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Home , Branko Ve Poljanski, Contimporanul, Felix Aderca, Ion Minulescu, Ion Vinea, Tudor Vianu

Tvrdosijni (The Obstinates) in Prague Stanistav K. Neumann, "And Yet!" Introduction to the first Tvrdosijni'exhibition catalogue (1918) Vaclav Nobesky, "The Obstinates and Friends," Introduction to the third Tvrdosijni exhibition catalogue (1921)

Chapter 4: Art and Revolution

Germany in the Wake of The November Group, "Manifesto" (1918) Walter Gropius, Program of the Bauhaus in Weimar" (1919) Work Council for Art, "Manifesto" (1919) Walter Gropius, On the First Exhibition of The Hungarian Commune The Artists of Ma, "Proclamation for the Communist Republic!" Ma (1918] Lajos Kassak, "Proclamation for Art!" Mo I1918) Georg Kulka, "Soviet Hungary since March 21," (1918) Arpad Szelpal, "Art of the Revolution —Or Art of the Party?" Ma (1919) Lajos Kassak, Excerpts from "Activism," Ma (1919) Beta Uitz, "We Need a Dictatorship!" Vbrbs Ujsag (1919) Ivan Hevesy, "Mass Culture, Mass Art," Ma (1919] Lajos Kassak, "Letter to Bela Kun in the Name Of Art," Ma (1919) Lajos Tihanyi, Letter (c. 1919)

Chapter 5: Form as the Agent of Social Change

Devetsil in Prague and Brno The Devetsil Association of Artists, Statement, Prazke pondeli [1920) Vaclav Nebesky, "Defeatism in Art." Tribuna (1921]

Stanistaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, Excerpts from New Forms in Painting and tht Misunderstandings Arising Therefrom (1919] Stanistaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, "On 'Deformation' in Pictures," Gazeta Wieczorna (1920) Leon Chwistok, Excerpt from "About Multiplicity of Reality in Art" I1921) Tytus Czyzewski, "On 'Green Eye' and his Painting," Formis'ci (1921) Stanistaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, "Aesthetic Sketches" I1922) Tadeusz Peiper, "Point of Departure," Zwrotnica (1922) Tadeusz Peiper, "City. Mass. Machine." Zwrotnica [1922) Wtadystaw Strzemiriski, "Notes on Russian Art," Zwrotnica (1922I Mieczystaw Szczuka, "The Reaction of the Environment," Ljubomir Micic, Ivan Goll and Bosko Tokin, "The Zenithist Manifesto," Zcr 11921) Branko Ve Poljanski, "Manifesto," Svetokret (1921) Ljubomir Micic, "Man and Art," Zenit I1921) Ljubomir Micic, Excerpts from "The Spirit of Zenithism," Zenit (1921) Ivan Goll, " is Dying," Zenit (1921I ramaf. Excerpt from [1921) Budapest uyorgy LUKacs, Forms and the Soul," Excerpt from Richard i (1910! Karoly Kernstok, "Investigative Art," Nyugat I1910) Gyorgy Lukacs, "The Ways Have Parted," Nyugat (1910] Karoly Kernstok, "The Role of the Artist in Society," Huszadik szazad (1912) , Fragment from "Light the Torches," Rcvista celorlatti (1908] N. D. Cocea, "The Exhibit of Painting and Drawing: Derain, Forain, Galanis, Iser," Noua revisto romdna (1909) Theodor Cornel, Fragment from Tinerimea artistica exhibition catalogue I1910) Theodor Cornel, "New Guidelines in Art," Viata sociala I1910] Editors of Invila, Statement I1912) , "Warning," Chemarea I1915)

SECTION 2: ART AND SOCIAL CHANGE

Chapter 3: The Activation of the Avant-Garde

Die Aktion in Franz Pfemfert, "The Possessed," Die Aktion [1914! Ludwig Rubiner, "Listen!" Die Aktion (1916] The Activists in Budapest Bela Balazs, "The Futurists," Nyugat (1912) Dezso Szabo, ": New Possibilities in Art and Life," Nyugot (1913) Lajos Kassak, "To Accompany Carlo D. Carra's Painting Anarchist Funeral, A Tett (1916) Lajos Kassak, "Program," A Tett (1916) Editors of Ma. "Advertisement," Ma I1916I Lajos Kassak, "The Poster and The New Painting," Ma [1916) Lajos Kassak, "For the Comprehensive Mo Exhibition," Mo I1918] Gyorgy Bb'lbni, "Lajos Tihanyi," Ma (1918! Ivan Hevesy, "Janos Mattis-Teutsch," Ma [1918) Lajos Kassak, "Onward on Our Way," Ma I1918) Bela Uitz, "The Galimbertis," Ma (1918) Expressionism and Futurism in Jerzy Hulewicz, "To the Holy Rebel," Zdroj [1918) Stanistaw Kubicki, "Notes," Die Aktion (1918] Zbigniew Pronaszko, "On Jankiel Adter, "Expressionism (Fragments from a Lecture)," Nasz Kurier I1920) Henryk Berlewi, "The Struggle for A New Form," Ringen I1921) El Lissitzky, "Overcoming Art," Ringen I1922) Bruno Jasieiiski, "To the Polish Nation: A Manifesto Concerning the Immediate Futurization of Life," from Jednodniowka futurystow I1921] Bruno Jasieiiski, "Manifesto Concerning Futurist Poetry," from Jednodniowkc futurystow (1921I Bruno Jasieiiski, "A Nife in the Stomak: Futurist Speshal Ishew 2," from Jednodniowka futurystow I1921) SECTION 3: INTERNATIONALISM

309 Chapter 6: International

Zurich and Berlin , "Dada Manifesto," Dado I1918! Raoul Hnusmnnn, Rirhard Huelsenbeck, iofim Golysrhrff, "What is Dndnisr and What Does it Want in Germany?" Der Dodo (1919] Hungarian Dada in Budapest and Janos Macza, "The Black Tomcat," Mo (1921) Sandor Barta, "Green-Headed Man," Ma (1921I Sandor Barta. "The First Gathering of the Mad in a Garbage Bin," Akn<,ztott Ember 1922) ftdon Palasovszky and Ivan Hevesy, "Manifesto" (1922) Sandor Bortnyik, "Green Donkey Pantomime," Periszkop (1925! Poland Stanistaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, "Manifesto (Festo-Mani)," from Pnpicrck takmusowy (1921] Zagreb Branko Ve Poljanski, Selections from Doda-Nyct, insert from 7cnil (1922) Dragan Aieksic, "Dadaism," Zenit (1921] Dragan Aieksic. "Kurt Schwitters Dada," Zenit (1921) Dragan Aieksic, "Tatlin: HPs + Man," Zenit I1921] Branko Ve Poljanski, "Zenith Express" (1922-23) Prague and Brno Roman Jakobson, "Dada," Vestnik teatra (1921) Jaroslav Jira, "The I Jindfich Styrsky, "Picture," Disk I1923) Karet Teige, "Painting and Poetry," Disk (1923) Bedfich Vaclavek, "Creative Dada," Host (1925) Frantisek Halas, Excerpts from "Dadaism" I1925) Karel Teige, Excerpts from "Dada," Host (1926)

Chapter 7: International in Germany and Austria

Congress of International Progressive Artists in Diisseldorf Editors of , et. al., "Congress of International Progressive Artists: A Short Review of the Proceedings," De Stijl (1922) Stanistaw Kubicki, et. al., "Manifesto of the Commune" (1922) Stanistaw Kubicki, et. al., "Second Manifesto of the Commune" (1922) Henryk Bertewi, "The International Exhibition in Dusseldorf," Nasz Kuriar (1922) Lajos Kassak, et. al., "The Stand Taken by the Vienna Ma Group toward the First Dusseldorf Congress of Progressive Artists," Ma (1922) Theo van Doesburn, et al., "International Constructivist Creative Union,"

International Reaction to the First Russian Exhibition in Berlin Paul Westheim, "The Exhibition of Russian Artists," Dos Kunstbtatt (1922) Adolf Behne, On the Russi. lition, Die Weltbiihne (1922) Lajos Kassak, "The Russia Kallai, "The Russian Exhibition Alfred Kemeny, "Notes To the Nussian Artists txniDition in Benin, tgyseg (1923) Bianko Vo Poljanski, "Through the Russian Exhibition in Berlin," Zenit I1923I Exile Vienna Lap*. Kassak, "To the Artists of Alt Notions!" Ma (1920) "The? Provisional International Moscow Bureau of Creative Artists, Questions to the Hungarian Activists, and the Hungarian Activists' Reply," Mo (1920] Emo Kallai, "Moholy-Nagy," Ma (1921) Erno Kallai, "Lojos Kassak," Ma [1921I Lajos Kassak, "Picture-Architecture," Mo [1922) Beta Uit?, "The Groat Festival in Moscow," Egyseg (1922! Erno Ktillai, "Constructivism," Ma 11923) Erno Kaltai, "Correction (to the Attention of Dc Stijt}." Ma (1923) Erno Kallai, el. al,, "Manifesto," Egyseg (1923) Lajos Kassak, "On the New Theatrical Art," Ma (1924) Itectro-Mechanicat Show," Mo J192.4I Herwarlh Watden, "Theater as an Artistic Phenomenon," Mo [1924) Endre Caspar, "The Hungarian Activist Movement," Dor Sturm (1924I The Bauhaus Lawlo Moholy-Nagy, "Production-Reproduction," Dc Stijl (1922) Farkas Molnar, "KURI Manifesto" I1922) Oskar Schtommer, "Bauhaus Manifesto" (1923)

Laszio Moholy-Nagy, "Film at

468 Berlin 470 Raoul Hausmann, Hans Arp, Ivan Puni, and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, "A uu IUI Elementarist Art," De Stijl (1921) 470 Janos Mattis-Teutsch, Statement from catalogue (1921) 471 j Laszlo Moholy-Nagy and Alfred Kemeny, "Dynamic-Constructive System of . .:orces," Der Sturm [1922I 471 t Raoul Hausmann and Laszlo Peri, "Aims of the Pro Theater," Der Sturm (1922! 472 i Henryk Bortowi, "The Arts Abroad" [1922-23) 473 Alfred Kemeny, "Constructivist Arl and Peri's Spatial Constructions," Preface to Mappv: Peri, Linoleumschnitte (1923) 476 Viking Eggeling and Raoul Hausmann, "Second Presontist Declaration— i Addressed to the International Constructivists," Mo (1923) 477 Alfred Kemeny, "The Dynamic Principle of Cosmic Construction, as Related to the Functional Significance of Constructive Design," Der Sturm [1923) 479 Alfred Kemony, "Abstract Design from Suprematism to the Present," Das Kunstblutt I1924) 482 Hans Richtor, "Prague," G I1924J 483 Hans Richter, "Toward Constructivism," C (1924I 483 Tristan Tzara, "Photography in Reverse," G (1924) 485 Nikolausj Braun, "Concrete Light," from Lichtprobtcme der Biidencte Kunst [19251

487 Chapter 8; International Constructivism in Central Europe

488 Poland 489 Henryk Borlewi, "Mcchano-facture" (1924) Henryk Siazewski. Untitled statements on Supremati&m and painting, Bloh S192A) Wladistow Sir?Dmtr">k;, "Those;, o<> Mew An,' Biah i?y24! Mieczystaw Sztzuka. "An Ar.emp! ;o Explain the MibunavfjUmimyv Rtljtfi to the Public's Attitude to New An. Bit;* hyi'4l Editors of Btok, "What ton'Jructiwsm is' B-.uh ilV24i Wtadystaw Strzemmski. "B=2.' Bioh \\<)2i,\ Mieczysiaw Szczuka, "Photomontaae " Btok \",92LI Henryk Stazewski. "On Abstiact Art," Blok |i9?4i Zagreis/Belgrade Ljubomir Micic. "Shimmy as the Latin Quartet Graveyard," ZeiHt \l%>2\ Ljubomir Micic, "A Categorical Imperattvc of she ZemttiiM Sclioot ot Pueti y,'" from The Rescue Car (1922) Ljubomir Micic. "Barbarogemus." /em? I1924) Ljubomir Micic, "The New Art." Zonit It924) Ljubomir Micic, "Zenithosophy: Of the Energetics of Creative Zefiitht^tn," Zonit fi924l Risto Ratkovic, "Barbarism as Culture." Zonit )1925» Tivador Raith, "Toward the Documentation of the European CuUutat Crisis: Five Years of Zenithism" Magyar Iras (1926) Branko VP Potjanski. "Upside Down" |1926I Ljubomir Micic, "Beyond-Sense Poetry," Introduction to Anti-Furopo |19?6| Ljubomir Micic, "Zerathism through the Prism of ," Zonit iV)?(i] Bucharest Marcet Janco, "Notes on Painting." Il922) Marcet Janco, "Art Notes," Contimporanul (I9?4l llarie Voronca, "." 75HPI1924J llarie Voronca. "Aviograma." 75HP (1924) . Unfitted statement, ?SHP (19241 Victor Brauner and Itarie Voronca. "Pictopoe'ry," 75HP d9?4i Itarie Voronca, "Assessments," Punct (1924! Scarlat CaUimachi, "The Contimporanul Exhibition INotesi," Punct (1924) , "The First Contimporanul Internationa! Exhibition," Misrorivj literara h924) llarie Voronca. "Marcei Janco." Pimet (1924) M.H. Maxy. "Visual Chrono-metpring," Contimporanul 119241 , "Conversations with l.ocian Btaga," Miscaroa literara (19?5) tlarie Voronca, "Grammar," Punct {1925J itarie Voronca, "Voices," Punct l!92$l Oscar Walter Cisek. "The International Exhibition Organized by the Magazine Contimporanul," Gandirea (19251 Editors of Integral, "Man," Integral (1925) llarie Voronca, " and integratism," Integral (19251 Mihail Cosma, "From Futurism to Intogralism," Integral (W5) Corneliu Michailescu, "Black Art," Integral I1925] Militsa Petra=.cu, "Note about Sculpture." Contimporanul (1925) G. C. Jacques, "Initiation in the Mysteries of an Exhibition: The Sensational Pronouncements of Militsa Petrascu and Mnrcet Janco." Contimporanul Ii9?fi) ' , "Cubism," Contimporanul (1926) i Marcel Janco, "Coloring," Contimporanut I1927! Geo Boqza, "," Urmuz I1928) Avgust Cernigoj, "Greetings!" tank (1927) Mirko Polie, "Marij Kogoj's Black Masks," tank (1927) Ferdinand Detak, "Theater Co-op," tank I1927) Avgust C'ernigoj, "Tank Manifesto," tank (1927I Avgust C'ernigoj, "The Constructivist Group in Trieste," tank (1927) Prague/ Karel Teige, "Poetism," Host I1924I Karel Teige, "Constructivism and the Liquidation of 'Art,'" / Jindfich Styrsky and Toyen, "Artificialism," ReD (1927-28) Jindrich Styrsky and Toyen, "The Poet (Lecture Given on thp Occasion of an Exhibition Opening)," RozpravyAvontina (1927-2UJ Karel Teige, Excerpts from "Poetism Manifesto," ReD (1928) Karel Tetge, "Ultraviolet Paintings, or, Artificialism (Notes on the Paintings of Styrsky and Toyen)," ReD I1928)

SECTION 4: THE TWILIGHT OF IDEOLOGIES Overview

Chapter 9: Hungarians in Exile

Lajos Kassak, "Back to the Workbench," Ma (1923) TOO Kallai, "Architecture," Ma I1924J !rno Kallai, "The Twilight of Ideologies," 365 (1925! Erno Kallai, Excerpt from Now Painting in Hungary (1925] Lajos Kassak, "Advertisements," Tisztasag kanyvc (1926) Laszlo Mofioly-Nagy, Letter to Erich Buchholz I1928}

Chapter ios Bauhaus Resonances

Tadeusz Peiper, "At the Bauhaus," Zwrotnica (1927) Karel Teige, "Ten Years of the Bauhaus," Stavba (1929-30) Erno Kaltai, Excerpts from "Ten Years of Bauhaus," Die Wettbuhne (1930I

Chapter 11: Poland

Henryk Stazewski, "The Contemporary Style," Praesens (1926)

Stanistaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, "Rules of the S. I. Witkiewicz Portrait-, „ a Firm" (1928! Wtady&taw Strzeminski, Unism in Painting (192.81 Katarzyna Kobro, "Sculpture and Solid," Europe/ (1929) Henryk Sta^owski, "Plastic Art as the Summary of Cultural Life," t Wtadystaw Strzemifiski, et, al., "Communique of the a.r. Group," Europa (1930] Katarzyna Kobro and Wtadystaw Strzeminski, Excerpts from Composition of Space: Calculations of Space-Time Rhythm (1931) Tadeusz Peiper, "Malevich in Poland," Zwrotnica (1927) Mieczystaw Szczuka, "Funeral of Suprematism," Dzwignia (1927I Mieczyslaw Szczuka, "Art and Reality," Dzwignia (1927) 671 ! Chapter 12s Prague

676 Editors of Pronto, Introduction to the Fronia Almanac ft927i bfh Jindrich iiyrsky, "The Generatiion s Corner," Ostv&i (t929l if?Q The Lett Front, founding Manifesto. jfiteO11929I

-•! — - - - -- — - 681 ! Chapter 13* Amsterdam and Stuttgart

683 I tas/lo Mohot'/'Magy, "J%oi?8S|raphf Unparalleled," tatentaiiouale revtte i-W ! 119271 6iA < - Ernfi Kaltai. "Painting and Photography," ioiernatimaio renaie n-10 h927l 689 WitU Baumeister, et. at., "Debate on Erno Katiat's Article 'Painting and Photography,"" mtematmn&t# .revue i-ffi fi*)2?! •6?| Erno Kattal. "Replf,'" sffliern«ti©«a.te reme i-te lif27 } 698 Kazimtr Malewkh, Letter to Laszio Mohoty-fegy {19271 699 Ancfsr Kraszna-Krausz, "Vanguard Skirmish in Stuttgart." Fitmtecbnik (19291 700-1 tudwig Neundirfer, "Pfeotagraphf—The Picleriat Art oi the Present Day." I Kalnische Vatkszejtung ft929l 701 Anonymous, "Opening of the Werkbund Exhibit ton Film and Photo," Schwabische Togesacht J1929J 701 W. Riezter, ""Form," Photo and Rte," Die Form (1929}

703 Chapter 14s Bucharest

705. Marcel Janco, "Reflections of Cubism," Cuvantui |tf28t ?06 tenet iianu. Fragments from "A Coniribution to Our History of ; What A Young Painter Tetls Us," /tempo {193$ 7Q8 Saf a Pana, "Manifesto," Uau tif 28! 708 Harie Voronca, *M. H, Max»," from A (lotto lumiaa: pram ti?30l 710 llarle Voronca, "Victor Brauner," from A dloua tumina; prate I1930I 711 Ion Vinsa and Marcel Janco, "Marinetti," Rampa !tf30l 71t ' Itarie Voronca, "F. T. Marinetti," Rampa fif30I 713 I Marcel Janco, "Our Own Futurism," Fade {1930] . "The Rehabiiilation of the Qream " h

•717 Chapter if* iermany

718 Erno Kaliai, "Ten Years of the November Group," Bet Kunstnatt H929) 719 Errui Kaliai. "Art and the General Pubtic," Der Kunslnmr (1929) 721 Erno Kattai, "Vision and the Law of Form," in Ferdinand Motter Gallery catalogue {1930J 724 Walter OexeL "Theo van Dossburg,'" Das new Frankfurt J1931I 726 i Erno Kaliai, "Politics of Art in the Third Reich" (19341

730. Credits 732 Biographical Notes