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Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus Pileatus) and Saproxylic Beetles In Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2008 Pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) and saproxylic beetles in partial cut and uncut bottomland hardwood forests Patricia Jean Newell Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Newell, Patricia Jean, "Pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) and saproxylic beetles in partial cut and uncut bottomland hardwood forests" (2008). LSU Master's Theses. 3262. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3262 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PILEATED WOODPECKERS (DRYOCOPUS PILEATUS) AND SAPROXYLIC BEETLES IN PARTIAL CUT AND UNCUT BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in The School of Renewable Natural Resources by Patricia J. Newell B.S. University of New Brunswick, 1999 May 2008 Acknowledgments This project came to fruition because of the confidence my advisor, Sammy King, had that this project could be a success and in his ability to secure the necessary funding for it to become a reality. His advice both professionally and personally was indispensible. Dr. Chris Carlton, Dr. Phil Stouffer, and Dr. Jing Wang were my committee members and provided critical advice in all stages of this project. Dr. Michael Kaller helped tirelessly with the many statistical aspects of my analyses. This project could not have been completed without the invaluable field assistance, expertise, and creativity of Nathan Banfield who helped design and implement methodology for hanging Sante traps and target mist nets in the canopy. As well, he was instrumental in the capture of most of the woodpeckers by doing whatever it took, including raising an extendable pole from a deer stand that was 20 feet up in a nearby tree. Other field assistants along the way included Ehren Banfield, Will DeGraveilles, Amy Magro, and Jennifer Yurich who helped with many aspects of the project. Rachel Villani and Mark McConnell helped sort and identify beetle specimens in the lab. The Louisiana State Arthropod Museum staff and lab group provided identification expertise with difficult specimens and included Victoria Bayless, Chris Carlton, Michael Ferro, Matt Gimmel, Stephanie Gil, Igor Sokolov, Alexey Tishechkin, and Jong-Seok Park. Funding was provided by Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit. The Red River/Three Rivers WMA, Big Lake WMA, and Bayou Cocodrie NWR provided access to lands, housing, and forest management information. Red River/Three Rivers WMA staff, Johny Warren, Ryan LeMoine, and Duck Loccacio, were ii particularly helpful during my stay at their WMA. Michael Warriner aided with Sante trap study design. Eric Baka, Evelyn Bull, Catherine Raley, and Rochelle Renken were very generous with their methodology for transmitter application, nest searching, and capture strategies. Scientists at the Wetland Center in Lafayette, particularly Bob Keeland, Paul Chadwick, and Larry Allain provided assistance with the woodpecker component of the project. Cheryl Duplechain was instrumental in all logistical concerns involving budget and travel and my lab-mates Hugo Gee, Jackie Kang, Jonathon Valente, Brad Pickens, and Rachel Villani provided support and advice throughout. I also greatly thank Sean Hribal for all his encouragement and patience and my parents David and Jean Newell for supporting me in everything I do. I appreciate all the help I have had in the past two years. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. ii Abstract ................................................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2: Relative Abundance and Species Richness of Saproxylic Beetles in Partial Cut and Uncut Bottomland Hardwood Forests .............................................................................. 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4 Study Area ........................................................................................................................... 6 Methods ............................................................................................................................... 8 Study Design ................................................................................................................... 8 Vegetation Sampling ..................................................................................................... 12 Statistical Analyses ....................................................................................................... 12 Harvest Wounds ............................................................................................................ 16 Results ............................................................................................................................... 16 Study Areas ................................................................................................................... 16 Covariables ................................................................................................................... 18 Saproxylic Beetles ........................................................................................................ 18 Cerambycidae ............................................................................................................... 20 Non-Cerambycidae ....................................................................................................... 27 Individual Species of Cerambycidae and Non-Cerambycidae ..................................... 32 Harvest Wounds ............................................................................................................ 36 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 36 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 3: Nest and Roost Tree and Site Selection of Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) in Partial Cut and Uncut Bottomland Hardwood Forests ...................................... 46 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 46 Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 47 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 48 Study Design ................................................................................................................. 48 Vegetation Plots ............................................................................................................ 50 Selection of Tree Characteristics .................................................................................. 51 Selection of Site Characteristics ................................................................................... 52 iv Results................................................................................................................................53 Selection of Tree Characteristics .................................................................................. 53 Selection of Site characteristics .................................................................................... 57 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 58 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................. 61 Chapter 4: Foraging Ecology of Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) in Partial Cut and Uncut Bottomland Hardwood Forests ............................................................................ 64 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 64 Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 66 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 66 Capture .......................................................................................................................... 66
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