DOCSLIB.ORG

9730 Ira.Ant. 02 Vallat

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
9730 Ira.Ant. 02 Vallat Iranica Antiqua, vol. XXXII, 1997 NOUVEAUX PROBLEMES DE SUCCESSION EN ELAM PAR F. VALLAT CNRS, Paris Périodiquement, des origines de l'assyriologie à nos jours, des théories plus ou moins farfelues ont embrouillé les données essentielles pour la reconstitution de l'Histoire élamite. Mais le comble est atteint avec un article intitulé «RuÌusak — mar aÌatim: la transmission du pouvoir en Elam» qui vient de paraître dans le Journal Asiatique1. Le problème de la succession en Elam a été abordé à plusieurs reprises2 et j'en ai présenté récemment la synthèse partielle consacrée au IIe millé- naire3. La principale conclusion de cet article consiste à démontrer que l'expression élamite ruhu-sak signifie «fils né de l'union du roi avec sa propre sœur» mais que, dans les titulatures, le plus souvent, ces deux mots n'expriment que la «légitimité» du souverain sans représenter un lien bio- logique quelconque. Comme le ruhu-sak élamite est rendu en «accadien de Suse» par mar ahati qui, en Mésopotamie, signifie «neveu», on en a déduit, depuis fort longtemps, que le pouvoir élamite passait du roi à son neveu. C'est la théorie reprise ici par Glassner qui pense pouvoir la renforcer par l'analyse de différents termes élamites concernant les liens de parenté, en particulier a'ani- et kus-huhun. Il est curieux de constater d'emblée que Glassner réfute une théorie qu'il n'a pas comprise! Ainsi, (op.cit. p. 221) il écrit: «Ils [les tenants de l'autre théorie] tirent parfois argument d'une inscription de Silhak-Insusi- nak dans laquelle celui-ci se proclame sak, «fils», de Sutruk-Nahhunte, et ruhu hanik, «rejeton bien-aimé», de Peyak (personnage du sexe féminin 1 J.-J. GLASSNER, 1994. Cette théorie avait déjà été exposée lors de la Table Ronde consacrée aux «Relations suso-babyloniennes d'Ibbi-Sin à Kurigalzu» qui a eu lieu à Gand les 17-20 mars 1994. 2 F. VALLAT, 1978, 1985, 1990. 3 Idem, 1994. 54 F. VALLAT totalement inconnu dont on suppute, avec vraisemblance, qu'elle est sa mère), pour affirmer que sak doit renvoyer à la figure du père et ruhu à celle de la mère. Partant, ruhusak, un composé de ruhu et de sak, renver- rait au couple du père et de la mère; la tradition akkadienne viendrait com- pléter le témoignage de l'élamite en permettant de préciser que l'épouse est une sœur de l'époux, Peyak devenant, du même coup, la sœur-épouse de Sutruk-Nahhunte.» A ma connaissance, personne n'a jamais écrit que Peyak était la sœur- épouse de Sutruk-Nahhunte, ni les anciens, ni les modernes! Au contraire, cette double filiation permet de démontrer que Peyak et Sutruk- Nahhunte ne sont pas frère et sœur! En effet, Silhak-Insusinak se dit «fils» (sak) de Sutruk-Nahhunte et «fils» (ruhu) de Peyak. Mais il ne se dit jamais ruhu-sak de Sutruk-Nahhunte. C'est seulement dans l'éventua- lité où le composé ruhu-sak est utilisé qu'il y a union (souvent fictive, rappelons-le ) entre le frère et la sœur! Comment peut-on désormais suivre une théorie dont les bases sont erronées? Et pourtant, le comble n'est pas atteint! Pour nier que sak signifie «fils» par rapport au père et ruhu «fils» par rapport à la mère, Glassner prétend (op. cit. p. 223) que le dieu «Hutran est présenté, indifféremment, soit comme ruhu hanik «rejeton bien-aimé», de la déesse Kiririsa, soit comme sak hanik, «fils bien-aimé», de la même mère.» Or, cette affirmation repose sur un texte qui n'existe pas!!! En effet, le passage utilisé comme fondement de la théorie est une phrase reconstituée de manière erronée par F.W. König (EKI 49 VII): [e d]Hu-ut-ra-an sa-ak h[a?-ni-ik dKi-ri-ri-is-sa] «[O Gott] Hutran, gel[iebter]? Sohn der [Kiririssa]» Mais depuis que F.W. König a publié ce texte, un joint de cette inscrip- tion a été retrouvé dans les réserves du Louvre, joint qui permet de resti- tuer le passage ainsi: ú [mKi-tin-d]Hu-ut-ra-an sa-ak m[Pa-hi-ir-is]-sa-an-gi-ik «Je (suis) Kitin-Hutran, fils de Pahir-issan», 4 V. SCHEIL, MDP 5, LXXVI. 5 M.-J. STEVE et F. VALLAT, 1989, 224, ligne 12. NOUVEAUX PROBLEMES DE SUCCESSION EN ELAM 55 comme V. Scheil4 l'avait déjà suggéré et comme M.-J. Steve et moi l'avons montré5. Ainsi, l'élément fondamental de la théorie6 de Glassner s'écroule! Il importe maintenant de présenter une analyse des deux termes de parenté qu'il avance à l'appui de sa théorie, a'ani- et kus-huhun. Pour lui, «a'ani signale le groupe de parenté que les enfants forment avec leur mère, kus-huhun dit le groupe que ces mêmes enfants forment avec leur père». a'ani serait «la famille d'origine» tandis que kus-huhun serait la «famille d'alliance» (op.cit. p. 225-26)! Le sens d'a-a-ni-ir/ip Différents textes permettent de cerner le sens d'a-a-ni-ir/ip. Ainsi, une inscription des takkime7 de Hutelutus-Insusinak (EKI 60 II) men- tionne: takkime-ume takkime igi sutu-upeni takkime ruhu-sak-upeni takkime ruhupak-upeni a-a-ni-ip-ù-pè intikka «pour ma vie, la vie de mes frères et sœurs, la vie de mes ruhu-sak, la vie de mes ruhu-pak, mes a-a-ni-ip» Il apparaît que chaque membre de la phrase est précédé par takkime sauf a-a-ni-ip. On peut en conclure logiquement que a-a-ni-ip est une apposition, soit de l'ensemble, soit des derniers éléments. Cette ambiguïté peut être immédiatement levée grâce à une autre inscription des takkime du même Hutelutus-Insusinak, la brique dite d'Ansan8 qui, bien que plus complète que la précédente, suit un schéma analogue: 6 La méthode qui consiste à élaborer toute une théorie à partir d'un seul texte est déjà très aléatoire. Mais lorsque le texte en question est gravement mutilé, c'est absurde. En outre, F.W. KÖNIG émet des doutes sur sa propre reconstitution en écrivant sa-ak h[a?-ni-ik]. Or, si on se rapporte à la photographie (M.-J. STEVE, F. VALLAT, 1989, 236, 2, 12), il est clair que le signe qui suit sak est le déterminatif masculin, le clou vertical. 7 Les inscriptions dites «des takkime» sont des textes, généralement dédicatoires, dans lesquels un souverain sollicite la grâce divine pour sa vie (takkime) et celles de certains membres de sa famille qui sont parfois tous nommément énumérés. 8 M. LAMBERT, 1972 et E. REINER, 1973. 56 F. VALLAT takkime-ume, takkime NP1, takkime NP2 …. takkime NP9 igi-sutu- upeme takkime fUtuk-hute-kasan, ruhu-pak Hutelutus-Insusinak-rime takkime mTemti-pitet, ruhu-sak Hutelutus-Insusinak-rime a-a-ni-ip-ú- pè intikka «pour ma vie, la vie de NP1, la vie de NP2 … la vie de NP9, mes frères et sœurs, la vie de Utuk-hute-kasan, la ruhu-pak de Hutelutus- Insusinak, la vie de Temti-pitet, le ruhu-sak de Hutelutus-Insusinak, mes a-a-ni-ip Ainsi, comme les 9 personnages nommément énumérés sont identifiés par une apposition: «mes frères et sœurs», les deux derniers, ruhu-pak et ruhu-sak sont les a-a-ni-ip de Hutelutus-Insusinak, comme dans le texte précédent. Le terme a-a-ni-ip apparaît donc bien comme une épithète des ruhu-sak et des ruhu-pak. Cette interprétation est d'ailleurs confirmée par deux inscriptions des hut-halikpi9 de Silhak-Insusinak aujourd'hui partielles qui portaient le même texte. Le début est en EKI 47 §13 et la seconde partie en EKI 46 §11, quelques lignes médianes étant communes aux deux frag- ments. L'énumération des bénéficiaires des hut-halikpi commence par les deux prédécesseurs de Silhak-Insusinak, Sutruk-Nahhunte son «père aimé» et Kutir-Nahhunte, son «frère aîmé». Puis vient le locuteur de l'inscription, Silhak-Insusinak et son épouse Nahhunte-utu, sans aucune titulature. Ils sont suivis par un «frère aimé» du roi qui précède huit personnages nom- mément cités selon l'ordre de leur naissance, de Hutelutus-Insusinak à Lili-irtas10. Cette énumération se termine par: puhu kusik-upe ak Nahhunte-utu-pe a-a-ni-ip nika-pè ur-pa-pu-up 9 Les hut-halikpi sont des «figurines» de divinités et de membres de la famille royale conservées dans le kumpum kiduia, le «temple extérieur», construit à l'extérieur de l'Acropole. Il a été partiellement détruit par les architectes de Darius lorsqu'ils ont édifié l'Apadana. Plusieurs briques portant l'inscription du kumpum kiduia (EKI 29; 32, 43, [46], 47) ont été retrouvées in situ dans les fondations à l'angle nord-est de cette salle. 10 En EKI 47, le dernier enfant de Nahhunte-Utu mentionné est Lilir-tas (8e) tandis qu'en EKI 45, il s'agit de Temti-tur-katas (7e). NOUVEAUX PROBLEMES DE SUCCESSION EN ELAM 57 La première formule puhu kusik-upe ak Nahhunte-utu-pe ne fait pas problème: «les enfants conçus par moi et par Nahhunte-utu» qui représente une apposition située sur le même plan grammatical que les «père aimé», «frère aîné», «frère aimé», du début de l'inscription. Ces appositions servent à identifier clairement les personnages mention- nés. La seconde formule «nos a-a-ni-ip» a été interprétée de manières dif- férentes. F.W. König propose pour l'ensemble: «die Nachkommen, die von mir gezeugt wurden und von der Nahhunte-utu, unsere Verwandten, die vor mir?».
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Megillat Esther
    The Steinsaltz Megillot Megillot Translation and Commentary Megillat Esther Commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz Koren Publishers Jerusalem Editor in Chief Rabbi Jason Rappoport Copy Editors Caryn Meltz, Manager The Steinsaltz Megillot Aliza Israel, Consultant Esther Debbie Ismailoff, Senior Copy Editor Ita Olesker, Senior Copy Editor Commentary by Chava Boylan Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz Suri Brand Ilana Brown Koren Publishers Jerusalem Ltd. Carolyn Budow Ben-David POB 4044, Jerusalem 91040, ISRAEL Rachelle Emanuel POB 8531, New Milford, CT 06776, USA Charmaine Gruber Deborah Meghnagi Bailey www.korenpub.com Deena Nataf Dvora Rhein All rights reserved to Adin Steinsaltz © 2015, 2019 Elisheva Ruffer First edition 2019 Ilana Sobel Koren Tanakh Font © 1962, 2019 Koren Publishers Jerusalem Ltd. Maps Editors Koren Siddur Font and text design © 1981, 2019 Koren Publishers Jerusalem Ltd. Ilana Sobel, Map Curator Steinsaltz Center is the parent organization Rabbi Dr. Joshua Amaru, Senior Map Editor of institutions established by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz Rabbi Alan Haber POB 45187, Jerusalem 91450 ISRAEL Rabbi Aryeh Sklar Telephone: +972 2 646 0900, Fax +972 2 624 9454 www.steinsaltz-center.org Language Experts Dr. Stéphanie E. Binder, Greek & Latin Considerable research and expense have gone into the creation of this publication. Rabbi Yaakov Hoffman, Arabic Unauthorized copying may be considered geneivat da’at and breach of copyright law. Dr. Shai Secunda, Persian No part of this publication (content or design, including use of the Koren fonts) may Shira Shmidman, Aramaic be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Assyrian Dictionary
    oi.uchicago.edu THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO EDITORIAL BOARD IGNACE J. GELB, THORKILD JACOBSEN, BENNO LANDSBERGER, A. LEO OPPENHEIM 1956 PUBLISHED BY THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO 37, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. AND J. J. AUGUSTIN VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG, GLOCKSTADT, GERMANY oi.uchicago.edu INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER: 0-918986-11-7 (SET: 0-918986-05-2) LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 56-58292 ©1956 by THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Fifth Printing 1995 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA COMPOSITION BY J. J. AUGUSTIN, GLUCKSTADT oi.uchicago.edu THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY VOLUME 5 G A. LEO OPPENHEIM, EDITOR-IN-CHARGE WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ERICA REINER AND MICHAEL B. ROWTON RICHARD T. HALLOCK, EDITORIAL SECRETARY oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Foreword The present volume of the CAD follows in general the pattern established in Vol. 6 (H). Only in minor points such as the organization of the semantic section, and especially in the lay-out of the printed text, have certain simplifications and improvements been introduced which are meant to facilitate the use of the book. On p. 149ff. additions and corrections to Vol. 6 are listed and it is planned to continue this practice in the subsequent volumes of the CAD in order to list new words and important new references, as well as to correct mistakes made in previous volumes. The Supplement Volume will collect and republish alphabetically all that material. The Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations has likewise been brought a jour.
    [Show full text]
  • Elamo-Hittitica I: an Elamite Goddess in Hittite Court 07 3
    Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture www.dabirjournal.org Digital Archive of Brief notes & Iran Review ISSN: 2470-4040 Vol.01 No.03.2017 1 xšnaoθrahe ahurahe mazdå Detail from above the entrance of Tehran’s fire temple, 1286š/1917–18. Photo by © Shervin Farridnejad The Digital Archive of Brief notes & Iran Review (DABIR) ISSN: 2470-4040 www.dabirjournal.org Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture University of California, Irvine 1st Floor Humanities Gateway Irvine, CA 92697-3370 Editor-in-Chief Touraj Daryaee (University of California, Irvine) Editors Parsa Daneshmand (Oxford University) Arash Zeini (Freie Universität Berlin) Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin) Book Review Editor Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin) Editorial Assistants Ani Honarchian (UCLA) Sara Mashayekh (UCI) Advisory Board Samra Azarnouche (École pratique des hautes études); Dominic P. Brookshaw (Oxford University); Matthew Canepa (University of Minnesota); Ashk Dahlén (Uppsala University) Peyvand Firouzeh (Cambridge University); Leonardo Gregoratti (Durham University); Frantz Grenet (Collège de France); Wouter F.M. Henkelman (École Pratique des Hautes Études); Rasoul Jafarian (Tehran University); Nasir al-Ka‘abi (University of Kufa); Andromache Karanika (UC Irvine); Agnes Korn (Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main); Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones (University of Edinburgh); Jason Mokhtarain (University of Indiana); Ali Mousavi (UC Irvine); Mahmoud Omidsalar (CSU Los Angeles); Antonio Panaino (University of Bologna); Alka Patel (UC Irvine); Richard Payne (University of Chicago); Khoda- dad Rezakhani (Princeton University); Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis (British Museum); M. Rahim Shayegan (UCLA); Rolf Strootman (Utrecht University); Giusto Traina (University of Paris-Sorbonne); Mohsen Zakeri (University of Göttingen) Logo design by Charles Li Layout and typesetting by Kourosh Beighpour Contents Notes 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Chastised Rulers in the Ancient Near East
    Chastised Rulers in the Ancient Near East Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By J. H. Price, M.A., B.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Samuel A. Meier, Advisor Daniel Frank Carolina López-Ruiz Bill T. Arnold Copyright by J. H. Price 2015 Abstract In the ancient world, kings were a common subject of literary activity, as they played significant social, economic, and religious roles in the ancient Near East. Unsurprisingly, the praiseworthy deeds of kings were often memorialized in ancient literature. However, in some texts kings were remembered for criminal acts that brought punishment from the god(s). From these documents, which date from the second to the first millennium BCE, we learn that royal acts of sacrilege were believed to have altered the fate of the offending king, his people, or his nation. These chastised rulers are the subject of this this dissertation. In the pages that follow, the violations committed by these rulers are collected, explained, and compared, as are the divine punishments that resulted from royal sacrilege. Though attestations are concentrated in the Hebrew Bible and Mesopotamian literature, the very fact that the chastised ruler type also surfaces in Ugaritic, Hittite, and Northwest Semitic texts suggests that the concept was an integral part of ancient near eastern kingship ideologies. Thus, this dissertation will also explain the relationship between kings and gods and the unifying aspect of kingship that gave rise to the chastised ruler concept across the ancient Near East.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State D
    Cambridge University Press 0521563585 - The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State D. T. Potts Index More information INDEX A’abba, 179 Aleppo, 169, 170 Apollophanos, 364, 369 Aahitek, 207, 208 Alexander, the Great, 348–50, apples, 137 Abadan, 14 355; I Balas, 373, 383, 387, 388 Arahir, 136 Aba-Enlilgim, 140 al-Hiba, 92, 95 Aramaic, 384, 399, 424 Abalgamash, 105, 106 Ali Kosh, see Tepe Ali Kosh Arashu, 285 Abbashaga, 135, 140 Allabria, 263 Arawa, 89; see also Urua Ab-i-Diz, see Diz Allahad, 168 Arbimazbi, 140 Ab-i-Marik, 22 almond, 155 Archalos, 349 Abiradu, 328 Altyn-depe, 118 archons, at Susa, 363 Abu Fanduweh, 55 Alumiddatum, 136, 138, 141 Ardashir, 410–16, Fig. 11.2 Abu Salabikh, 58, 88, 242 Amar-Sin, 135, 137, Areia, 323 Abulites, 348–50 ambassadors, 138–9 Argishti-henele, 301 Aburanum, 137 amber, 33 Ariaramnes, 287 accountancy, 59–60 Amedirra, 283 Arjan, 124, 303–6, 412 Achaemenes, 287 Amel-Marduk, 293 armour, 203, 277 Açina, 317–18 Ammiditana, 171 aromatics, see incense Acropole, see Susa, Acropole Ammisaduqa, 165, 189 Arrapha/Arraphe, 242 Acts, Book of (2.9), 3 Amorites, 167 arrowheads, copper/bronze, 95 Adab, 121 Ampe, 391 Arsaces, 376–7, 388, 391, 392 Adad, 347 Ampirish, 306 Arsames, 287 Adad-erish, 204 Amurru, 193 arsenic, 218 Adad-nirari III, 263 Amygdalus, 23 Artabanus I, 391; II, 391; III, 369; Adad-rabi, 177 An(?)turza, 347 IV, 401, 412 Adad-sharru-rabu, 191 Anahita, 383 Artaxerxes I, 335, 337, 318; II, 7, Adad-shuma-iddina, 231 Anarak, 33, 34 335, 337, 359; III, 339 Adad-shuma-usur,
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix Epsilon
    Appendix Epsilon: The Pavia Intellectual Line Connecting brothers of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity at Cornell University, tracing their fraternal Big Brother/Little Brother line to tri-Founder John Andrew Rea (1869) John Andrew Rea, tri-founder of Phi Kappa Psi at Cornell . . was advised by Andrew Dickson White, . Olybrius was nephew to Flavius President of Cornell . Maximus . who was lectured by, and referred Jack . Flavius Maximus was grandson to Sextus Rea to, Washington Irving . Probus . and then through the Halle line, Appendix . Sextus Probus was son-in-law and first Delta, to the University of Pavia . cousin to Quintus Olybrius . . Pavia was elevated by the Carolingian . Quintus Olybrius was the son of to Clodius Emperor Lothair . Celsinus Adelphus spouse to Faltonia Betitia Proba . whose grandfather deposed the last . all of the above were Neo-Platonists in the Lombardic king Desiderius . tradition of Plotinus . who ruled in succession to the founder of . Plotimus was a student of Ammonius, he of his dynasty, Alboin . Numenius, he of Pythagoras, he of Pherecydes . Alboin forcefully married Rosamund, . Pythagoras also studied under princess of the Gepids . Anaximenes, he under Anaximander, he under Thales . Rosamund was daugther to Cunimund, last . king of the Gepids. Thales studied in the school of Egyption priest Petiese, who was invested by king Psamtik . the story of Cunimund’s court was . who served under Assyria king preserved by Cassiodorus . Esarhaddon, successor to Sennencherib . . Cassiodorus succeeded Boethius as first . successor to the two Sargons . Minister to the Ostrogoths . Boethius was grandson of Emperor Olybrius . Below we present short biographies of the Pavia intellectual line of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity at Cornell University.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical and Onomastic Notes* RAN ZADOK Tel-Aviv University
    Geographical and Onomastic Notes* RAN ZADOK Tel-Aviv University 1. The Geographical and Onomastic Background of 2 Kgs. 17 :24-31; 18:33-19: 13 This note deals mainly with the origin of the settlers who were brought to Samaria by the "king of Assyria" according to 2 Kgs . 17 :24-31. It is our main purpose here to support G. R. Driver's argument I that these settlers did not come from Syria, as alleged by some scholars.2 We may corroborate this view by evidence drawn from both Biblical and cuneiform sources. First we shall consider the Biblical sources. Let us examine the arrangement of the political units in 2 Kgs . 18: 33-19: 13 (with a somewhat abridged duplicate in Isa. 36 : 12-3 7: 13). The Biblical account consists of two parts; Rabshakeh's address (2 Kgs. 18: 19-3 5 ; Isa. 36; 12-20) 3 ·Abbreviations follow CAD except for the following: AJP = American Journal of Philology; Be nz, PNPPI = F. L. Benz, Personal Names in the Phoenician and Punic Inscriptions, Studia Pohl8 (Rome, 1972) ; Buccellati, The Amontes = G. Buccellati, The Amontes of the Ur III Penod, Pubblicazioni del Seminario di Semitica, Riccrche 1 (Naples, 1966); Driver, Aram. Doc. = G. R. Driver, Aramaic Documents of the Fifth Ce ntury B. C. (Oxford 1954); Ephem. = M. Lidzbarski, Ephemeris flJr semitische Epigraphik, 1-3 (Giessen , 1902-15); Fales, Censimenti = F. M. Fales, Censimenti e catasti di epoca neo·assira (Rome, 1973) ;HdA W = Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft; Huffmon, APNMT = H. B. Huffmon, Amorite Personal Names in the Man Texts (Baltimore, 1965); Jean-Hoftijzer, DISO = C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elamite Family (The Royal Family, Adoptions)
    Mundo Elamita 2016/2 THE ELAMITE FAMILY (THE ROYAL FAMILY, ADOPTIONS) Enrique Quintana Centr o de Estudios del Próximo Oriente y la A ntigüedad T ardía (CEPOAT) Universidad de Murcia (España) Centre for Near Eastern and Late Antiquity Studies (CEPOAT) University of Murcia (Spain) ABSTRACT The present topic is little known. No great interest has been dedicated to it. Only when studying the in herita nce right to the throne scholars have glancingly mentioned some thing about famil y relations. The ancient royal incest theory has attracted most attention. Royal marriage between brother and sister, father and daughter, mother and son, has been in vogue among scholars, though not generally accepted. This theory, being definitely challenged and contested, due to the lack of any textual base, has not been followed nor incorporated. With the scarce documental sources at hand, the Elamite family is introduced unadorned. From the texts it appears a surprisingly monogamous ro yal Elamite family. INDEX INTRODUCTION THE ELAMITE KINSHIP DESIGNATIONS FAMILIAL IMAGERY IN ELAMITE ART POLITICAL MARRIAGES WITH FOREIGN PRINCESSES FILIATION AND LEGAL INHERITANCE OF THE THRONE LEGAL OR JURIDICAL FAMILY, ADOPTIONS FAMILY MEMBERS, LARGE FAMILY, KINGS WITHOUT CHILDREN ELAMITE ROYAL MONOGAMY ELAMITE FAMILY ACTIVITIES Copyright © 2016 C.E.P.O.A.T. - Instituto del Próximo Oriente Antiguo y de la Antigüedad Tardía. Murcia. http://www.um.es/cepoat/ elamita. Mundo Elamita 2016/2 INTRODUCTION Elam was a civilization that roughly extended throughout three thousand years BC, wherefore it is a usual practice to divide the Elamite History into three parts according to the time the Elamite people lived, third millennium, second millennium and first mill ennium.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Thesis
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Surpassing All Other Kings Mesopotamian kingship ideology in the Gilgamesh tradition and the Alexander the Great narratives Ryan, James Richard Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 PhD Classics Research Dr James Ryan King’s College London Surpassing All Other Kings: Mesopotamian kingship ideology in the Gilgamesh tradition and the Alexander the Great narratives By Dr James Richard Ryan PhD Classics Research 2017 An AHRC funded project 1 PhD Classics Research Dr James Ryan King’s College London Dedication For Claire 2 PhD Classics Research Dr James Ryan King’s College London Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful to Dr Lindsay Allen and Prof Hugh Bowden, my doctoral supervisors, for their patience, counsel, and insight.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assyrian Motif in the Shahnama
    Iranica Antiqua, vol. XXXVIII, 2003 AN ASSYRIAN MOTIF IN THE SHAHNAMA BY Parivash JAMZADEH In the accounts of the last Dara in the Shahnama of Firdawsi relating to the wars of Darius III the Achaemenid king (336-330 B.C.) with Alexan- der and his flight from the Greek army, occurs the description of a scene that finds close similarities with the victory relief of Assurbanipal (668- 627 B.C.) at his palace in Nineveh (Pl. 1). Furthermore, other features in this section of the Book of Kings dealing with the last hours of the last Achaemenid king also find parallels in the final destiny of the last inde- pendent Elamite king Tempt-Humban-Inshushinak (668-653 B.C.) known in Assyrian sources as Te-Umman. It is argued that the tradition of the court poets and minstrels at the service of powerful kings would have facilitated the transference of certain knowledge, while a folkloric story emanating from the common pool of the historic memories of Elamites and Persians who for centuries had peacefully co-existed in the south and west of Iran seems to have affected and modified to a certain degree and in stages, the transmission of the original strand of information. According to the Shahnama, Dara following his defeat from the forces of Alexander at a river, sends him a letter asking for clemency as well as the safe return of his family members. Alexander upon reading the letter exclaims that naturally any sacrilegious acts or even any ill intent towards the deposed king's relatives would only result in disaster for the perpetra- tor and so to explain his intention uses an edifying example that comes close to the description of the Assurbanipal relief.
    [Show full text]
  • Anāhitā: Transformations of an Iranian Goddess Inauguraldissertation Zur
    Anāhitā: Transformations of an Iranian Goddess Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie dem Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Manya Saadi-nejad 2019 First Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Maria Macuch Second Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Almut Hintze Date of defense: 15 April 2019 ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements vii A Note on Transcriptions viii Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 Chapter One: Scholarly Studies on Anāhitā 10 1.1 The Yašts and “monotheism” 13 1.1.1 The Ābān Yašt 14 1.2 Anāhitā’s Roots 15 1.3 Anāhitā’s Name and Epithets 20 1.4 Anāhitā’s description 23 Chapter Two: The Primary Sources 31 2.1 The Textual Sources in Iranian Languages: Avestan Texts 33 2.1.1 The Yasna 34 2.1.2 The Yašts 35 2.1.3 The Hāδōxt Nask 37 2.2 Middle Persian Sources 37 2.2.1 The Bundahišn 38 2.2.2 The Dēnkard 39 2.2.3 The Wizīdagīhā-ī Zādspram 40 2.2.4 The Zand ī Wahman Yasn 41 2.2.5 The Dādestān ī Mēnog ī Xrad 42 2.2.6 The Ardā Wīrāz nāmag 42 2.2.7 The Abadīh ud sahīgīh ī Sag(k)istān 43 2.2.8 The Ayādgār ī Wuzurg-mihr 43 2.3 Old and Middle Persian Inscriptions and Iconography 44 2.4 The Greco-Roman Texts 45 2.5 Vedic sources 46 2.6 Mesopotamian sources 47 2.7 Archaeological Sources 49 2.7.1 Indo-European Archeological Sites 49 2.7.2 Archaeological Sites in Iran 50 2.7.2.1 Anāhitā’s Temples 51 2.8 Sources from the Islamic Period 52 2.8.1 The Šāh-nāmeh (“Book of Kings”) 52 2.8.2 Other Sources from the Islamic Period 54 2.8.3 Oral and Folk Traditions 55 2.9 Problems
    [Show full text]
  • A Review and Analysis of Religious, Political and Social Structure of Elam
    WALIA journal 31(S1): 133-140, 2015 Available online at www.Waliaj.com ISSN 1026-3861 © 2015 WALIA A Review and Analysis of Religious, Political and Social Structure of Elam Dr. Mohammad Taghi Fazeli 1,*, Mohammad Reza Masih Rad 2 1Department of Archaeology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran 2M.A. Student of Ancient History of Iran, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran Abstract: Elamites had reigned from forth millennium to first millennium BC on a large part of southwest of Iran. For about 2500 years of a history full of conflicts, they could defeat invades of their powerful neighbors including Sumer, Akkad and Babylon and kept protected their independency and identity, but finally they assigned their reign to Assyrian. Elamites kept some features of their civilization including matriarchy system (transfer of king parentage from mother) and also their religion. The remained evidences show influence of Elamite religion on Elamite kings and people and they also show that Elamite religion has common points and discrete features with Mesopotamian religion. However, powerful state of Elam had continued for about 3000 years, from 3500 BC to 645 BC. Key words: Elam; Religion; Society; Politics; Sumer; Mesopotamia 1. Introduction state had continued for about 3000 years. Simultaneously with Sumerian, Elamites established *We have no accurate knowledge about cradle of their state or government which reigned on Elamites. There are some works and buildings Khuzestan, Bakhtiari mountains, Lorestan, remained from residence of Elamites in Khuz plains Poshtkouh and Anshān. Their capital was šuša and (north of Persian Gulf) belonging to forth millennium their most important cities include Ahvaz and BC.
    [Show full text]