Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area

Character Statement

2013 CONSULTATION DRAFT

SOUTH DERBYSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

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Contents Contents ea Analysis Conservation Area Views and Landmarks Details Building Materials and Architectural Quality Historic Development

Appendix Distinctive architectural details Loss and Damage Conservation Area Map Conservation Area Description Boundary Review    Area of Archaeological Potential Area of Archaeological Potential Conservation Ar  Introduction Summary Trent & Mersey Canal Mersey & Trent Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

The distinctive characteristics oftheTrentan presence ofthecanal, but often not Stenson. These contain buildingsdevelopedinassociationwith,or influencedby,the settlements inthelate18 wharves. The development ofthe canalalso buildings, mileposts and canalsideephemerath project yet carriedoutinEngland.Alongits On itscompletion in1777the from ClayMills asfarKidsgrove. Staffordshire sectionofthecanal canal connectstoits west wit extends beyondShardlowasfar asDerwent large conservationareainitsownright.A Shardlow, theterminalportofTrentandMerseyCanal, completed inthe1770s anda The conservationareaconnects with two other within theTrentandMersey Canal. 14miles ofthecanalfallwithinSouthDerb rivers TrentandDerwent,toPrestonBrook heritage. ItstretchesfromShardlowinDerb The Trent andMerseyCanal is ofnationalimpo Summary District Councilon19thMay1994. The TrentandMerseyCanalConservation Ar judgementsonth making professional opportunities forfutureenhancement.Thisdocument willbeusedbytheCouncilwhen protection. Italsoassessesthe degreeofda that makesthecharacterandappearanceof South DerbyshireDistrictCouncil. This statement hasbeenproducedbyMelMorris Conservationfor,andinassociationwith, Introduction Trent &MerseyCanal   roads, theroute influenced by the landform oftheTrentvalley A transportandcommunication corridor, native hedgerows corridorofwildlife ec A long,meandering Conservation Area Conservation

th andearly19 Canal ConservationArea. h the Staffordshiresectionof Trent andMerseyCanalwasthegreatestcivilengineering is aseparateconservationareainitsownrightthatruns

It sets outthespecialhistor built orowned bythe canal company. e meritsof developmentapplications. th centuries, inparticularWillington,Shardlowand 1 d Mersey Canalcanbesummarised asfollows: yshire, where itmeetstheconfluence ofthe small section ofthecanalconservationarea in Cheshire,whereitmeetstheBridgewater Mouth Lock. TheDerbyshire section ofthe led totheexpansionofafewDerbyshire theTrentandMerseyCanalworthyof length arethesurviving bridges,locksand at wereassociatedwiththecanalandits mage tothatspecialinterestandthus ea wasdesignatedbySouthDerbyshire rtance aspartofth yshire and the whole ofthis stretch falls conservation areas. ological value,borderedbytreesand on occasiontrackedby railwaysand the canalatClayMills.The ic andarchitecturalinterest e country’s industrial At itseastend is

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement facing the canal facing the e East Midlands; the towpath is popular e East Midlands; ardlow where there are established boat ardlow where there storic Parks and Gardens) and other non- ass both statutory designations (including ass both statutory designations (including Sites and Monuments Record Officer at Officer Monuments Record and Sites the industries along the canal that were were canal that along the the industries ileposts and wide, segmental arched bridges bridges arched segmental and wide, ileposts e canal is regularly used by narrowboats e canal is regularly used by narrowboats defined through an assessment of the known 2 century brick buildings brick century ter with relatively few structures structures relatively few ter with nsultation with the County Archaeologist, the County Archaeologist, the the with nsultation century. It has been carried out as part of the carried out as part of the has been It century. th th and early 19 th with walkers, cyclists and anglers and th anglers and and with walkers, cyclists An important recreational route within th An important recreational that reinforce a collective, distinct identity distinct identity collective, that reinforce a uninterrupted wa Long stretches of building and chandlery industries industries building and chandlery canal m iron cast as such Local details, Bustle of regular narrowboat activity and bright coloured water craft along the the along craft water coloured bright and activity narrowboat regular of Bustle at locks and moorings water and at Stenson and Sh Lively working character Small, simple late 18 Small, simple      

Area of Archaeological Potential An area of archaeological potential has been Hi Registered and Monuments Ancient Scheduled archaeological and documentary evidence of established from 1770 until the mid 19 area in co each conservation review of Control Archaeologist and the Development Derbyshire County Council. An area of archaeological potential may encomp Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement and grantedtollstotheEarlofUxbridgeorhislessees. Stafford, navigable”.Thisprovidedfor maintainingthenavigation uptoBurtonuponTrent, Act formakingandkeepingtheriverTrent, Act ofParliamentconcerningnavigationon of the17 reaches oftheRiverTrenthadbeennavigablein Shardlow, onitsbanks,hadastrategicroleforcommunicationandtrade.Theupper Derbyshire /Leicestershireboundary,had trade routeacrosstheMidlands. The RiverTrentwasnavigable transportation ofheavygoods. rush toreachnewmarkets.Canalswereseen the industrialdevelopmentof Britainwassu Canals pre-datedtherailwaytransport networkbysome60 yearsormore, atatime when Historic Development Conservation AreaAnalysis conservation area. An areaofarchaeologicalpotentialneednot canal maysurvive below ground. evidence relating to the 18 of archaeologicalpotentialtheremaybere form oftrackwaysandstructuresaboveground Over thecenturies, industries alongthe interestforthatreason. archaeological The Trentand MerseyCanalisoneoftheearliest statutory site informationfromtheDerbyshireSites andMonuments Record. View today of the junction View todayofthejunction Derwent and the canal at Derwent Mouth Mouth Derwent at the canal and Derwent th centurythatit became completely navigable th of the River Trent, River River Trent, River of the century and early19 inpart,andupuntilthe19 By thesecond halfofthe17 the RiverTrentwaspasse 3 necessarily coincide with the boundaryofthe become theheadofTrentNavigation. rging aheadandtherewa canal declined andphysicalevidence in the as the answer to many problems of bulk astheanswertomanyproblemsofbulk asonable expectationthatarchaeological shortstretches but itwasonlyattheend in thecounties ofLeicester,Derby and may havebeen removed. Withinthe area canalsin thecountryandisofindustrial th centuryindustrial asfarBurtonon Trent. The first failed to preventitsconstruction. objectors tothecanal butthey Company wasoneof the main inevitable. TheTrentNavigation alignment totheRiverwas almost transportation followingasimilar more reliablemethodofbulk of acanaltoprovidemuch of the18 into Britainduringthesecondhalf With the introduction ofcanals ofwater. seasonal shortages either through floodingor significant fluctuations inlevel, transportation asitwasproneto methodofbulk was anunreliable Like manyrivers, the River Trent th th century it was an important centuryitwasanimportant century WilneFerry,onthe th century, the creation d in1699,called:“An development ofthe s analmostfrantic Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement centuries salt was first used was first th uld be loaded onto century rocksalt rocksalt century th means of connecting means of connecting and 18 th ong the length of the canal. canal. of the ong the length century, when it th became important for the growing were used pottery industry. Salt pans brine springs to make salt from inland sea salt, which was as distinct from made around the British coastline. During the 18 One of the main commodities carried was on the Trent and Mersey Canal salt. From medieval times salt had been transported long distances across country along drovers’ roads. It was used in preserving food but during the 17 l handling, pottery co sportation of salt directly from Cheshire ct of one individual’s imagination but came but came individual’s imagination ct of one rsey Canal supplanted this and became an in terms of its engineering demands and its and its in terms of its engineering demands pportunities to exploit reserves of minerals pportunities to exploit reserves the canal was to link canal was intention of the men. The Falls, just west of Hull). But the canal was Falls, just west mpetitor to the Trent Navigation, but soon but soon Trent Navigation, to the mpetitor on large quantities of raw materials to be materials on large quantities of raw ing the famous canal engineer, James Brindley. the famous canal ing t from the new canal network and Josiah t from the new canal network within the Trent valley and the alabaster and alabaster and and the valley Trent within the who needed to reach markets, and who were and who markets, reach to needed who rehouses, temporary holding areas for the r a strategic canal network that would link the that would link the network r a strategic canal ed upon the co-operation of a number of number a ed upon the co-operation of owing pottery industry based around Stoke-on- owing pottery industry based around 4 ne manufacturer and Birmingham businessman,ne manufacturer and Birmingham the name of the Grand Trunk Canal. Grand Trunk the name of the de as early as 1755. With this network in mind, the Trent With this network in mind, de as early as 1755. in the pottery industry, but the Trent and Me in the pottery industry, but the Trent it from damp, sprang up al commodity, important to protect Landowners along the route of the canal saw o on their land. The sand and gravel quarries important trade route for salt. Salt wa mining became a much larger industry. The tran had taken place on the Trent Navigation from the late 17 from the late Trent Navigation the on place had taken The Trent and Mersey Canal was at first a co at first was Mersey Canal and The Trent eclipsed it. eclipsed was not the produ Mersey Canal and The Trent by ports of Liverpool and Hull across the country, the east and west about as a result of the interests of a number of of a number a result of the interests about as River into Hull (the Mersey) and Liverpool (the River that led into rivers the two principal Humber at Trent River into the Trent flows original concept was fo - the more than that clay and Cornish stone from Cornwall, ball china country; brought from other parts of the from Cheshire and coal from lead from Derbyshire, salt Sussex, clay from Devon, flint from Liverpool and then china clay and flint had been shipped to North Staffordshire. Historically transported by horse-drawn wagon. With minima northern ports of Liverpool and Hull with Bristol and London. The intention was that the was The intention and London. Bristol and Hull with of Liverpool northern ports to idea seems waterways. This of a “Grand Cross” and form intersect would canal network of several men, includ the minds have been in Wedgwood such as supporters and investors. Other industrialists, was one of its principal steam engi Matthew Boulton, the famous relied up were also investors. The Potteries Surveys for a waterway were ma Surveys for a waterway by initially went and Mersey Canal project both This was an enormously ambitious It reli requirements for financial backing. Midlands the North and East industrialists in The gr of England. land-locked in the centre to benefi Trent was the primary industry expanding via the country the over markets all to transported the narrow boats and easily canal network. Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement carved into theface. Staffordshire. Severalofthebridgeswithin In 1770thefirstsection ofthecanalwasopen was completed,andhe eventually becameBrindley’sbr Henshall wasappointedastheresident engineer forthe Trentand MerseyCanal(he Manchester toWorsley,co themselves. Thefirstcanaltobebuiltin BritainwastheBridgewater Canal,from drawings orwritten calculationsand there engine fordrainingcoalpits.Heundert near Buxton in1716,wasaself-madeengin construction andin1758hestartedtosurvey James Brindley within theDistrictofSouth Derbyshire. Mouth, amilebeyondShardlow.Ofthese93 length of the canal is slightly that runalongthetowpath revealthedistances between thetwoend points.The actual runs into the Manchester Ship Canal andthen connects with theRiver Trent,toPreston Brook The canalstretchesfor93milesfromShar Canal, theStaffordshireandWorcesters In time,theTrentandMerseyCanal hadbranch navigable inBritain. and MerseyCanalwascompletedin1777,oneoftheearliestinlandwaterwaystobe enabling thenavigation.Thefirstsodwascut authorised byActof Parliament anditwas on 14 of ProprietorstheNavigationfromTren In December1765ameetingwasheldatWolseleyBridgenearRugeleyof“theCompany businessmen andBenjaminOutram was commissi Derbyshire, inAugust 1792, theoriginal Chesterfield Canal.Inresponse tomountin a canalthroughDerby asearl River Trent andDerby,butitwasan unreliabl through DerbyandflowsintotheTrentnear Shardlow, hadbeennavigablebetweenthe The DerbyCanalwasbuiltbetween1793and atSwarkestone Junction CanalandDerby The Derby although veryfewofthesesurvive. lesser extentthanthe potteryindustry. Limekilns werealsodottedalongitslength, gypsum minesatAston-on-Trentcametore “(The) principal objects are the export of of export the are objects principal “(The) pig and bar iron, pottery wares and othe and wares pottery iron, bar and pig (1716-1772)was commissionedtooverseethesurvey,designand replaced byHughHenshall. mpleted in1761,andJamesBr longer thanthe milepostssuggest, and other agricultural products” agricultural other and other-in-law). In y as1771to link hire CanalandtheCauldonCanal. ook allhisworkswith 5 proposal wasreviewed byacommitteeof eer, who had designedsteamenginesandan are thereforenorecordsexcepttheworks Derbyshire stillbearadatestonewith1770 by JosiahWedgwoodinJuly1766.TheTrent e transportsystem.JamesBrindleyadvocated ly uponthecanalforashorttime,but toa coals, limestone, freestone, gypsum, lead, lead, gypsum, freestone, limestone, coals, miles 14 miles fallwithin Derbyshire,entirely g pressuretoreachthe collieries within r manufactured articles, cheese, corn, corn, cheese, articles, manufactured r theRiver Mersey. Thecastiron mileposts dlow (DerwentMouth),wherethecanal a route.JamesBrindley,bornatTunstead es including the Derby Canal, the Coventry ed betweenShardlowandShugboroughin 1772 JamesBrindleydi t tothe Mersey”. 1796. TheRiverDerwent,whichflows oned to survey and near Runcorn, from where iteventually nearRuncorn,fromwhere the TrentandMersey Canal with the th May1766thattheActwaspassed indley was itsengineer.

asitterminatesatDerwent (Glover’s Directory-1829) out detailed technical All canalshad tobe estimate for a broad estimate forabroad ed, before the canal ed, beforethecanal Hugh Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement of 13 May, th Derby Mercury for which Jessop had surveyed during 1787. This small section of canal was This proposal William by reviewed Jessop and a series of he recommendations made length of including a short to join be built canal to just Trent, with the River above Swarkestone Bridge. apparently was This intended to link with a and railway possible canal to quarries and limeworks at Breedon, on the south the route side of the river, of Royal Assent on 7 ttom. The maximum size of boat January 1965. January th December 1964 by the Department of rd leted by Outram and he reported to a a he reported to Outram and leted by affordshire Railway and Canal Carrying affordshire Railway and e canal open as a feeder for its own traffic y and Swarkestone is now followed by a is y and Swarkestone the towpath. The petition to Parliament The petition to Parliament the towpath. navigation throughout; the channel was navigation throughout; the channel t and Mersey canal and the River Trent. the River t and Mersey canal and begin “at or near Swarkestone on the River on the River or near Swarkestone begin “at this way with transhipment taking place on this way with transhipment taking place had virtually ceased on the Derby Canal and e “Swarkestone Canal”. The passing of the e “Swarkestone Canal”. The passing twork and the relationship about 1820, the earthworks for the canal cut the canal about 1820, the earthworks for dnance Survey map (1” scale – 1836) that the dnance Survey 6 lly operational by the end of June 1796. lly operational by the end of June April, and the granting th Canal Company merged with the North Staffordshire reducing to 24 ft at the bo at the ft 24 to reducing ithy Houses, with a branch near Derby to the Erewash Canal Canal to the Erewash near Derby with a branch ithy Houses, was 72 ft by 14 ft. Derby Canal at Swarkestone Junction of the Trent & Mersey Canal with the 1793. The entire canal was finished and fu 1793. The entire canal was finished Derb Canal between The route of the Derby National Cycle Network. Sustrans forms part of the that cycleway with the canal Development of the railway ne In 1847 the Trent and Mersey as a broad The Derby Canal was designed St North become the Railway Company to September, 1792, stated that the canal would would that the canal 1792, stated September, Sm to by Derby Trent, passing near Sandiacre”. the Tren incorporated three locks between disused by Although this section of canal was the south of fields to can still be seen in the Canal as th originally referred to the Derby 17 Derby Canal Act took place on at the top, ft wide 44 excavated normally using the waterway World War traffic By the time of the Second it was needed. A case Ministry put a stop to it in closure was authorised but the War warrant authorizing abandonment was issued on 3 was on 5 for maintenance Transport. Release of liability th to keep was original intention Company. The the earliest Or and there is evidence from railways were already beginning to be used in canal. The preliminary work was rapidly comp work was rapidly preliminary canal. The meeting of the promoters on 8 September, l792. An article in the An article l792. on 8 September, of the promoters meeting Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement village further west.Severalfarms of Shardlow,thenew settlement along theca already existed butwith thearrivalofcanal, There areseveral settlementssituatedalongthecanal. Shardlow, Stenson andWillington Settlements south fromStensontoCuttle Brid Birmingham andDerbyJunctionRailway.Oneoftheseran parallelwiththecanal toits established severallinesfromDerby,whichspurredofftheoriginalalignmentof but therailwaycompanywas constituted crossing thecanalnearWillington.Againline appears tohavebeenestablishedby1836 train ranin1839.Aspuroffthisra miles beforecrossingthecanaltowestof established in1836,whichrantothesouthof The firstphase wastheconstructionofBirminghamandDerbyJunction Railway, The railwaynetworkthat nowinterweaves with 1948 andin1963theBritishWaterwaysBoardtookcontrol. 19 The canalsweregraduallydisplaced bythera The LondonMidlandandScottishRailway(LMSR). railway companybecame TheAndertonCompany purpose-built canalsidewharveswithnewrail farmsteads). canal byaccommodation bridges(i.e.purpose- pre-dating thecanal,just beyo th century andhadvery little trafficbythe 20 Railway bridge over the canal near Stenson Stenson canal near the over Railway bridge nd thefloodplain,andthese be ge, whereitcrossesthecanal. can befound,mainlyon thenorth ilway toStoke,the Nort 7 ilway networkthroughthesecond half ofthe in 1845. In 1866-67 theMidland Railway Stensonandnorth-easttoDerby.Thefirst the canal from Burton-on-Trent for several thecanalfromBurton-on-Trentforseveral nal wasdistinctandseparate fromtheold way sidings,asatWillington.In1895 the built bridges providingaccessto particular the canalwasestablishe the focus ofeachplace shifted.In the case th century. Thecanal and then in1923 itwastaken overby came physicallylinked withthe h Staffordshire Railway, was nationalisedin d inseveralphases. side ofthe canal,

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement h the arrival first of first of the arrival h l but seems to have l but seems to have by James Trubshaw of and was demolished the century and part used as th e and coal wharf” in the Jasmine Cottage, which sat Jasmine Cottage, which sat ant place on the River Trent, the River on ant place y was routed through Willington and a and a through Willington y was routed as Shardlow Heritage Centre. It was as Shardlow Heritage Centre. junction, may have been built before the junction, may have nd-operated crane also sat nearby. The nd-operated crane also sat nearby. n as “The Rising Sun and Railway Hotel” in n as “The Rising Sun and ed as a sweetener for local landowners, in ed as a sweetener an’s cottage, built gable-end onto the canal rges, although much simpler in design and much simpler in design rges, although glow, who were “coal, brick, tile, drainpipe, glow, who were “coal, brick, tile, drainpipe, verbank for iron, salt, pottery and other and pottery for iron, salt, verbank shortly after the railway arrived in 1836. By By 1836. the railway arrived in after shortly rticular, as well as Willington. The station Willington. The station well as rticular, as ctivity in connection wit connection ctivity in 1816 survey of the cana 1816 survey of ive, possibly designed the canal, a small canal basin was provided to canal, a small canal the level, with a high level platform above. The level, with a high level platform Detailed plan of Willington by the 1820s. All three of the existing pubs by the 1820s. All three of 8 aged by a fire in 1935 aged by a 1816 (The Waterways Archive, Gloucester) and the cottage alongside, ctory) as “a large warehous It had always been an import always It had small station / ticket office was built at road in pa and the school station served Repton, following year. The Green Dragon alongside the wharf, also appear to be here were listed in 1846 (Bagshaw). Junction Railwa In 1836 the Birmingham and Derby building no longer exists but the bridges surv a grain store, but it was significantly dam use. “The Rising Sun” on Stafford (1773-1853), and the refurbished platforms are in regular the corner of Canal Bridge and The Green, know probably built was of 1857, White’s Directory by railway sidings, canal basin had disappeared and had been replaced 1836 the small Railway and the the Birmingham and Derby Junction between providing an interchange as a wharfm brick building served canal. A small whole industrial area of the wharf was replaced in the 1970s by the grassy area, shrub to serve the railway/ canal link c1836 and a ha railway/ canal link c1836 to serve the the canal and then the railway. the railway. then and the canal the ri warehouses on several large and had Green Man, at the main road commodities. The of with the construction canal. In association which appears on the the canal, the south of This may have been provid disappeared by 1880. canal case the river displaced their survey trade, as the land shows that the basin surrounding the to the did not belong canal company but belonged to Messrs Smith. Spilsbury and family The Spilsbury were local landowners in Willington. A tall, four-storey brick- built grain or corn was warehouse established here alongside the canal by 1816, of proportions similar brick ve stepped Shardlow, with a to those in now used the building most closely resembling described in 1857 (White’s Dire ownership of Messrs. Bass and Smith of Hornin 20 in the was still standing lath and salt merchants”. The building The development of Willington a of bursts two short in developed Willington Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement manufacture, andtoprovide opportuni Wharves oncefronted the canal,builtto acco development Industrial sitting initsownextensivegrounds,bu built asroadsideencroachments, outsidethe conservationarea,withonlyStenson House Crewe family,includingthemanor.Ofbui dominated byyeomanfarmersandalargepa and southofthecanal(1846–Bagshaw’sDirector In 1846Stensonhad19ho ofStenson The development demolished in1973whenthe“Marina”wasbuilt. the railwayembankmenttoeastofTh planting andcarparkthatisknownlocally . AtCliffWood,nearWestonuponTrent, 7. EggintonWharf,alongtrancheofwate 6. Atramwayonthenorthsideofcana 5. Therewasa separatecanal basinandtran 4. Wharveswerebuiltnear Willington,tothesouthoftowpath,andwere 3. Therewasawharfonthenorthside of 2. TherewasawharfatSwarkestoneonthe 1. also showsthehouse,then knownas“W andatcome closetogether,at CliffWood situated some distanceawaytothe south follows thecourseof River Trent thro take place. Thiswashistoric river andthe canal,known asKing’s MillWharfin1816,where transhipment could documentary evidence about this wharf. High BridgeandMonkshasbeensubsumed by vegetation.There islittle Aston-on-Trent andwas developedcirca1812. thecanal.Thistransportedgypsumandalabasterfromnearby wharf ranalongside (1901). redundant andhadbeendismantledbythetimeofsecondeditionOSmap adapted withsidingssometimebetween south ofthetowpath,wherestretches oftherailwayhadbeenextendedand removed withthecreationofMarina inthe1970s. developed inassociationwiththerailway in1836-39. The evidence for thesewas (Bridge No.12)butthis survives withinthegardenofRoseCottage. – mostofthe buildings have been demolished but the structure ofthe wharf uses and115inhabitants spreadou disappeared duringthe20 ally anoldcrossingpointof ilt foraHarpur-Crewetenantcirca 1820. ties fortranshipment ofgoods: as the“Marina”locatedbetweencanal,and 9 e Green.Thebrickcottagewaseventually rway running parallel withthecanalbetween rway runningparallel ldings tothe northofthe canal,mostwere rt ofthelandwasownedbyHarpur- mmodate nearbyindustries, such asbrick 1836 andthe1870s. l nearHicken’sBridgewithatrackwayand eston Cliff”,nowtheUkranian Centre. there wasonceasmallwharfbetweenthe shipment wharf at “Potlocks Farm”, to the shipment wharfat“PotlocksFarm”,tothe and thereareonlytwo places where they the canaltoeastofMassey’sBridge ugh Derbyshire,butthe riverisgenerally Shardlow.The1816survey ofthecanal north sideofthecanal-“CuttleWharf” y). Stenson had been historically an area y). Stensonhadbeenhistoricallyanarea th century. t ina linear formto thenorth the river. The canal roughly theriver.Thecanalroughly These wharveswere Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement this scope. This This scope. this the landscape, with with the landscape, ood plain, but other pits for sand and gravel sand and gravel pits for with the remains of an Iron d there are occasions within ely in a document of ely in a document nals to provide a readily available source a readily nals to provide tion Area is of course linear but it does linear but tion Area is of course conservation area map included in this in this conservation area map included re specific views that are likely to impress impress that are likely to re specific views and lies within the fl within lies and llowing the contours of of the presence of the canal and exploited canal of the of the presence g the northern edge of the canal provides g the northern edge of the canal changing views, both close-range and more and more close-range both views, changing connections. The Derbyshire section of the connections. The Derbyshire section een Weston Grange running eastwards as far een Weston Grange running eastwards gher than the surrounding fields and there are there and the surrounding fields gher than ccasionally surprising views where a group of 10 ere is widespread evidence of evidence widespread ere is visitor’s experience of the conservation area. Some of the conservation area. Some of the visitor’s experience ds, which contain earthworks ds, which contain the county have elevation an wed straighter courses for speed of travel. This meandering meandering travel. This of straighter courses for speed wed with Derby Canal Canal Derby with

Right - view from Bridge No. 22 looking west Above - View of junction of & MerseyTrent Canal many bends. Later canals follo many bends. Later and o route gives rise to short-range vistas, Like many early canals, its course meanders, fo Like many early canals, its course meanders, extraction, as local landowners took advantage as local landowners extraction, Landmarks Views and multitude of area has a Every conservation comprehensiv numerous to cover expansive, too a selection of general and mo section describes strongly in a themselves most in the viewpoints referred to are included document. Trent River of the course canal follows the sections of the canal outside hi with or Derbyshire where the canal is level as betw such long views across the landscape, hedgerow linin as the A50. Here, the lack of across the fiel expansive views these Monuments), although henge (all Scheduled and a ditches and cursus Age settlement clear at this level. earthworks are not particularly Conserva and Mersey The character of the Trent Immediately beyond the canal th canal the beyond Immediately reserves. local mineral the of areas identified occasional canal there were Along the the 1816 map as “osiers” on commonly planted along ca beds were canal. Osier for the canal boats. making of material for basket along its length and viewed and settlements both take in views of the wider countryside far reaching from its many bridges, and so has Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement give asnapshotofthelocal vernaculardetails. details encountered within the conservation ar the Trent and MerseyCanal.TheAppendix lists distinct regionaldifferences inthebuildingmaterialsanddetailsfound alongthelengthof part influencedbywhat couldbetransportedalong theca With thearrivalofcanalnetwork,ch Building MaterialsandDetails The mainlandmarks thata progression alongtherouteofcanal. landmarks thatareusedbycanaluserstoidentifytheir the conservation areaboundarythereareseveralprominent are numberedinsequencestarting conservation areaarethemany along thecanal.The mainlocal landmarkswithin the Local landmarksassistcanalus buildings orabridgecomesintoview,     Monks Bridgeonthe River Dove beyond Kings Mills,ontheRiverTr right) St. Mary’s Churchnear Westonupon Trent(pictured The coolingtowersofWillingtonPowerStation ppear alongthecanalare; canal bridges and mostofthese ers in marking their journey ers inmarkingtheirjourney atDerwentMouth.Beyond ent, andtherockoutcrop from either thetowpath orthewater. 11 oice ofmaterialsandbuildingdetailswasin ea, andissupplemented byphotographs,to

Station Station coolingtowers the Left; Trent. Dove, King on theRiver Bridge right;Monks Landmarks, aboveleftand thespecialandtypicaltraditional building nals. Nevertheless,there are at Willington Power at s Mills on the River Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement century for structural details such as ition of brick making and there is some there is some making and brick ition of th brickwork, where each alternate header stone was incorporated into certain details, into certain was incorporated stone ctured in Staffordshire and would have been ctured in Staffordshire f buildings and canal cottages. Given the the cottages. Given and canal buildings f were the predominant material used for the the material used for predominant were the s, some plain with several courses of brick courses of s, some plain with several ntary record, where bricks would have been would have where bricks ntary record, 12 een used over the original limewash. original used over the een s of construction, it is most likely that the bricks would would bricks is most likely that the it s of construction, and early 19 th -keepers’ cottages at Weston and Stenson is still painted, is still painted, at Weston and Stenson -keepers’ cottages rative effect. This is a common detail found on the buildings on the buildings is a common detail found rative effect. This century the use of stone was much more widespread, as a result th Later repairs in red and blue engineering bricks.

A typical canal bridge. Stone coping to red structure. brick horizontal projecting bands, corbelled eave projecting one above the other or “dentilled” brick projects to create a deco along the canal. are examples where traces of limewash and there Brickwork was commonly limewashed Green, The No. 7 as such level, the brickwork at eaves attached to seen be can still and The Rising Man Willington and Stenson Lock Cottage. The brickwork at The Green Sun in Willington, and the Lock b although modern masonry paints have half of the 19 By the first of canal and rail transportation. Occasionally in lintels stone wedge-shaped and the bridges the corners to ashlar the copings, such as buildings along the canal. Brick and stoneBrick trad a local was there Trent valley the Within evidence of local brick pits in the docume local brick pits of evidence Brickwork was used in the 18 Brickwork was used in made in temporary clamp kilns. Red bricks kilns. Red bricks temporary clamp made in construction of the bridges and the whar and the bridges of the construction the technique differences between were commonly alterations locally. As time went on, repairs and later have been made bricks, which were manufa carried out in blue brought on site by canal narrowboat.brought on site Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement gauged bricklintels. directly onto thebrickwork. Stone cills were usedinconjunction with stone lintels and on thesimpleweathering propertiesofthebrickwork,andwindow joinerywasplaced In combinationwith the segmentalbrick arches,  13-19 TheGreen,Willington. Italianate villa.Welsh slatewa overhanging eaveswas intended toimitatean House. In thecaseof thelatter, the useof wide cottages atStensonandWeston canal; examplesinclude thelock-keepers’ slate, whichwasprobablytransportedalongthe the 19 Hipped roofstendtodate fromthefirsthalfof Bar CottageandSwarkestoneLockCottage. joints. Examples surviveatSwarkestoneStop along thecanals,andwerefinishedwithmitred Westmoreland slate,broughtintothearea The oldesthippedroofsincorporategraduated use ofasteppedbrickverge. tiles orslatesimplyoverlapthebrickwork. A The vastmajority ofpitched gableroofsarefinishedwith aplain close verge,where the retain locallymade There areseveralpropertiesthatpredateth clay tilesbeingmanufacturedtoday,soitis incorporate subtlefluctuations from thePotteries fromthe late 18 These tilesareextremelydurableand wereeas Most oftheoldestpropertieswithin theconser Roofs  The mostcommontypesoflintelare: Lintels andcills the gaugedbrick lintel. In the 18 wedge-shaped lintel. sandwiched together usinglimeputty.The resultwas wereusedforthefinertyp “gauged” bricks brick. taper wasaccommodated whollyin the mort smaller domesticbuildings. Thiswas thesimp the segmentalbrickarch.Itisgenerally found inthe 18 th centuryandwereusuallycladinWelsh redclaytiles. in colour,whichare notfoundinthenewStaffordshireblue as ue at used also s th th andearly19 century on.Original ha importanttopreserveoriginalexamples. 13 e canal,suchasWestonGrange,thatstill vation areahaveStaffordshireblueclaytiles. detail thatisalsooccasionallyfoundthe stone cills werenotnormallyused,relying ily importedintothe area alongthecanal lest and easiest lintel toconstructasthe ar joints,without theneedto cutthe es ofbrickconstruction.Brickswere Graduated slate roof with mitred hips Graduated slateroofwith th centurieshand-rubbed bricksor th and early 19 early and a precise, thinly-jointed, ndmade blueclaytiles th century on the centuryon the Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement a width of 29 feet a width of 29 feet t for the tunnels in t for the tunnels ent barge of 11 feet This change in width was done for width This change in and conserve water to practical reasons economic, more construction make particularly importan and Cheshire sections the Staffordshire in canal of the canal. The wide to Derbyshire was probably intended early River barges in the take the Trent years of the canal, as a means of Trent appeasing the users of the was Navigation. In 1829 the canal described as “adapted for river-barges the of burthen”. The width of forty tons canal also enabled extensive multiple multiple canal also enabled extensive moorings. orks and there is an attractive tussle of of tussle orks and there is an attractive glow in Staffordshire to glow in Staffordshire er than the average canal, the canal bridges average canal, er than the characteristic. The Derbyshire section is 31 characteristic. The section of towpath. At the time when the when the time of towpath. At the section than that in Staffordshire, and indeed most than that in Staffordshire, pedestrian traffic. On occasion the arch was the occasion pedestrian traffic. On canal meets the lock gates and a narrow the lock gates and canal meets 14 few metres, as at Swarkestone and Stenson. few metres, as at Swarkestone and with a shallow segmental arch, rather than the usual “basket “basket usual the than rather segmental arch, shallow a with Swarkestone Lock and Bridge No. 14 Swarkestone Lock and Bridge a separate conservation area) 1. Derwent Mouth Lock (listed grade II) 2. Shardlow Lock (listed grade II, within 3. Aston Lock (listed grade II) II) (listed grade 4. Weston Lock grade II) 5. Swarkestone Lock (listed II) (listed grade 6. Stenson Lock Bridges of the canal was wid stretch As the Derbyshire re change to 7 feet wide in Staffordshire. Staffordshire. in wide feet 7 to change re 14 feet wide locks in Derbyshi and 4’6” deep. The along this length were built Tr one arch” of many canal bridges. This could accommodate just suitable only for and the canal towpath, width wider a slightly accommodate to “stretched” Locks the Derbyshire in There are six locks are all 14 feet section of the canal. These two narrow boats wide, accommodating at one turn or one Trent barge; other canals, and this broadness is a distinctive this broadness other canals, and changes at Hornin This deep. 5’6” feet wide and road netw coincide with locks In a few instances structures where a road bridge over the space of a pedestrian footbridge, all in the is wider of the canal section The Derbyshire Architectural Quality Architectural structure The Canal Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement whole intheiroriginalform. farm accommodationbridgesgenerallyescaped legislation –theClass“Z”brid that manywererebuiltorreinforcedin There isnowafullrangeofcanalbridges at AstonLock,mayindicateth have beenreproducedhere. Many bridgesareidentifiedwi trackbridges farm Road and the otherroadandfarmaccessbr Although thebridgesservinglocksweresi presumably toallowfortheadditionalwearfromtowropes. locks weremadenarrowerthan tapering in towardsthe arch, andfinishing in with aflat concretedeck.Theoriginalbrid girder construction.Inthesecasesthesegmentalarchortimberdeckhasbeenreplaced andpedestrianbridgesthathave road bridges originally beenbuiltinstone, such asFineGeorge’s Bridge-No.9.Thereareanumberof bridge (Sarson’sBridge–No.11)andevidence red bricks.Copingshaveoccasion been repaired over theyears,particularly th bull-nosed stonecopings,butfe The originalbridgesweremostlybuilt from would havehadtocross overthe br Horses, whichwereintroducedin1785,could dragge bridges werefirstbuilt,gangsofmen rdeN.4 Hicken’sBridge(now a Bridge No.4 anewbridge carrying Bridge No.3A carryingtheA6(i Bridge No.3 “WilneBridge”(1816),carryin Bridge No. 2 Porter’sBridge,WilneLane,Shardlow (listedgrade II)–alsoknownas Bridge No. 1 bridge has been built 300yds to the east of it (3A). (3A). it of east the to 300yds built been has bridge Area) “Flint Bridge”(1816) copings; largely in original condition condition original in largely copings; Brick abutments and parapets with flat concrete deck, dated 1997. A new new A 1997. dated deck, concrete flat 1997 with dated parapets and abutments, brick abutments and Brick deck 1930 circa concrete with widened was bridge Flat road c1943 the when parapet, to installed railings stone Bridge with bridge bull-nosed with concrete parapet Modern brick and arch segmental wide with brick Red th theirrespectivenameson at thesewereprivatelyfunded. ge undertheRail&RoadTra w ofthesesurvive in their originalcondition. Many have the othersandwerereinforced idges, andtheevidenceof ally been replaced in concrete. There is also onestone idges, aswascustomaryelsewhere. n Shardlow Conservation Area) the 1920s and 1930s, some to conform to new the1920sand1930s,sometoconformnew footpath acrosscanalnear theA50

modern replacementcarrying theA50) 15 soft, red, hand-madebricks with chamfered or e brickarches, using se variouseras.Documentaryevidenceshows d thebargesandpassedunderbridges. been largelyrebuilt usinga concreteorsteel plain squarepiers.Thebridgesservingthe ges havegenerallycurved, battered walls milar, themany subtledifferencesbetween thatsomeofthebrick bridgesmayhave not passunderneaththearches,andthey repair andreinforcementareonthe g WilneLane(inShardlowConservation the 1816canalsurveyandthese ffic Act1933.Themorerural with stone outer corners, initials ofJG onthebridge mi-engineering blueor Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

rete deck, brick parapets replaced rail and sections of original stone the parapet, that facing east with ter corners, brick parapets with copings survive on east facing side. evidence of stonework to plinth and y rebuilt in red engineering bricks but gineering bricks in 1926. Sections of the abutments and the soffit, original with some repairs in blue engineering amfered, with central stone keystone

own as “Scotch”, off King’s Mills Lane off King’s Mills own as “Scotch”, own as “Dildrum Ford Bridge” (1816) Ford Bridge” own as “Dildrum th chamfered stone copings 16

e Bridge, near Weston Grange e Bridge, near Weston

with timber post and rail fence lower abutments, significant crack to one wall, some later repairs in blue and red engineering bricks original brick bridge & stone parapet chamfered stone copings brick, outer segmental brick arch, ch incorporating date 1770 & initials JG, large stepped stone blocks to outer Flat bridge of steel T-section beams and concrete deck, with brindled engineering bricks with new narrow conc stone copings to brick parapets, some engineering brick abutments, steel hand Wood (pictured right) (listed grade II) stone hood mould or overthrow, coursed stone with bull-nosed stone mainly pedestrian traffic, coping, projecting nib to both sides of corners, brick parapets wi some original brickwork surviving on bull-nosed stone copings largely reinstated coping; largely rebuilt c1917 but some brickwork & stone surviving brick abutments with steel incised datestone 1770 engineering brick, stepped stone ou I-section girders and deck, repairs to parapets in blue engineering bricks with some original stone copings, simple wrought iron handrails and intermediate posts over bridge Brick bridge largely original brickwork,

Bridge widened and rebuilt in blue en Outer abutments of original brick bridge survive but largely rebuilt in Stone bridge and stone parapet with deep segmental arch and projecting

Brick with segmental brick arch – largel Largely original brickwork with wide segmental brick arch and bull-nosed Bridge No. 13 Bridge Cuttle Bridge No. 12 Massey’s Bridge Bridge No. 11 grade II) (listed Sarson’s Bridge, near Weston Hill Farm Bridge No. 10 10 Footbridge near Cliff No. Bridge Bridge No. 9 No. Bridge Bridge, also kn Fine George’s Bridge No. 8 Lock (listed grade II) at Weston Bridge No. 7 Weston Cow Pastur Bridge No. 6 II along with lock) Aston Lock (listed grade Bridge No. 5 Bridge No. also kn Acrelane Bridge, N a rro w footbridge for footbridge Narrow Red brick bridge, largely original with replacement segmental arch in blue

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement

Bridge rebuilt 1944 in blue engineering engineering blue in 1944 rebuilt Bridge

rdeN.1 LowesBridge (listed grade II) Bridge No.15 rdeN.2 pedestrianfoot Bridge No.22 Bridge offBuckfordLane No. 21 “StensonGreen Bridge”(1816) Bridge No.20 StensonLock(listedgradeIIalongwithlock) Bridge No.19 “ArlistoneBridge”(1816)nearArlestonHouse Bridge No.18 DeepDaleBridge,off Deep DaleLane(listedgradeII) Bridge No.17 BarrowBridge,Sinfin Lane Bridge No.16 Swarkestone(listedgradeIIalongwithlock) Bridge No.14 Red brick with brick parapets and and parapets brick with brick Red , some minor repairs in blue and red red and blue in repairs minor some , arch brick segmental with bridge Brick

stone copings copings stone original chamfered chamfered original abutments, re-set re-set abutments, brick to parapets and and parapets to brick concrete deck and steel handrails to parapet parapet to handrails steel and deck concrete reconstruction in red red in reconstruction phase of of phase parapet parapet blue brick parapet and piers with in with piers and parapet brick blue bricks with later later with bricks brick arch and large stepped stone bloc stone stepped large and arch brick brick parapet with moulded blue brick brick blue moulded with parapet brick in blue engineering engineering blue in stone copings over brick parapets parapets brick over copings stone Riveted I-section girders support deck of bridge, west facing side has blue blue has side facing west bridge, of deck support girders I-section Riveted (pictured right) handrail and slim wrought iron rods, timber deck deck timber rods, iron wrought slim and handrail rebuilt arch segmental and blue with condition, original in repaired in places with blue engineer blue with places in repaired Lattice pedestrian bridge of narrow I- narrow of bridge pedestrian Lattice largely deep - arch), to rebuilt distortion Largely (some arch brick segmental segmental with with bridge pattern, canal original Brick its to 2012 in rebuilt largely bridge, ca Brick narrow of abutments brick Original brick segmental with bridge canal Brick ments to outer corners, chamfered chamfered corners, outer to ments abut stone stepped brick, engineering Original stone chamfered copings copings chamfered stone Original and arch and rounded stone copings copings stone rounded and arch and copings stone chamfered with rounded moulded profile and later 20 later and profile moulded rounded parapet a stone panel is set into the br the into set is panel stone a parapet engineering brick brick engineering (defaced). Original bullnosed coping coping bullnosed Original (defaced).

bridge nearPotlocksFarm 17

nearStensonJunction(listedgradeII) termediate panels of steel fencing fencing steel of panels termediate red engineering brick repairs to parapet parapet to repairs brick engineering red reinstated upon several courses of red red of courses several upon reinstated segmental brick arch. Arch has been been has Arch arch. brick segmental ickwork designed to take an inscription inscription an take to designed ickwork section construction, with iron posts, posts, iron with construction, section bricks with brick ra brick with bricks ing bricks. On both sides of bridge bridge of sides both On bricks. ing nal accommodation bridge with later later with bridge accommodation nal th copings, east-facing side has shallow shallow has side east-facing copings, arch in blue engineering bricks with with bricks engineering blue in arch ks to outer corners, brick parapets parapets brick corners, outer to ks century repairs to brick parapets. parapets. brick to repairs century

ised band and brick brick and band ised Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement to parapet. Stone

and “rustic” bricks gs, cast concrete panels and concrete al arch and brick band/ overthrow. with rounded moulded bricks and later

century, with riveted iron plate box-girder plate box-girder century, with riveted iron th and abutments, which are most impressive and abutments, which are most impressive

d countless others in its immediate vicinity. in its immediate d countless others 18 rmingham and Derby Junction Railway and its off-

for gravel extraction site for gravel extraction occasionally gritstone parapets, just beyond the canal. The occasionally gritstone parapets, just beyond the canal.

The road bridge incorporates cast Of the 23 small arches that the aqueduct is supported by, only 12 Canal over the River Dove, off Canal over the River Dove, off Egginton (listed Derby Road, grade II) - pictured right. Egginton (listed grade II) Egginton (listed II) rendered piers Repairs in blue engineering brick to arch are visible from the bank. iron panels with decorative parapets of intersecting arches. It repairs, chamfered stone copings was constructed to carry the road over both the canal and the railway, which are very closely bull-nosed copings reset aligned at this point. Trent and Mersey carrying the Bridge installed in 1997, concrete and steel with brick abutments

Brick bridge with continuous segment

Road bridge and viaduct Road bridge Lane. at Buckford Bridge No. 26 No. Bridge Hargate (listed grade “Hargate Lane Bridge” (1816), High Bridge, High Aqueduct Bridge No. 25 No. Bridge OS 279 279, off Derby Road, at Bridge” (1816), farm track “Gardener’s Bridge No. 24 Bridge No. the A5132 Willington, carrying Bridge No. 24A access bridge Bridge No. 23 Bridge No. the B5008 carrying (1816), “Willington Bridge”

Concrete bridge rebuilt 1936, iron railin Concrete panel bridge with curved concrete arch

Red brick continuous segmental arch

construction with riveted joints and flanges and either iron plate parapets or steel handrails. flanges and either iron with riveted joints and construction piers stone There are decorative rock-faced towpath, and the from viewed bridges are: the original Bi The railway bridges of both Railway bridges shoots criss-cross the canal at sharp angles between Willington and Weston Lock. There and the canal at sharp angles between Willington shoots criss-cross canal an bridges crossing the are five railway the 19 all built during The railway bridges were Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement Stop gates/stop planks andvalves planks Stop gates/stop

position bychain. which wereraisedfromthebed ofthecanalinto such astotheeastofSarson’sBridge(No.11), there werealsoafewlocationsforstopgates, had slotsin the brickwor be drainedformaintenance.Manyof thebridges stop gatesandplan case ofabreach,andthecanalhadseries All canalsneed to bema Mileposts      Bridge nearWestonLock Bridge nearWestonhillFarm Bridge nearStensonLock Bridge nearStensonJunction(DBPI–12) Bridge nearWillington,possiblydesi Canalside ephemera - sluice mechanism (l mechanism -sluice ephemera Canalside ks, where the canal could intained andrepaired,in

Derwent Mouth Lock. location. There is alsoamode moved about50yardsalongthecanalfromtheiroriginal restored, with newones cast.Themilepostshaveeach been removed during WWIIandthesurv There are7ofthis replacemen casting is thesamebut with replaced in1977bytheTrentan between SwarkestoneandMonks Bridge, the mileposts were running fromSwarkestoneto Sh quatrefoil andsimplerectangle. There are6 original mileposts to the base of each post.Th Dixon. Aplaquestating “R& “half-bobbin” topandweremanufacturedbyRangeley The originalmilepostsweredesigned witharound postanda k forstop planksand gned byJames TrubshawofStafford 19 eft) and crane (right)atSwarkestone eft) and D Stone 1819” wascastandadded ese plaqueswere oftwo types– the inscription“19T&MCS77”. rn commemorativemilepostat ardlow. Intheother direction t type.The mileposts were d MerseyCanalSociety.The iving posts wererescued and Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement roofs. In both casesroofs. In both century but has been th century. They are symmetrical are symmetrical They century. th

There are a handful of surviving There are a handful a cottage cottages; lock-keeper’s one at Stenson at Weston Lock, and a cottage left) Lock (pictured at Swarkestone. Mouth, at Derwent The locks and Stenson were Shardlow, Aston by a lock- originally accompanied located on the keeper’s cottage “waste weir” side of the canal, be easily outflow could where the House controlled. “Derwent Lock and garden” built on the north side north the and garden” built on has of the canal at Derwent Mouth g eaves. This detail and the map evidence the map evidence g eaves. This detail and a time, both may have been in use, but the the but in use, may have been a time, both the original lock-keeper’s cottage and was cottage and the original lock-keeper’s ills, a central door and recessed panel “blind” chimney stack and hipped 20 and canalside houses houses canalside and ton Lock survived into the 20 ton Lock survived been built by the estate estate by the built been had been demolished by 1880. had been demolished the Harpur Crewe estate and the s a lengthman’s house. It was s a lengthman’s tenson Lock Cottage” to the tenson Lock Cottage” century, incorporating gauged enson was replaced c1820. th Lock House, Stenson Lock brick lintels, sash windows and a central triangular window. pediment with a circular A grade II listed cottage “S the after shortly developed canal at Stenson, south of the canal was built, was built by estate chimney stacks, with rounded has the unmistakable moulded brickwork. It may have for use alongside an impromptu wharf. disappeared. The cottage at Shardlow was replaced by another on the north side of the disappeared. The cottage at Shardlow As canal. The original cottage at removed. The cottage at St although Lock and Stenson Lock are of the same type, The surviving cottages at Weston 19 the mid in extended Lock was at Weston the cottage and stone c buildings, with gauged brick lintels central level, a at first floor windows above overhangin wide with slate Welsh the roofs are 1820. suggest that they were built around displaced The new cottage at Stenson Lock canal. For side of the located on the opposite original lock-keeper’s cottage original lock-keeper’s right), High Bridge House, west of Willington (pictured the list was called “Hargate House” in 1816 and it wa description states that the canal built by certainly one of the few buildings front the to deliberately was placed very company that canal, but it is very fine indeed for a lengthman’s house, and typical of the late 18 Building types cottages Lock-keepers’ Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement   include: area statementforShardlow). Agrainwa or withintheShardlowsectionof association withthewharves. Th Outside Shardlow,thereareonlyahandfulofbuildings thatsurvive Wharfside buildings canal duringtheearly19 A numberofsteam-poweredcornmills andgr Grain warehouses beer houses,inShardlow.Publichous canal, althoughTheGreenManismuchearlier.Therewere anumberofpublichouses, or these the Green Dragonappearstohavebeen There arethreepublichouseswithin Willington a Public houses Lock wasbuilt in the1820s. Mersey Canal Company.Thelock-keeper’scottage, further totheeastatSwarkestone adjacent wharf outbuildingwerebuiltbySi tollhouses on theturnpikeroads,withafacetedendandblindwindows. Thehouse and has agraduatedandhippedWestmorelandslate it wasprobablybuiltinthislocation toextr The houseat SwarkestoneStopwasinexistenceby1816.Itsprecisedateisnotknown but slate roofs. The canalbuildings atSwarkestonehavedent   lifted by itsdentilled brickeaves.Thebric Outbuilding adjacenttoSwarkestone StopBar described astheboatshed,no “Cuttle WharfandBoatshed”.Thecottage appears tohavebeenthebuilding Bridge, Swarkestone Cuttle Rose Cottage, of itsoriginaluse.Ithasbeenusedasahousefor manyyears. century andnot18 developed. The“BoatInn”wasapurpose farm groupthatwas demolishedwhenWillingtonPowerStationwasfirst “TheBoatInn”. “Potlocks Farm”,formerly This hasbeenconvertedintoanIndianrestaurantcalled“Nadee”. Inn” (1880),builttothenorthofcanal “Nadee”, formerlynamed the“DogInn”(183 th th century. century.Mostofthecornmills ey areallplain,brick-built, thecanal,aseparate conserva t owned bythe canal company es elsewhere alongthe canalinclude; rehouse stoodatWillingtonwharfuntil1936. 21 r HenryCreweandrentedbythe Trent and act tollsfromtheusers illed brickeavesandgraduatedWestmoreland ain warehousesweredevelopedalong the theonemost directly associatedwiththe kwork suggeststhatitisprobably early19 -built canalworkersandboatmen’spub. ll of which werein existence in 1846. Of roof andwasbuiltinastylesimilarto The namePotlocksFarmbelongedtoa near BuckfordLane andBridgeNo.21. 6) and after that “The Greyhound 6) andafter that“TheGreyhound . This was described in 1816 as . Thiswasdescribedin1816as were located within Staffordshire were locatedwithinStaffordshire with segmental brickarchesand . Thisisarather plainbuilding, tion area(see conservation but thereis noevidence of theDerbyCanal.It that werebuiltin th

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement storeys plus an attic ’s canal aqueduct that canal ’s the local industries. Its the local industries. undary, which is only visible from the only visible from undary, which is canal craft, and doesn’t have the clarity of clarity and doesn’t have the canal craft, tch of canal; Brindley of canal; tch d as possessing “a stagnant ochery surface”,d as possessing “a rely devoted to the pursuit of leisure and a and of leisure the pursuit to devoted rely eated at that time. A long channel of water eated towpath, which regularly runs parallel with regularly runs parallel which towpath, ge House can be seen on the 1816 survey. noticeable near Willington where the canal the near Willington where noticeable rial history of the industrial history of ntribution to the the overbearing presence of the A38, which which overbearing presence of the A38, the trees, shrubs and hedgerows along its length trees, shrubs and ne brick building of two 50 crosses the canal. The Willington to Clay Willington canal. The 50 crosses the t quality to support a thriving habitat for c, is most pronounced near Swarkestone and c, is most pronounced near Swarkestone ar to hover above the canal for a distance. The ar to hover above the canal for corridor and its wharves and its buildings were and its buildings and its wharves corridor 22 association with Egginton Wharf. ately connected with supporting ately connected where, the presence of the dual carriageways, the A50 and the the of the dual carriageways, the presence where, situated between Monks Bridge and Highbrid Monks Bridge and situated between This appears to have been used in There are two principal features along this stre Monks Bridge to Willington Monks Bridge to Willington by its characterised The area is landscape and low- wide, open lying land within the river valley, where the Rover Dove meets are Trent. There the River numerous small watercourses and a series of culverts carrying drainage channels and brooks under the canal, originally of red replaced in blue brick but mainly was brick. The River Dove widened to reduce the force of new on the current the aqueduct and as a consequence may have been cr some of these watercourses runs over the River Dove, on the County bo on the runs over the River Dove, a fi House. This is riverbank, and High Bridge Conservation Area Description Description Area Conservation enti of the canal is now the character Although Potteries. the in heartland industrial its fitted best would have description although that churned up by Although the canal water is still slow lifestyle, it was of course an industrial it was of course slow lifestyle, and intric all purpose-built co largely in its lies significance, therefore, Midlands. stark a new and early days, when it was the canal has changed since its The character of the landscape. The growth of introduction to corridor. The wildlife edged, soft a to structure engineered it from a stark, has transformed by Josiah Wedgewoo described water was once sufficien it is nevertheless of river water, of traffi presence of the A50, and the sound waterfowl. a transport and communication corridorThe importance of the canal as and a sense of its the from can be appreciated industrial past the together and freight trains thunder past, disturbing and railway line are squeezed tranquillity of the canal. Else which appe A38, are particularly felt, both of the A where immediately east of Aston Lock, sections of the mainline railway. This is most This sections of the mainline railway. by of the canal is also dominated Mills section the canal. partly tracks Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement very busyspacedominatedbytrafficandmeasurestocontroltraffic,intheformof four roadsintersect-CanalBridge,TheGreen Beyond thecanalbuildings in Willington sits onitsown, builtduringaseco array ofmoorednarrowboats.Onthenorthside open greenspace,oneofthefewspaces the wharfclosed.Itisapleasant as theMarina,createdin1973after Green is a large amenityarea,known the terrace ofcottages 13-19 The the rearofTheGreenDragonand and theyare infrequentlyused.To footpaths hasaprivatecharacter, and workshops.Thisnetworkof once importantroutestohouses narrow lanesandpathsthatwere away fromit,focusseduponthe buildings thatfrontthecanalface Also Willingtonisunusual asthe tranquil character thanmaybeexpected. across agentlyrisingpastorallandscapetothe historic character.Despite thebustle ofWi replaced withconcretebridges.Asaresult,th In approachingWillingtonfromthesouth-west Willington seen fromthetowpath(seepi High Bridgelargeexpansesoflow-lyinglandar carriageway thatfollowsthealignmentof aRoma towpath. This sectionofcanalischaracte Hawthorn hedgerows, withocca with thecanal. storey, which because of its proximity tothe cture onpreviouspage). sional blackthornandbucktho nd waveofcanalbuilding,circa1820. 23 are focussed upon amainroadjunction,where rised by its proximity to the A38, a dual rised byitsproximitytotheA38,adual llington tothe south, there areopenviews e beingquarriedforgravel.Deeppitscanbe north giving this section of the canal a more north givingthissectionofthecanalamore , ReptonRoadandCastle Way.Itis nowa is sectionof thecanalhas lostsomeofits wpath has a relatively dramatic relationship wpath hasarelativelydramaticrelationship availablealong thecanal forenjoyingthe ofthe canalthereis asmallcottagethat n road(Rykneld Street). Tothe eastof , theoriginal brickbridges havebeen and thelackofprivate space, Because of theamountoftraffic, area, hasleft a gapin thestreet. and justoutsidethe conservation the southern sideofthejunction, the loss oftheStationbuilding on helps toenclose thespace, but theirorientation frontage and pubs stillhavea widepavement Man andTheRisingSun. buildings; the Station,TheGreen important spacefrontedbythree and signs.Thiswasoncean islands roundabouts, bollards, rn, linelongsections ofthe Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement century. century. th lationship with the canal was was canal lationship with the ent-headed casement windows. ent-headed casement windows. the canal to the east of Willington there east the canal to the and was built in its present form, with its and was built in Lane, is a purpose-built stud farm. It was Lane, is a purpose-built of old gravel pits, large areas of wetland, of old gravel pits, affic. This area within the Trent valley is the Trent valley is area within affic. This on bridges. Arleston House Farm can be quiet, even though it runs parallel with the parallel with though it runs quiet, even to the west of the old pub. The original to the west of the old pub. The trees provide an important shelterbelt and and an important shelterbelt trees provide trees, comprised of mainly wetland species trees, comprised vens. Much of this area appears to have had area appears to have had vens. Much of this ve been adapted into a pub (The Bubble Inn, ned by tall hawthorn hedgerows, although it ned by tall hawthorn hedgerows, nfine the views along the towpath. Here the nfine the views along the towpath. group of well-preserved historic buildings (see group of well-preserved 24 ll survives, refurbished in the late 19 refurbished in the late ll survives, of canal buildings; a simple, It is typical of canal buildings; a by tall hedgerows. e the canal. The close physical re e the canal. The close ntilled eaves course and segm century but several, such as Arleston House Farm (just within the the (just within Arleston House Farm such as but several, century th Stenson to Swarkestone Stenson and Swarkestone the canal is Between conservation area) that predat railway line, but this has only occasional rail tr railway line, but this in substantial grounds, some developed characterised by a number of large properties during the 19 of accommodati promoted by the construction Stenson a busy Stenson is a colourful place, with craft. marina and boatyard used by pleasure largelyIt has a semi-industrial character, buildings of dominated by the industrial Stenson Boatbuilders, which are situated on rising land overlooking the marina. The where canal, the fronting of buildings cluster and road meet, creates an the lock group andinteresting some memorable to the views. Stenson House, which lies back within its north of the lock, is set private grounds and is largely not visible from the road. Its former farm outbuildings ha pictured above) and semi-industrial buildings serving the boatyard. such as willow and alder, all valuable wildlife ha alder, all valuable wildlife willow and such as The the towpath. from informal public access and help to co buffer from the sound of trains towpath is defi southern side of the canal and around Potlocks Farm. was once more open, particularly Inn”) was approached Boat across the canal from a Potlocks Farm (formerly “The sti footbridge in 1816, and the bridge Willington to Stenson to Stenson Willington on Findern north of the canal Dale Farm, to the both pubs have attempted to soften their frontage through the use of planters and large planters the use of frontage through to soften their have attempted both pubs plant pots. on the 1836 1” OS map described as a “lodge” and a linear corridor of ponds, with reed beds, courtyard of buildings, by 1880. It is a fine buildings, courtyard of Review). section on Boundary of south immediate runs to the Where the railway series land dominated by a narrow strip of is a pits and earthworks, a large canal basinAlthough now only a series of deep and wharf was towpath, just located to the south of the canal “Boat Inn” is now largely hidden brick-built structure with a de Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement Black Pool, a long canal of Black Pool,alongcanal was builtupandhasasteep embankment,overlooking the river. Thisisoneof thefew placeswhere thecanal sandwiched betweenthe river runs rightunderthecliff at sandstone outcrop.ThecourseoftheRiver Trent canal runsat thefootof We becomes muchgreenerandcrowdedbytrees asthe restricting theviews andgraduallythe character slowly dissipates. Thecanalfollowaseries ofcurves tranquillity asthevolume ofnoise fromroadtraffic East fromCuttle Bridgether traffic. a widerandstrongerbridge,suitableforheavyroad bridges, mostof Cuttle Bridge original identityislargely buildings that developedatCuttleBridgeandits the north bank ofthecanal.There is nowvery To theeast ofSwarkestoneLock toWeston Lock Swarkestone bridge onthe DerbyCanal. there arelong viewstowardsthefirst canal Derby Canal.Thecanalopensouthereand particular atthe entrance tothe former craft andthereisplenty ofactivity, in here, asfarthelock,therearemoored of thecanalandismuchmoresevere.From from theedge ofthebuildings tothewalls black tarmac,whichinplacesrunsright from anunmadegravelboundsurfaceto cottage. Thetowpathchangescharacter wharf andbuildingadjacent tothetoll on the canal. This is situated near the small surviving examples ofcanalsidecranesleft Swarkestone StopBarhasoneofthefew Swarkestone bridge (nowdemolished). Thebuildingshave formerly RagleyBarn, onceconnectedtoth TheRagleyBoatStop.build moorings at clearly seen fromthe towpath.Just to little traffic. its north,and therailway line, to A sectionof thecanalissandwichedbetweenDe they are outsidethe conservation area. have losttheir originalhistoriccharacter. lost. Likemanyofthecanal water thatmayhavebeen a this point andthecanalwas e isanimmediatesenseof ston Cliff,a naturalrock itself was replaced with wasreplaced itself and cliff,el is Cuttle Bridge, oncean im its south.Theroadoverlook evated above They are prominent from the towpath, although They areprominentfromthetowpath,although the eastofArlestonHouseFarmareprivate 25 e canalbymeansofitsownaccommodation been extended andconv ings thatstandoverlookingthecanalwere epdale Lane(alsoknownasSinfinLane), to little remaining of the original group of littleremainingoftheoriginalgroup portant wharfstretchingalong s thecanal buthasrelatively erted intoapubbut Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement Mary’s Church, a Mary’s towpath to hide the towpath to ute to Kings Mills and this cter. Immediately to the east to cter. Immediately with A large brick-built house a large courtyard of farmbuildings, Weston Grange, is a very prominent and attractive historic building from the towpath. viewed front lawn The skirt of its waters leads down to the edge and the main part of the house is framed in views from the canal. The physical and relationship of the canal this house seems to suggest the some connection with canal, although there is no record of any connection. record of any connection. un parallel with the across the river, still survives, albeit in an albeit in an still survives, across the river, de opens out and there is less tree cover. cover. is less tree and there de opens out the canal. On the north side of the canal, On the the canal. with the rock outcrop to its south is a is a south with the rock outcrop to its g from the canal to Old Cliff House evokes Cliff House evokes canal to Old g from the OS maps have also disappeared but Horse OS maps have ions, but there are places where its original where its are places but there ions, by generations of packhorse and foot traffic. and foot traffic. of packhorse by generations wpath north towards St. tity removed from the main part of Weston tity removed from the main part the south and east are hampered by a large the e towpath across the fields and pasture to the e towpath across the fields and dominated by woodland arching by woodland dominated the canal over 26 e (see picture at foot of page 25). at foot of page picture e (see s been heaped to r k over the canal was an old ro building (Old Cliff House) has original building (Old Cliff The ry Social Club. ominantly open and rural chara is overshadowed by trees and is now indistinct. The wharf The indistinct. now and is by trees overshadowed is Weston Grange historic character and identity is still visible. is identity and historic character originaldirection towards the river the other pedestrian footbridge in the Leading from the crossing the ferry footpath to evident on the early building and boathouse to the “horse and foot ferry” Bridge, which led altered form. the countrysi Cliff Immediately beyond Weston to and the canal views from There are long prominent local landmark. gates, lock, lock groupAt Weston Lock, there is a small comprising lock keeper’s cottage, bridge and waste weir. The trac quiet iden little group of buildings has its own upon Trent. This stretch of canal has a pred It leads to the Ukrainian Count It leads to the Ukrainian and accret alterations later in been enveloped Weston Lock to Shardlow and clinging to the steep hillside abov hillside to the steep and clinging dirt track leadin and deep sunken The narrow away route, worn of an ancient the character views from th of Weston Lock there are long together south towards Kings Mills, which prominent landmark in the distance. To the east of Weston Grange the views to of soil which ha “bund”, a mound extensive quarry workings and gravel pits from former channel of the river. The area is now The area is of the river. former channel Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement conservation area. relationship withthecanal. Itis recommended brick-built withStaffordshire blue canal companytheywere built in association important relationshipwiththecanal andalthou 1880 appeartohavebeenextendedandinfille The building closesttothecanalandadetachedbuildingwere inexistenceby1816,and point inviews alongthe canal.They are To thewest ofWillingtonBridgeis asmall Willington Conservation Area to Proposed extensions Boundary Review naturalised treesandshrubs, which leaddowntothewater’sedge. Derwent beyondandtheriverbanksappearso steep change inlevelbetween the lockatDerwent MouthandthemouthofRiver northern sideofthecanalwheretherearemany The last sectionof thecanalisdominatedby the presence ofnarrowb Mouth toDerwent Shardlow Bridge, whichisanewbridgecarryingtheA noise oftheA50reachesacrescendo,atit including averylowmetalquarryaccessbridge, Between hereandShardlowthereareanumbe Lane. road access,althoughthereisabridlewayandfootpathfromtheroad,Aston Aston Lockisquiteisolatedandnolonger ha Trent valleyispeppered withar areas ofancientsettlementandseveralscheduled ancientmonuments.This part ofthe been widespreadlossofhedgerowsalongtheca however, the views areexpansive Long view to the west west the Long viewto chaeological evidenceofearly

claytiledroofsandas a gr as thelandform is fairly flat and exclusionsfromthe currently outside the conservation area. 50, builtin1997sympatheticmaterials. 27

group ofcottagesthat s alock-keeper’s cottage.Thereisnoobvious with thedevelopment ofthecanal.They are s loudestand mostoppressiveatHicken’s d withaterrace ofcottages.Theyform an ft bycontrastwiththecanal,planted which appearscompletelyoutofplace.The nal. Thelong views tothewest run across mooringsandaprivatemarina.Thereis gh theywerenotowne thattheybe included within the canal r ofmodernbridgescrossingthecanal, anduneventful andtherehas occupation andactivity. oup theyhaveanimportant are animportantfocal oat activityalongthe d orleasedbythe Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement century. century. th nk House, a building nk House, a med that this boundary ation with the canal and ation with the canal is not characteristic of local vernacular is not characteristic of local vernacular currently includes Ba currently includes ed by the Civic Amenities Act 1967, as an as Act 1967, Amenities Civic by the ed this be regularised to include the historic the historic regularised to include be this e “cherished local scene” in the face of in the local scene” e “cherished es a modern prefabricated building on the es a modern prefabricated building cally by bridges, or wharves or by their cally by bridges, the conservation area. It is proposed that of the canal. Very little is known about this known about this is the canal. Very little of r and there are no connecting bridges. For bridges. For no connecting r and there are World War. It was not intended that following the creation of the railway line in the creation of the railway following ated with an earlier form of canal basin andated with an earlier form of canal special character. At the Trent and Mersey special Cliff House. It is assu outbuilding once stood, but excludes a range storic use and its industrial development and industrial development storic use and its important group of well preserved historic preserved historic group of well important the canal basin and further earthworks in the the canal basin and further earthworks nal conservation area. However, the canal the canal area. However, nal conservation d relationship with the industrial development d relationship with the industrial acks and wharf building have gone, there are acks and wharf building have gone, with the canal, as they cannot be seen or be seen as they cannot with the canal, ment of goods between rail and canal. A large rail and canal. ment of goods between d as a wharf in the first half of the 19 first half of wharf in the d as a 28 d, but rather that settlements should develop over time over should develop but rather that settlements d, It is proposed that this area be included within the canal the within included be area this proposed that is It to exclude Bank House. to exclude acknowledgement of the need to conserve th to acknowledgement of the need Second change following the accelerated development should be prevente their strengthens reflects and in a way that buildings. Loss and Damage conservation areas was introduc of The concept includ area conservation of the The boundary of the 1930s, with a green glazed pantiled roof. It of the 1930s, with a green glazed with relationship buildings and has no historic the boundary be re-drawn Old Cliff House Old Cliff House, where an old north side of of historic buildings that are attached to Old has been drawn in error and it is proposed that Stenson area boundary of the conservation The northern 1836. The rails can be seen on the 1880 Ordnance Survey map as well as a wharfside 1836. The rails can be seen on development was an important building. This the tr area and its historic use. Although Potlocks Farm Potlocks Farm and squeezed between the canal and Farm, of Potlocks south-west To the immediate an area that was develope railway track, is and canal network worked together and network railway For a short period the tranship interchanges were created for the Boat Inn, west of the basin was created to the with associated earthworks extensive, deep may be associ garden of Potlocks Farm, which wharf pre-dating the railway. interest an conservation area for its historic of the canal. Dale Farm, Findern Lane Findern Dale Farm, Farm is an Dale doubt that no There is hi of its because special is conservation area buildings. They currently fall within the ca fall within the They currently buildings. area have an conservation the with historic structures associated and the buildings or were linked physi immediate relationship buildings at Dale Farm have no historic associ industrial use. The relationship no physical have indeed they reached from either the towpath or the wate the towpath or the either reached from these reasons, it is proposed that they be removed from the canal conservation area. removed from is proposed that they be these reasons, it Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement blockwork, andunsympatheticmaterials. Boundaries frontingTheGreenin Willington been createdandisbeing maintained. these forgottenspaces are beingtreatedmore allowed togrowuncheckedandarechokingot her plantsand hedgerows.Inotherplaces, have beenleftwithoutaneconomicuseand areas wherethelong,thinslices oflandly landscape and fields, but leadingtolossofva sections ofhedgerowhavebeengrubbed meadows, atatimewhenthelandscapewasbe hedgerow toprovideastockproofenclosure Many ofthealterationsundertaken tobridgesal structures Alterations tobridges andinappropriaterepairs tohistoric The creation ofthecanalin Loss ofboundariesandhedgerows and characterofthe canal. ontheatmosphere Bridge, hasadamagingeffect wall ofnoisefromtheA50,nearHicken’s environment. Occasionallynoise,suchasthe with slow-movingtrafficandarelaxing The canalisgenerallyaquietandtranquilplace Noise asitremo is themostdamagingalteration bund. Thelossofviewstothesouth,acrossth and betweenWestonGrangeHicken’sBridge canal. Tothe south-west ofWillingtontherear years and todaythere aresomelarge sites th run parallelwiththe canal. Thescale ofextractionhasincreasedimmeasurablyoverthe Gravel extractionhasbeengoingonformanyyearswithin theTrentvalley,andmany sites Setting harmful development,sofarasthiscouldbe conservation areain1994.Thedesignationwa Canal, someoftheundesirable changes desc mistakes in thefuture. planning authoritytoreverse some ofthe this character.Itishoped thatidentifying canal hassufferedalterations orlossesthateith In definingthecharacter oftheconservationar the1770swouldhaveinvolved ves the senseofplace andits valleysetting. these willhelp householders, designersandthe ing between themajorroads,railwayandcanal 29 luable coverand awildlifecorridor.Thereare achieved by the need damaging alterations andtoavoidthesame damaging alterations between the canalandthe adjoiningfields and out, enabling viewsacross theimmediate ribed below predate the designation of the ribed belowpredatethedesignationof are poorlymaintained.Brambleshavebeen s putinplaceasasafeguardagainstfurther e Trentvalley,andthecreationofbund e expansiveviewsoverthedeepgravelpits, ea wecanalsoidenti at stretchforlongdistancesalongsidethe have been alteredusingmodernconcrete ong thelengthofcanal areoftheirtime positively and anaturalwetlandhabitat has ginning tobeformallyenclosed.Inplaces, er individuallyorcumulativelyhavediluted views ofgravelpitsaremaskedbyalong theplantingofmiles for planningpermission. fy instances where the

Trent & Mersey Canal Conservation Area Character Statement centuries centuries th nimum, as it is of nimum, as it is structures in their in their structures tion ethic, carefully and early 20 and early th brick copings or concrete cappings. It is brick copings or by a strong conserva by a ould be kept to the mi ould be kept to ed to be the best materials of the day. In best materials be the ed to ine-made “rustic effect” bricks, introducing effect” bricks, introducing ine-made “rustic century have been even less sensitive, sensitive, less even been have century British Waterways, standards of repairs and of repairs British Waterways, standards brickwork and stone details. In many cases cases many In stone details. and brickwork These are occasionally of historic interest. of historic interest. are occasionally These th gs, cottages and lock-keepers’ cottages have cottages and lock-keepers’ cottages gs, e introduction of uPVC windows and the e introduction d engineered approach to the historic bridges approach d engineered 30 aracter of the conservation area. conservation of the aracter considerable importance to the ch to the considerable importance original canal buildin the In several instances alterations, such as th had unsympathetic concrete tiles. replacement of slate roofs with of the stewardship In more recent years, under Guided improved. maintenance have been greatly substituting smooth hand-made bricks with mach substituting smooth for repairs, as these were hard and as these were for repairs, durable. an this pragmatic a general rule as However, red hand-made the loss of original has meant carried out during the 20 modern repairs and replacing stone copings with new brick bonds, should be structures and so they that the bridges are engineered important to remember material sh of original loss but treated robustly, adaptation are now the norm for sourced materials and sympathetic control. - repairs were carried out in what was consider what out in carried were - repairs late 19 used during the bricks were blue engineering many cases A B C Willington Conservation Area boundary

Proposed extended boundary

Proposed area to be deleted

Open spaces

Principal views Majesty's Stationery copyright. OfficeCrown Council. LA 100019461.2010 LA Council. Architectural landmarks & focal points

Listed Locks

Listed Mileposts

Important Mileposts

Listed Bridges

Important Bridges

Listed buildings Other buildings which contribute positively to the E special architectural or historic character

Scheduled Monuments D F Areas of high archaeological potential

C

B (1km) (2km) (3km) 0500 1000 2000 3000 This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Survey Survey on behalf of the Controller of Ordnance with the permission material Ordnance from map is reproduced This District South Derbyshire or civil proceedings. prosecution lead to and may copyright infringes Crown Unauthorised reproduction metres

D E Stenson F

A

Trent and Mersey Canal Conservation Area Part 1 Designated : 19th May 1994 This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. South Derbyshire District Council. LA 100019461.2010 G Swarkestone Lock focal points Architectural landmarksand Principal views Open spaces Proposed area to bedeleted Proposed boundary extended Area boundary Conservation G H 2000 0 Listed Buildings Bridges Important Listed Bridges Mileposts Important Listed Mileposts Listed Locks 500 H 1000 (1km) I metres Areas ofhigharchaeological potential Monuments Scheduled the specialarchitectural orhistoric character buildingswhichcontribute positivelyOther to (2km) J I 3000 (3km) K J Weston Lock Shardlow Area Conservation Conservation Area 2 Part Conservation Trent Canal andMersey Designated :19thMay 1994 K Appendix

Distinctive Architectural Details

TRENT AND MERSEY CANAL Checklist of details

The details in this appendix illustrate those building elements that help to define the Trent and Mersey Canal’s particular character. These may be common everyday vernacular details found repeatedly through- out the conservation area or may be more exceptional, consciously designed features.

This appendix may prove useful in providing inspiration for new development, whether traditional or contemporary, if used with care. Paradoxically, the outstanding architectural details of a conservation area may not be the ones that are most typical of the area. They often belong to the important key buildings of a village and may look out of place on smaller buildings in subordinate locations. The majority of buildings in the conservation areas of South Derbyshire are plainly and simply detailed.

Bridges  Canal bridges in hand-made English bond brickwork and variants with segmental brick arch and shaped ashlar copings  Canal bridges in coursed stone with segmental stone arch and stone band  Railway bridges of iron in box girder construction with massive gritstone masonry piers and abutments  Pedestrian footbridges with cast iron and timber rails / lattice construction

Ephemera and Street Furniture  Cast iron and cast iron bobbin mileposts  Hand operated wharf crane  Wall mounted letter box

Roof types and details  Pitched roofs with plain close verges  Raised coped gables finished with stone copings, or very occasionally brick  Hipped roofs of graduated Westmoreland slate with mitred joints  Hipped Welsh slate roofs with blue tiled ridges and hips  Hipped roofs of hand-made red clay tiles

Chimney stacks and pots  Brick chimneys with red or blue brick oversailing courses  Brick stacks with moulded brick corners

Walls  Corbelled eaves, with “sawtooth” or dentilled brickwork  Raised horizontal brick bands  Blind, recessed panels within brickwork  Limewashed brickwork (often stripped or over-painted in modern masonry paints)

Windows  Small-paned vertically sliding sash windows  Multi-paned side-hinged timber casements, within chamfered moulded frames

Lintels and cills  Segmental brick arched windows, often from a single course of header bricks  Stone wedge lintels  Gauged brick lintels  Brickwork without cills BRIDGES

The original canal bridges along the canal were largely built of brick. Sarson’s Bridge is the only surviving stone bridge, probably built by a private individual who wanted to mark his land with a distinct bridge, but there is evidence that a few others were originally built in stone.

Above - Bridge No. 1 (Porter’s Bridge); brick with segmental brick arch and bull-nosed stone copings. This is the main type of C18 bridge on the Trent and Mersey Canal, with curved battered walls, finished in plain, square piers.

Left - segmental brick arch with rounded moulded bricks to the soffit at Bridge No. 25, incorporating a numbered cast iron plaque.

Second left - brick parapet with chamfered and rounded stone copings (Bridge No. 17, Deep Dale Bridge).

Below - coursed sandstone bridge with segmental arch, raised stone band and 1770 datestone (Sarson’s Bridge - No. 11).

Bottom left - detail of Fine George’s Bridge, No. 9. The lowest courses of sandstone indicate that this may have been intended initially as a stone bridge. The original brick bridges of the canal have been adapted over the years and the details of the alterations and repairs vary.

First left - plain red brick rebuilding in English bond brickwork at Weston Cow Pasture Bridge (No. 7).

Second left - reconstructed bridge (No. 21) incorporating a deep segmental arch and blue and Fletton bricks, laid in English bond, with original copings, re-seated.

Third left - the whole of the arch has been removed at Massey’s Bridge (No. 12), and the deck replaced with a concrete deck and timber and metal rails and posts. The original brick outer abutments survive.

Bottom left and detail below - Bridge No. 16, Barrow Bridge, rebuilt in 1944 in blue engineering bricks to the same pattern as the original bridge. The whole of the original bridge at No. 24 at Willington (left) was replaced with this concrete bridge in the 1930s.

View of the bridge at Swarkestone Lock (Bridge No. 14) from the side of the lock (below) - the complex arrangement of bridge, separate pedestrian footbridge and lock creates an interesting group.

Below - tapered brick parapet walls in hand-made red brick with chamfered stone copings at Bridge No. 6 (Aston Lock).

Bottom left and detail, bottom right - pedestrian footbridge over the canal (Bridge No. 22) near Potlocks Farm - a lattice bridge of narrow I-section construction with iron posts, handrail and slim wrought iron rods. This unusual bridge incorporates sections of railway track in its framework. Above left and right - pedestrian footbridges over the canal. Bridge No. 10 at Cliff Wood (left) was always a narrow footbridge, which also catered for packhorse traffic approaching the river crossing. The iron posts and rails are 20th century and may have replaced a timber fence. The footbridge at Weston Lock (right) has a cast metal deck and is a pattern repeated at the locks.

Left - cast-iron road bridge over the canal, carrying Buckford Lane.

Below - railway bridges over the canal. Left; bridge near Stenson Junction incorporates giant stone piers with rusticated stone bases and cornices and riveted iron plate box-girder construction. Right; smaller scale bridge of similar construction at Weston Lock, with handrail to parapet. EPHEMERA AND STREET FURNITURE

Left - Cast iron half-bobbin milepost (1819 original) with square plaque at base, produced by Rangeley and Dixon of Stone.

Right - Cast iron half-bobbin milepost (1819 original) with quatrefoil plaque at base, produced by Rangeley and Dixon of Stone.

Below left - Cast iron milepost (1977), replica of original 1819 Rangeley and Dixon mileposts, erected by the Trent and Mersey Canal Society with T&MCS cast inscription.

Left - 1964 milepost on the Derby Canal, located between the first bridge on the Derby Canal and Swarkestone Lock. Left - Crane at wharf alongside Swarkestone Stop toll house. 19th Century hand operated crane from the original wharf.

Right - Wall mounted letter box (GR). Located on wall in front of Stenson House. ROOF TYPES AND DETAILS

Left - hipped tiled roofs, with bonnet tiles cloaking the hips, at Weston Grange. Hand-made red clay tiles were used in this area before the arrival of the canal, but the exact origins of this house are slightly obscure.

Above left - hipped graduated Westmoreland Above right - hipped graduated slate roof with lead flashings (probably covering Westmoreland slate roof with mitred hips failed mitred hips) at Lock House, at Swarkestone Stop. Swarkestone.

Below - plain close verge and Staffordshire blue clay tiles (Swarkestone Boat Club).

Above - hipped Welsh slate roof with overhanging eaves and tiled hips (Lock House, Stenson Lock). CHIMNEY STACKS AND POTS

Left - brick stack with rounded moulded corners (Stenson Lock - Harpur Crewe estate). Blue brick oversailing courses (above) at Swarkestone Stop. WALLS

Canal buildings are generally quite plain, with little embellishment. There are few exceptions. The lengthman’s house, Highbridge House (above left) incorporates horizontal raised brick bands, now painted. Old Cliff House (above right), which predates the canal and is technically unassociated, incorporates a horizontal raised brick band and diapers in blue bricks.

Above left - horizontal stone bands and tooled, raised stone quoins at The Rising Sun, Willington, built after the railway opened in Willington. Above right - brick quoins and large blocks of roughly coursed rubble sandstone at The Bubble Inn, Stenson. Left - blind window at Swarkestone Stop. The recessed panel of brickwork, is part of the original symmetrical design. The canted end wall, with blind windows and symmetrical form is similar to the tollhouses that were built on turnpike roads.

Above - dentilled corbelled brick eaves, with evidence of limewash at the stone corner (The Lock House, Swarkestone). Below left and right - dentilled and corbelled brick eaves. There is also evidence of limewash at high level at 7 The Green, Willington (below left), which may indicate that this was a common finish for brickwork along this section of the Trent and Mersey Canal. WINDOWS

Right - small-paned, side-hinged, casements set recessed within chamfered frames at Potlocks Farm, near Willington.

Below - “Yorkshire” horizontally sliding multi-paned sash at Old Cliff House, Weston Cliff.

Left and below - vertically sliding sash windows at The Green Man Inn, Willington.

CILLS Many of the smaller cottages had no cill and relied on the natural weathering properties of brickwork (above).

Many of the buildings that incorporate stone lintels also have stone cills (left and below). LINTELS

Where economy was important, lintels were often simple and utilitarian in form. A segmental arch formed in brickwork was adopted at Lock House, Swarkestone (above), No. 7 The Green, Willington (left) and The Green Man Inn (top left).

Left and below - more formal gauged brick lintels at High Bridge House and The Lock House, Weston Lock. Rubbed bricks were sandwiched together using lime putty; the result was a precise, thinly-jointed wedge- shaped lintel. In both cases the bricks have been painted.

Left - C19 stone wedge lintels at 13-19 The Green, Willington. The fashion for wedge- shaped stone lintels in the first half of the C19 was fairly short-lived.