Southern Alliance of Climate Friendly Communities Contents

Southern Alliance of Climate Friendly Communities Contents Forewords 3 In Focus A Brief History of China’s South-South Cooperation on Climate Change 4 Workshop for Climate Friendly Communities 6 Global Overview on Climate Change Bangladesh 7 Ecuador 12 Guinea 17 Jamaica 20 Mongolia 24 Seychelles 29 Sri Lanka 33 Tanzania 39 Zimbabwe 43 In Focus China’s Urban Climate Change Resilience: Sponge Cities for Flood Prevention and Mitigation 46 Sharing Project Experience China- Zambia-UNDP Trilateral Cooperation on Renewable Energy 49 Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR) in China 50 The China Sustainable Cities Report: Measuring Ecological and Human Development 51 Barrier Removal to the Cost-Effective Development and Implementation of Energy Efficiency 52 Harnessing Big Data for Human Development 53 Sector Plan For Phase-Out Of Hcfcs In The Icr Sector In China Stage 54 Environmentally Sound Management Throughout the Life Cycle of Electronic Equipment and Associated Wastes 55 The Defining Challenge of Our As the world’s largest developing country and the world’s second largest economy, Time China is an important partner for countries From devastating flash floods to severe that wish to scale up the use of renewable droughts, climate change is upon us. It is energy, develop technical capacities, and being felt across the globe, and its impacts exchange experience on supportive policy strike a blow to human and social develop- development. Partnership with China can ment - often hitting the poorest and most help countries in the global south meet en- poverty-stricken populations on earth. ergy needs with technology. In fact, China has promoted development of renewable Throughout this catalogue you can read energy technologies and has made import- how changes in climate impacts the wellbe- ant contributions its global deployment ing of people and their ability to make a liv- through south-south cooperation. ing – an impact felt by hundreds of millions of people. For example, in Guinea rainfall We hope the Alliance will provide a useful has decreased by more than 30% causing platform for countries to engage, to learn rivers to dry up, drainage of soils, destruc- and to leverage the momentum of cooper- tion of vegetation, decline in agricultural ation and joint action against the defining production, and increase in waterborne dis- challenge of our time. eases. In Zimbabwe, rising temperatures have increased variability in frequency and intensity of rainfall and extreme weath- er events, such as tropical cyclones and droughts threatening food production, liveli- hoods, and availability of water. In Tanzania, Agi Veres 70% of all natural disasters are climate change related and linked to recurrent Country Director, UNDP China droughts and floods. Average annual air temperature in Mongolia has increased by 2.1C over 70 years - three times the global average. In that same time glacial cover- age has decreased by 30% causing fragility to eco-systems. Climate change is the “the defining challenge” of our time. It is our responsibility to address this challenge as climate change unchecked will hinder sustainable development. Yet, many solutions exist at community level that need to be scaled up and replicated - elevated to the national level and shared with other countries. A range of support mechanisms exist that take ideas from good to great solutions, these however, must be demand driven. UNDP’s primary role is to match community demand with supply options of experiences, technologies and partnerships is. This is why we are es- tablishing an Alliance for Climate Friendly Communities – to learn from each other and share ideas and solutions; to contrib- ute to meeting energy needs of developing countries through clean and efficient energy technologies. I 3 A Brief History of China’s The first official reference to China’s CCSSC can be found in ‘China’s African Policy’ pub- South-South Cooperation on lished in 2006, which states that ‘China will Climate Change actively promote China-Africa cooperation in climate change…by facilitating techno- Introduction logical exchanges’. It states also that China will ‘further speed up scientific and techno- The increasing role of South-South coop- logical cooperation in the fields of common eration in international cooperation is now interest, such as bio-agriculture and solar widely recognized as an important com- energy utilization’[3] plement to North-South cooperation. This year, to mark the United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon stated that “South- South Cooperation can play a key role in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sus- tainable Development”. South-south cooperation is defined by the United Nations Office for South-south cooperation as “…a broad framework for collaboration among developing countries in political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and technical domains, through which developing countries share knowledge, skills, expertise and resources to meet their development [1] goals through concerted efforts”. Climate The first white paper on ‘China’s Policies change has become a focal area for south- and Actions for Addressing Climate Change’ south cooperation, both in terms of sup- published in 2008 states that China has ‘all port in the global climate change negotia- along’ helped African countries and small tions under the UNFCCC framework. island developing States ‘to improve their ability to cope with climate change’ and China’s policies on climate change that ‘China’s African Policy makes it clear south-south cooperation that China will actively promote China-Africa [4] As it becomes increasingly engaged in cooperation on climate change’ . global development debates, China has In 2009, China announced eight new as- also increased its attention to South-South sistance measures under the Forum on cooperation. By the end of 2012, China China-Africa Cooperation[5], which included provided a total of CNY 345.63 billion for [6] [2] assistance for climate change and stated aid in 161 countries. This makes China that ‘China has increasingly deepened its the largest foreign aid provider among de- practical cooperation with other developing veloping countries to date. China’s climate countries in various fields, including the change south-south cooperation (CCSSC) field of climate change’ and will continue is part of China’s foreign aid. From 2005 doing so[7]. to 2010 China undertook 115 CCSSC projects with a total value of USD 180 million (CNY 1.17 billion). 4 In 2011, China’s first white paper on for- In 2014, China’s South-South Cooperation eign aid was released, introducing climate Climate Fund was officially launched by Chi- change as a new area of Chinese foreign na’s then chief climate change negotiator aid in recent years. However, according to and Vice-Chairman of National Develop- a leading foreign aid expert of MOFCOM’s ment and Reform Commission (NDRC), Chinese Academy of International Trade Xie Zhenhua during the United Nations and Economic Cooperation, MOFCOM has Climate Change Conference in Lima on 8 been engaged in CCSSC since the 1980s December 2014 at the first South-South through biogas projects in Africa and Asia Cooperation on Climate Change Forum. (CAITEC 2015). Later, in a joint statement with the United States’ President Barack Obama, President Xi Jinping announced on 25 September 2015 that China will offer USD 3.1 billion to the fund, a significant increase in China’s CCSSC budget. NDRC and partners will host the 2nd South-South Cooperation on Climate Change Forum (SSCCC Forum) at COP21 December 6. 5 tries. A number of technology specific proposals have been prepared by each country who will present the development challenge The alliance for Climate and the proposed intervention to test solu- friendly communities tions. The following countries have con- firmed participation and are invited to pres- In April 2016 the Executive Office of the ent proposals to access equipment support Secretary General launched the Southern from China. Bangladesh, Ecuador, Guinea, Climate Partnership Incubator (SCPI) to Jamaica, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, support the SDGs. One of the incubator’s Tanzania, and Zimbabwe are among the main purposes is to raise resources for participating countries. South-South Cooperation and Trilater- al Cooperation, with climate change is a As part of the planned efforts, the work- cross-cutting issue. Key focus areas for shop is arranged to kick-off the Alliance in new pilot projects include: i) climate resil- Beijing and to bridge interests of potential ience; ii) renewable energy; iii) smart cit- cross-country partnership. ies; and iv) big data. The Southern Climate The alliance for climate friendly communi- Partnership Incubator is jointly managed by ties faciliates: the EOSG and UNOSSC in cooperation with key UN agencies including UNDP. • Discussion of trends and SSC approaches to climate change mitigation In support of the Southern Climate Partner- and adaptation in the post 2030 Sus- ship Incubator, UNDP China is organising tainable Development Agenda, with a series of events including the Southern special attention to the needs and Alliance of Climate Friendly Communities demands of developing countries and workshop. communities The main purpose of the alliance is to bring • Deepening of knowledge of modalities together potential south-south cooperation for SSC, such as trilateral coopera- partners to learn good practice approaches tion and matching

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