new historic This guide will meet ADA standards, so expanded amount of interpretation of this vegetables like, Georgia Rattlesnake that visually impaired visitors can use important trade to the history of the fort. the guide to learn more about the Recently the Guild has expanded to include watermelon, Purple Sprouting broccoli, the Carpenter Shop. This incredible group Speckled lettuce, D'algiers melon, and plants we grow and why they were has inspired other groups to form. the Purple Hyacinth bean that got so important to the residents of 1845 Fort much attention last year. Old Favorites Vancouver. Les Engages des Fort Vancouver like Cardoon, Amaranth, Moon and Stars watermelon will still be there to We have some new benches in the Recently, a small group of volunteers impress the visitors, volunteers, and garden. The old ones were in need of and staff formed a living history group staff alike. replacement Along with the new dedicated to telling the story of the benches we have added extensions working class at the fort. The goal of the group is to accurately portray the Bill Green had his class of 2nd graders onto the hops arbor to create a small laborers and their families. Les Engages here to plant beans. The kids had a lot sitting area that will be shaded. meet once a month and has an on-line of fun and did a wonderful job, the Hopefully we will find many people component that allows the group to beans sprouted within a week. this summer stopping and spending a communicate and share ideas on the few quite moments in the garden. web. If you primarily portray a Some of the garden volunteers are —Submitted by Brenda Blair working class person at the fort and are interested in joining, please contact Jon Burpee at 360-696-7655 ext. 15. Volunteer Picnic is on August 9th Oregon Trail Immigrants The annual Park Picnic will be held on If you are interested in attending please Another group of living history August 9* at 7:00 PM at the Picnic call the Visitor Center at 360- 696- 7655 volunteers are discussing the possiblity Shelter. The picnic will feature fun ext. 10 to sign up. If you are interested of forming a group to improve the games, good food, and great friendship. in helping or have ideas on how to interpretation of the Oregon Trail and All volunteers and staff are encouraged improve the picnic please call Jon its connections at Fort Vancouver. The to attend. The Picnic is potluck. Burpee at 360- 696- 7655 ext 15. group is looking at how to best interpret the Oregon Trail camp at Candlelight Tour. Several energetic The Emigrants of '45 to Form into Living History Group and creative volunteers are taking the lead in forming the group but need Living history volunteers who are crafts, tell stories, and interact with the more volunteers to help it become a interested in portraying recently visitors.
Recommended publications
  • Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861 / Dunvood Ball
    Amy Regulars on the WestmFrontieq r 848-1 861 This page intentionally left blank Army Regulars on the Western Frontier DURWOOD BALL University of Oklahoma Press :Norman Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Dunvood, 1960- Army regulars on the western frontier, 1848-1861 / Dunvood Ball. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8061-3312-0 I. West (U.S.)-History, Military-I 9th century. 2. United States. Army-History- 19th century. 3. United States-Military policy-19th century. 4. Frontier and pioneer life-West (U.S.) 5. West (US.)-Race relations. 6. Indians of North Arnerica- Government relations-1789-1869. 7. Indians of North America-West (U.S.)- History-19th century. 8. Civil-military relations-West (U.S.)-History-19th century. 9. Violence-West (U.S.)-History-I 9th century. I. Title. F593 .B18 2001 3 5~'.00978'09034-dcz I 00-047669 CIP The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc. m Copyright O 2001 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A. 12345678910 For Mom, Dad, and Kristina This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Maps IX Preface XI Acknowledgments xv INT R o D U C T I o N : Organize, Deploy, and Multiply XIX Prologue 3 PART I. DEFENSE, WAR, AND POLITICS I Ambivalent Duty: Soldiers, Indians, and Frontiersmen I 3 2 All Front, No Rear: Soldiers, Desert, and War 24 3 Chastise Them: Campaigns, Combat, and Killing 3 8 4 Internal Fissures: Soldiers, Politics, and Sectionalism 56 PART 11.
    [Show full text]
  • April 2001 Chapter Website
    1 NORTHWEST OCTA UPDATE AND JOURNAL NEWSLETTER of the NORTHWEST CHAPTER April 2001 Chapter Website: http://www.nwocta.com/ http://www.nwocta.com/octastore Lethene Parks: President Don Popejoy: Editor Website, National President and National Preservation. Lethene then made a Call for General Membership Meeting members to help with chapter projects. Joyce March 10, 2001 Bolerjack and Gail Carbiener stepped forward to The Dallas, Oregon develop a new chapter budget. Glenn Harrison took on the added responsibility of updating the chapter This day was the same as most days in the Columbia Bylaws. Marley Shurtleff volunteered to write a River Gorge in early March: windy, overcast with a chapter handbook as a guideline for new officers and smattering of sunshine, chilly but promising Spring board members. The Raffle, held just before the lunch would soon be here. However, today there was a big break, brought into the chapter difference at the Columbia Gorge Discovery Center; some 60 plus Northwest chapter members attended the first meeting of the year. Chapter President Lethene Parks called the meeting to order and the minutes for last years meeting were accepted. The Treasurer’s report was given by Joyce Bolerjack followed by the Membership totals. A Bylaws change was made which increased chapter dues to a more healthy $10 per membership, effect June 1, 2001. Rich Herman was elected to the board of directors, filling the position left vacant by Jack Holmes. Next came the highlight of the morning meeting: Joyce Bolerjack was presented with the Dick and Trudy Ackerman Meritorious Achievement Award for her outstanding work and devotion to the Northwest chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Microfilm Publication M617, Returns from U.S
    Publication Number: M-617 Publication Title: Returns from U.S. Military Posts, 1800-1916 Date Published: 1968 RETURNS FROM U.S. MILITARY POSTS, 1800-1916 On the 1550 rolls of this microfilm publication, M617, are reproduced returns from U.S. military posts from the early 1800's to 1916, with a few returns extending through 1917. Most of the returns are part of Record Group 94, Records of the Adjutant General's Office; the remainder is part of Record Group 393, Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920, and Record Group 395, Records of United States Army Overseas Operations and Commands, 1898-1942. The commanding officer of every post, as well ad commanders of all other bodies of troops such as department, division, brigade, regiment, or detachment, was required by Army Regulations to submit a return (a type of personnel report) to The Adjutant General at specified intervals, usually monthly, on forms provided by that office. Several additions and modifications were made in the form over the years, but basically it was designed to show the units that were stationed at a particular post and their strength, the names and duties of the officers, the number of officers present and absent, a listing of official communications received, and a record of events. In the early 19th century the form used for the post return usually was the same as the one used for regimental or organizational returns. Printed forms were issued by the Adjutant General’s Office, but more commonly used were manuscript forms patterned after the printed forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Vancouver NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE
    Fort Vancouver NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE WASHINGTON his energetic leadership, the Hudson's Bay bank of the Columbia. Lumber, pickled Company won a virtual monopoly of the fur salmon, and other products of Fort Van­ trade in the Oregon country; and the firm's couver's mills, drying sheds, forges, and Fort Columbia Department was expanded until it shops supplied not only the wants of the fur stretched from the Rockies to the Pacific, trade but also a brisk commerce with such from Russian Alaska to Mexican California, distant places as the Hawaiian Islands, Cali­ with outposts on San Francisco Bay and in fornia, and the Russian settlements in Alaska. Hawaii. The farms and the busy shops and mills at Vancouver Fort Vancouver was the nerve center of Fort Vancouver marked the beginning of this vast commercial empire. From its ware­ large-scale agriculture and industry in the houses went out the supplies for the many Pacific Northwest. NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE interior posts, for the fur brigades which Much of the cultural and social life of ranged as far distant as present-day Utah and the Oregon country also revolved about Fort Vancouver. Here were established the first Here we commemorate the men of the fur trade and their part in developing California, and for the vessels and forts which dominated the coastal trade well up school, the first circulating library, the first the Pacific Northwest. the shoreline of Alaska. At Fort Vancouver theater, and several of the earliest churches each year the fur returns of the entire western in the Northwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical and Archaeological Evidence of 19Th Century Fever
    CAROLINE D. CARLEY the social, cultural, and economic center of the Oregon Country (Hussey 19572). In addition to the established fort proper, a Historical and Archaeological village for employees, called Kanaka Village, grew up southwest of the stockaded quarters, Evidence of 19th Century stores, and warehouses. South of this village, Fever Epidemics and Medicine another cluster of structures was established. Referred to today as the Riverside Complex, at Hudson’s Bay Company’s this group of buildings near the riverbank in- Fort Vancouver cluded boat sheds, a cooper’s shop, a hospital, tan pits, and several domestic dwellings. ABSTRACT The Riverside Complex was discovered on a narrow stretch of land between a major state During the Hudson’s Bay Company’s occupation of highway and a railroad embankment during Fort Vancouver in the Pacific Northwest, fevers in excavations of 45CL300 in the summers of epidemic proportions occurred intermittently through- 1974, 1975, and 1977. The projects were out the late 1820s and early 1830s, severely affecting the Company’s employees, operations, and aboriginal funded by the Washington State Highway population. Department, through the Office of Public Evidence of these epidemics has been found in the Archaeology at the University of Washington. archaeological record of a little known complex associ- The features and artifacts recovered indicated ated with Fort Vancouver. The investigation of 19th the presence of diverse Hudson’s Bay Com- century medical beliefs and practices aided in the in- terpretation of site activities as responses to the epi- pany activities in the area. A stockade trench demics. and numerous fire pits filled with charcoal were among the more unique features un- Introduction covered (Chance 1976, Chance and Chance 1976, Carley n.d.).
    [Show full text]
  • Interpretation and Conclusions
    "LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINEu SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN 'THE OREGON COUNTRY' B~f' Kmtm (1 COfwer~ ;\ th¢...i, ...uhmineJ Ilt SOIl(mla Slale UFU vcr,il y 11'1 partial fulfiUlT'Ietlt of the fCqlJln:mcntfi for the dcgr~ of MASTER OF ARTS tn Copyright 2011 by Kristin O. Converse ii AUTHORlZAnON FOR REPRODUCnON OF MASTER'S THESISIPROJECT 1pM' pernlt"j(m I~ n:pnll.lm.:til.m of Ihi$ rhais in ib endrel)" \Ii' !tbout runt\er uuthorilAtlOO fn.)m me. on the condiHt)Jllhat the per",)f1 Of a,eocy rl;!'(lucMing reproduction the "'OS$. and 1:Jf't)vi~ proper ackruJwkd,rnem nf auth.:If'l'htp. III “LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINE” SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN „THE OREGON COUNTRY‟ Thesis by Kristin O. Converse ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: The history of the Pacific Northwest has favored large, extractive and national industries such as the fur trade, mining, lumbering, fishing and farming over smaller pioneer enterprises. This multi-disciplinary study attempts to address that oversight by focusing on the early brickmakers in „the Oregon Country‟. Using a combination of archaeometry and historical research, this study attempts to make use of a humble and under- appreciated artifact – brick – to flesh out the forgotten details of the emergence of the brick industry, its role in the shifting local economy, as well as its producers and their economic strategies. Procedure: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was performed on 89 red, common bricks archaeologically recovered from Fort Vancouver and 113 comparative samples in an attempt to „source‟ the brick.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of the “Old Apple Tree,”
    A SHORT HISTORY OF THE “OLD APPLE TREE,” LOCATED IN THE OLD APPLE TREE PARK, VANCOUVER NATIONAL HISTORIC RESERVE, VANCOUVER, WASHINGTON, COMPILED FROM VARIOUS HISTORICAL SOURCES By Robert J. Cromwell, Ph.D. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site National Park Service 612 East Reserve St Vancouver, Washington 98661 September, 2010 Northwest Cultural Resources Institute Short Report No. 34 1 Introduction The “Old Apple Tree,” is located within Old Apple Tree Park, which is a part of the City of Vancouver Parks and Recreation Department, but also within the Vancouver National Historic Reserve (VNHR). The VNHR is a congressionally legislated Reserve located in Clark County, Vancouver, Washington, with historical contexts commemorating the prehistoric past, as well as historic elements associated with the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) Fort Vancouver, the U.S. Army Vancouver Barracks, and the Kaiser Shipyards. The VNHR is jointly managed by the National Park Service (NPS), the City of Vancouver, the U.S. Army, and the State of Washington. Although Old Apple Tree Park is managed by the City of Vancouver, the NPS acts as the lead federal agency for all Sec. 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act undertakings throughout the VNHR, and as the lead on cultural resources issues. It is under these auspices that this effort at recording the historical significance of the tree is being made by the NPS. Specifically, the Old Apple Tree is located in the Northeast (NE) ¼ section of the Southwest (SW) ¼ section of Section 27, Range 1E, Township 2 N, Willamette Meridian (Figure 1). It can be accessed from the south by pedestrians through a tunnel under the BNSF Railway railroad berm, coming from Columbia Way Boulevard; or from the east via the Landbridge Pedestrian Trail, which crosses over SR-14.
    [Show full text]
  • CTUIR Traditional Use Study of Willamette Falls and Lower
    Traditional Use Study of Willamette Falls and the Lower Columbia River by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Jennifer Karson Engum, Ph.D. Cultural Resources Protection Program Report prepared for CTUIR Board of Trustees Fish and Wildlife Commission Cultural Resources Committee CAYUSE, UMATILLAANDWALLA WALLA TRIBES November 16, 2020 CONFEDERATED TRIBES of the Umatilla Indian Reservation 46411 Timíne Way PENDLETON, OREGON TREATY JUNE 9, 1855 REDACTED FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION Traditional Use Study of Willamette Falls and the Lower Columbia River by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Prepared by Jennifer Karson Engum, Ph.D. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Department of Natural Resources Cultural Resources Protection Program 46411 Timíne Way Pendleton, Oregon 97801 Prepared for CTUIR Board of Trustees Fish and Wildlife Commission Cultural Resources Committee November 16, 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Umatilla (Imatalamłáma), Cayuse (Weyíiletpu), and Walla Walla (Walúulapam) peoples, who comprise the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR), have traveled throughout the west, including to the lower Columbia and Willamette Rivers and to Willamette Falls, to exercise their reserved treaty rights to hunt, fish, and gather the traditional subsistence resources known as the First Foods. They have been doing so since time immemorial, an important indigenous concept which describes a time continuum that spans from ancient times to present day. In post- contact years, interactions expanded to include explorers, traders and missionaries, who brought with them new opportunities for trade and intermarriage as well as the devastating circumstances brought by disease, warfare, and the reservation era. Through cultural adaptation and uninterrupted treaty rights, the CTUIR never ceased to continue to travel to the lower Columbia and Willamette River and falls for seasonal traditional practice and for other purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • 96> ? SOLDIER in the SOUTHWEST: the CAREER of GENERAL AV
    Soldier in the Southwest: the career of General A. V. Kautz, 1869-1886 Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Wallace, Andrew Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 11/10/2021 12:35:25 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552260 7?/ /96> ? zyz /, / {LOjO. >2y SOLDIER IN THE SOUTHWEST: THE CAREER OF GENERAL A. V. KAUTZ, 1869-1886 by ANDREW WALLACE Volume I A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In The Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1968 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Andrew W h-U r c p __________________________________ entitled _________ Soldier in the Southwest:______________ The Career of General A. V. Kautz, 1869-1886 be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy_________________________ Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination.
    [Show full text]
  • An Historical Overview of Vancouver Barracks, 1846-1898, with Suggestions for Further Research
    Part I, “Our Manifest Destiny Bids Fair for Fulfillment”: An Historical Overview of Vancouver Barracks, 1846-1898, with suggestions for further research Military men and women pose for a group photo at Vancouver Barracks, circa 1880s Photo courtesy of Clark County Museum written by Donna L. Sinclair Center for Columbia River History Funded by The National Park Service, Department of the Interior Final Copy, February 2004 This document is the first in a research partnership between the Center for Columbia River History (CCRH) and the National Park Service (NPS) at Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. The Park Service contracts with CCRH to encourage and support professional historical research, study, lectures and development in higher education programs related to the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site and the Vancouver National Historic Reserve (VNHR). CCRH is a consortium of the Washington State Historical Society, Portland State University, and Washington State University Vancouver. The mission of the Center for Columbia River History is to promote study of the history of the Columbia River Basin. Introduction For more than 150 years, Vancouver Barracks has been a site of strategic importance in the Pacific Northwest. Established in 1849, the post became a supply base for troops, goods, and services to the interior northwest and the western coast. Throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century soldiers from Vancouver were deployed to explore the northwest, build regional transportation and communication systems, respond to Indian-settler conflicts, and control civil and labor unrest. A thriving community developed nearby, deeply connected economically and socially with the military base. From its inception through WWII, Vancouver was a distinctly military place, an integral part of the city’s character.
    [Show full text]
  • Columbia River Crossing FEIS Ch. 3 Sect. 8 Historic and Archaeological
    FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT 3.8 Historic and Archaeological Resources The cultural resources in a given area form a vital contribution to the sense of place and identity for those who live, work, and visit that area. Cultural resources are broadly divided into the historic built environment (buildings, structures, and objects), archaeological sites, and other defined features or areas that are important to maintaining cultural identity. Because of their importance, various types of cultural resources are protected by federal, state, and/or local laws. The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 (as amended) establishes a process for identifying and preserving historic properties and resources in the United States. In particular, Section 106 of the NHPA defines the process by which federal agencies must take into account the effects of their undertakings on any district, site, building, structure, or object that is included on or eligible for inclusion (listing) on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Section 106 applies whenever there is a federal nexus to a project, that is, whenever the project requires a federal permit, uses federal dollars, or takes place (in whole or in part) on federal lands. The Section 106 regulatory procedures and requirements (provided in 36 CFR 800) require that “consulting parties”—parties with legal jurisdiction over or special interest in historic properties or resources—be included in decision-making that affects those resources. This includes the state department or office chartered to address the preservation of the state’s historic resources, other legal entities entrusted with the care and preservation of historic resources, as well as any Native American tribes with tribal ties to or an interest in the affected areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Wars.8-98.P65
    A Guide to the Microfiche Edition of Research Collections in Native American Studies The Indian Wars of the West and Frontier Army Life, 18621898 Official Histories and Personal Narratives UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfiche Edition of THE INDIAN WARS OF THE WEST AND FRONTIER ARMY LIFE, 1862–1898 Official Histories and Personal Narratives Project Editor and Guide Compiled by: Robert E. Lester A microfiche project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Indian wars of the West and frontier army life, 1862–1898 [microform] : official histories and personal narratives / project editor, Robert E. Lester microfiche. Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Robert E. Lester, entitled: A guide to the microfiche edition of The Indian wars of the West and frontier army life, 1862–1898. ISBN 1-55655-598-9 (alk. paper) 1. Indians of North America--Wars--1862–1865--Sources. 2. Indians of North America--Wars--1866–1895--Sources. 3. United States. Army--Military life--History--19th century--Sources. 4. West (U.S.)--History--19th century--Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. University Publications of America (Firm) III. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of The Indian wars of the West and frontier army life, 1862–1898. [E81] 978'.02—dc21 98-12605 CIP Copyright © 1998 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-598-9. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note ................................................................................................. v Arrangement of Material .................................................................................................. ix List of Contributing Institutions ..................................................................................... xi Source Note .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]