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Presidentresident Ooff Thethe Rrepublicepublic Ooff Llithuaniaithuania Presidential Institution IINSTITUTIONNSTITUTION OOFF THETHE PPRESIDENTRESIDENT OOFF THETHE RREPUBLICEPUBLIC OOFF LLITHUANIAITHUANIA PRESIDENTIAL INSTITUTION Presidential Institution 4 Presidential Functions 6 Presidential Activities 8 History 10 CONTENTS PRESIDENT Biography 12 Leisure and Interests 13 PRESIDENTIAL PALACE Presidential Palace: Facts 14 Presidential Palace: History 16 Inside the Palace: Executive Office of the President 18 Ceremonial Staircase. The Negotiations Hall 20 The Blue Hall 21 The White Hall 22 The Meeting Hall. The Consultations Hall 24 The Column Hall. The Green Hall 25 The Hall of Maps. The Hall of Ambassadors 26 The Waiting Room 27 “We say: human life is an absolute value. We have to surround it with truth and justice and to protect it by laws and state institutions. By the presiden- tial powers conferred upon me, I strive for an honest and truthful, thoughtful and helpful, responsible and moral civil service system to be established at all levels in Lithuania, operating on the principle of serving, not governing, the people, i.e. providing them with help, assistance and the possibility of making a choice. We do not need hollow slogans; what we need is dynamic and pro-active patriotism and citizens deeply feeling for and cherishing their Homeland, those who are ready to give and sacrifice. [...] Living in Homeland means working and creating steadily and continu- ously, it means maturing and giving growth to others. I invite us all to join our efforts in this work and I call on you to help me so that I can help you. You can do anything – I mean everything or almost everything My heart, my experience, my abilities are with you and for you. I have no other goal. I will not promise you an easier life, because there is no easy life anywhere. I invite you to work together to make our life easier.” Inaugural Address by President Valdas Adamkus, Cathedral Square, 26 February 1998 PRESIDENTIAL INSTITUTION The original meaning of the Latin word praesidens (praesidentis) is “the presiding one.” The President of the Republic of Lithuania is Head of State. He represents the State of Lithuania and performs everything with which he is charged by the Constitution and laws. The President of the Republic is elected by the citizens of the Republic of Lithuania for a five-year term by univer- sal, equal, and direct suffrage by secret ballot. A Lithuanian citizen by origin, who has lived in Lithuania for not less than the last three years and who is not bound by an oath or pledge to a foreign state, if he has reached the age of not less than 40 prior to the election day and if he has not been recognized incapable by court or has not served any punishment imposed by a court judgment, may be elected President of the Republic. 1. 2. 4. CITIZENSHIP HONESTY 3. SERVING THE PEOPLE 4. The President‘s term of office begins aer he, in the presence of Members of the The title of the President of the Republic is conferred for a lifetime. In the event that Seimas, takes an oath to the Nation. the President is unable for some reason to hold office, it is temporarily held by the Speaker of the Seimas. “I, Valdas Adamkus, swear to the People to be faithful to the Republic of Lithuania and its Consti- The President of the Republic forms a team of advisers of political confidence. Taking tution, to respect and implement the laws, and to protect the integrity of the into account the priorities listed by the President in his agenda, permanent groups territories of Lithuania; of advisers are set up. The Press Service also assists the President in his activities. swear to conscientiously execute the Office of President of the Republic and The Office of the President helps the President realize his functions by taking care of to be equally just to each individual; financial, economic maintenance and other maers. swear to strengthen, to the best of my ability, the independence of Lithuania, and to serve the Homeland, democracy and the well-being of the people of Lithuania. So help me God!” 5. PRESIDENTIAL FUNCTIONS RESPONSIBILITY DUTY 5. OPENESS 6. In Lithuania, State power shall be executed by the Seimas, the President of the President Holds Primary Powers in Foreign Policy Maers: Republic and the Government, and the Judiciary. The scope of power shall be limited by the Constitution. • The President decides the basic issues of foreign policy and, together with the State institutions shall serve the people. Government, conducts foreign policy. Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania • He signs international treaties and submits them to the Seimas for ratification. • The President appoints and recalls, upon the submission of the Government, diplomatic representatives of the Republic of Lithuania to foreign states and in- ternational organizations. •He receives leers of credence and recall of diplomatic representatives of for- eign states; confers the highest diplomatic ranks and special titles. 6. 7. 8. 9. President Performs Significant Functions in Domestic Policy: President Acts as Major Guarantor of Effective Judiciary: • The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the State. • The President submits candidatures of the Supreme Court justices and a candi- • He heads the State Defense Council; and he confers the highest military dature for the President of the Supreme Court to the Seimas. ranks. • He appoints judges and the President of the Court of Appeal. • The President appoints and dismisses, upon the assent of the Seimas, the Com- • The President appoints judges and presidents of regional and local courts. mander of the Armed Forces and the Head of the Security Service. • He submits to the Seimas the candidatures for three justices of the Constitu- • He holds the right of legislative initiative at the Seimas and also the right to tional Court and a candidature for the President of the Constitutional Court. veto the laws passed by the Seimas. • The President appoints and dismisses, upon the assent of the Seimas, the Prime The President grants citizenship of the Republic of Lithuania, grants pardons to Minister. He charges him to form the Government and approves its composition. convicted persons, and confers State decorations of 32 classes. • The President has the right to apply to the Constitutional Court. • In cases provided for by the Constitution, the President may dissolve the Seimas. 7. PRESIDENTIAL ACTIVITIES TRANSPARENCY COOPERATION 10. SINCERITY 11. 12. Although the presidential functions are listed in the Constitution of the Republic public support also constitute an important factor, giving special weight to his of Lithuania, each president moulds and reshapes the presidential institution political activity. through his activities. For example, the Constitution states that the President decides the basic issues of foreign policy. It is the prerogative of the President, In foreign policy, the Constitution provides for close cooperation between the Seimas and Government to agree on and define such issues. President, Seimas and Government. In respect of foreign policy maers, the po- litical weight of the institutions in which each of the powers is vested depends on At the beginning of each term of office, the president sets the priorities of future the activity of the relevant institution and the authority it wields in society. activity. Based on these priorities, he forms the presidential team and adopts the presidential agenda. The Constitution provides for a number of models of The active stance taken by President Valdas Adamkus in respect of the situa- presidential activity, which are predetermined by the president’s personality, tion in Ukraine not only increased Lithuania’s international authority but also international and local political situation. The President’s moral authority and showed the wide range of possible international activities by the president. 8. The annual reports delivered by the President at the Seimas have become a significant political event on the domestic scene. The State of the Nation Address focuses on key foreign and domestic issues and also defines urgent questions for political deliberation. The President may affect the political agenda by submiing dra laws to the Seimas or referring the laws passed to the Seimas for reconsideration. A steady and continuous dialogue between the President and rep- resentatives of other state institutions, including meetings with parliamentary groups, Speaker of the Seimas, Prime Minister, Ministers, Prosecutor General, and judges of courts, is of immense importance. 13. 14. 9. HISTORY In March of 1919, the Council of On May 15. 1920, the Constitu- Lithuania elected Antanas Sme- ent Seimas proclaimed Lithuania tona the first President of the Re- a democratic republic. On April public of Lithuania. The President 10, the Provisional Constitution and the Cabinet of Ministers were was adopted which provided for granted legislative powers. The the election of the President by the Constituent Seimas was elected on Seimas. Before the elections, the April 14-15, 1920, pursuant to the Speaker of the Seimas, Aleksan- Law on Elections passed in 1919. dras Stulginskis, carried out the duties of President. Later, in 1922 he was elected President and re- elected in 1923. 16. 17. 18. The Provisional Constitution of 4 April 1919 established for the first time the constitutional status of the President of the Republic of Lithuania. It provided for a presidential republic headed by the Head of State with vast powers. Based on this model, the Seimas would pass dra legislation to become laws only aer the President’s special approval. The Provisional Constitution of 12 June 1920 reduced the role of the President and it was even decided not to elect the President and his duties were carried out by the Speaker of the Constituent Seimas. The Constitution of 8 August 1922 established a parliamentary system It provided the President with a minor role: the President was elected by the Seimas and he was also politically dependant on the Seimas.
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