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Helicobacter Pylori's Historical Journey Through Siberia and the Americas
Helicobacter pylori’s historical journey through Siberia and the Americas Yoshan Moodleya,1,2, Andrea Brunellib,1, Silvia Ghirottoc,1, Andrey Klyubind, Ayas S. Maadye, William Tynef, Zilia Y. Muñoz-Ramirezg, Zhemin Zhouf, Andrea Manicah, Bodo Linzi, and Mark Achtmanf aDepartment of Zoology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, Republic of South Africa; bDepartment of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; cDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; dDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Institute for Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; eDepartment of Diagnostic and Operative Endoscopy, Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, 105203 Moscow, Russia; fWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; gLaboratorio de Bioinformática y Biotecnología Genómica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico; hDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; and iDepartment of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Edited by Daniel Falush, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom, and accepted by Editorial Board Member W. F. Doolittle April 30, 2021 (received for review July 22, 2020) The gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori shares a coevolutionary speakers). However, H. pylori’s presence, diversity, and structure history with humans that predates the out-of-Africa diaspora, and in northern Eurasia are still unknown. This vast region, hereafter the geographical specificities of H. pylori populations reflect mul- Siberia, extends from the Ural Mountains in the west to the tiple well-known human migrations. We extensively sampled H. -
Mapping Russian Census 2002
CENSUS ATLAS OF RUSSIA: FERTILITY An NCEEER Working Paper by Timothy Heleniak American Geographical Society National Council for Eurasian and East European Research 1828 L Street NW Suite 1200 Washington, DC 20036 [email protected] http://www.nceeer.org/ TITLE VIII PROGRAM Project Information* Principal Investigator: Timothy Heleniak NCEEER Contract Number: 828-06 Date: August 29, 2014 Copyright Information Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded through a contract or grant from the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research (NCEEER). However, the NCEEER and the United States Government have the right to duplicate and disseminate, in written and electronic form, reports submitted to NCEEER to fulfill Contract or Grant Agreements either (a) for NCEEER’s own internal use, or (b) for use by the United States Government, and as follows: (1) for further dissemination to domestic, international, and foreign governments, entities and/or individuals to serve official United States Government purposes or (2) for dissemination in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United States Government granting the public access to documents held by the United States Government. Neither NCEEER nor the United States Government nor any recipient of this Report may use it for commercial sale. * The work leading to this report was supported in part by contract or grant funds provided by the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, funds which were made available by the U.S. Department of State under Title VIII (The Soviet-East European Research and Training Act of 1983, as amended). -
Climate Change and Human Mobility in Indigenous Communities of the Russian North
Climate Change and Human Mobility in Indigenous Communities of the Russian North January 30, 2013 Susan A. Crate George Mason University Cover image: Winifried K. Dallmann, Norwegian Polar Institute. http://www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/about/maps. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ ii 1. Introduction and Purpose ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Focus of paper and author’s approach................................................................................... 2 1.2 Human mobility in the Russian North: Physical and Cultural Forces .................................. 3 1.2.1 Mobility as the Historical Rule in the Circumpolar North ............................................. 3 1.2.2. Changing the Rules: Mobility and Migration in the Russian and Soviet North ............ 4 1.2.3 Peoples of the Russian North .......................................................................................... 7 1.2.4 The contemporary state: changes affecting livelihoods ................................................. 8 2. Overview of the physical science: actual and potential effects of climate change in the Russian North .............................................................................................................................................. -
Second Report Submitted by the Russian Federation Pursuant to The
ACFC/SR/II(2005)003 SECOND REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 2 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (Received on 26 April 2005) MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVISIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES Report of the Russian Federation on the progress of the second cycle of monitoring in accordance with Article 25 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities MOSCOW, 2005 2 Table of contents PREAMBLE ..............................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................4 2. The legislation of the Russian Federation for the protection of national minorities rights5 3. Major lines of implementation of the law of the Russian Federation and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities .............................................................15 3.1. National territorial subdivisions...................................................................................15 3.2 Public associations – national cultural autonomies and national public organizations17 3.3 National minorities in the system of federal government............................................18 3.4 Development of Ethnic Communities’ National -
Ancient Fennoscandian Genomes Reveal Origin and Spread of Siberian Ancestry in Europe
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07483-5 OPEN Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe Thiseas C. Lamnidis1, Kerttu Majander1,2,3, Choongwon Jeong1,4, Elina Salmela 1,3, Anna Wessman5, Vyacheslav Moiseyev6, Valery Khartanovich6, Oleg Balanovsky7,8,9, Matthias Ongyerth10, Antje Weihmann10, Antti Sajantila11, Janet Kelso 10, Svante Pääbo10, Päivi Onkamo3,12, Wolfgang Haak1, Johannes Krause 1 & Stephan Schiffels 1 1234567890():,; European population history has been shaped by migrations of people, and their subsequent admixture. Recently, ancient DNA has brought new insights into European migration events linked to the advent of agriculture, and possibly to the spread of Indo-European languages. However, little is known about the ancient population history of north-eastern Europe, in particular about populations speaking Uralic languages, such as Finns and Saami. Here we analyse ancient genomic data from 11 individuals from Finland and north-western Russia. We show that the genetic makeup of northern Europe was shaped by migrations from Siberia that began at least 3500 years ago. This Siberian ancestry was subsequently admixed into many modern populations in the region, particularly into populations speaking Uralic languages today. Additionally, we show that ancestors of modern Saami inhabited a larger territory during the Iron Age, which adds to the historical and linguistic information about the population history of Finland. 1 Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany. 2 Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. 3 Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PL 56 (Viikinkaari 9), 00014 Helsinki, Finland. -
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Sheet1 Geographical Region Geographical Sub-Regions Primary Language Family Arctic/Siberia/Central Asia Eastern Siberia and Greenland Turkic Chukchi–Kamchatkan Eskimo–Aleut Nivkh Tungusic South-Central Siberia Mongolic Turkic Central Asia Indo-European Turkic Central/Western Siberia Uralic Uralic Yeniseian Southeast and East Asia East Asia Japonic Koreanic Tungusic Sino-Tibetan Hmong-Mien Mongolic Mainland Southeast Asia Tai-Kadai Austroasiatic Sino-Tibetan Americas Andes and Gran Chaco Arawak Matacoan Quechuan Mesoamerica Mayan Mixe–Zoque Oto-Manguean North America Athabascan Uto-Aztecan Amazon Tupian Arawak Australasia/Oceania/Isl and Southeast Asia Australia Australian Languages * Island Southeast Asia Austronesian Papua New Guinea Papuan Languages * Bougainville Languages * Polynesia Austronesian South Asia Nepal Indo-European Kusunda Page 1 Sheet1 Pakistan Indo-European Dravidian Burushaski - India and Bangladesh Dravidian Indo-European Austroasiatic Africa Central Africa - East Africa Afro-Asiatic Nilo-Saharan Niger-Congo North Africa Afro-Asiatic West Africa Niger-Congo Niger-Congo - South Africa Niger-Congo Khoe/Kx'a Europe Volga/Ural Uralic Turkic Northeast Europe Uralic Indo-European Eastern Europe Indo-European Uralic Southern Europe Indo-European Western Europe Indo-European Basque Western Asia South Caucasus and Turkey Kartvelian Indo-European Northeast Caucasian Turkic Iran Indo-European North Caucasus Northwest Caucasian Turkic Northeast Caucasian Indo-European Arabian Peninsula, the Levant and Mesopotamia Afro-Asiatic -
Indigenous Peoples in the Russian Federation
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Johannes Rohr Report 18 IWGIA – 2014 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Copyright: IWGIA Author: Johannes Rohr Editor: Diana Vinding and Kathrin Wessendorf Proofreading: Elaine Bolton Cover design and layout: Jorge Monrás Cover photo: Sakhalin: Indigenous ceremony opposite to oil facilities. Photographer: Wolfgang Blümel Prepress and print: Electronic copy only Hurridocs Cip data Title: IWGIA Report 18: Indigenous Peoples in the Russian Federation Author: Johannes Rohr Editor: Diana Vinding and Kathrin Wessendorf Number of pages: 69 ISBN: 978-87-92786-49-4 Language: English Index: 1. Indigenous peoples – 2. Human rights Geographical area: Russian Federation Date of publication: 2014 INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Classensgade 11 E, DK 2100 - Copenhagen, Denmark Tel: (45) 35 27 05 00 - Fax: (45) 35 27 05 07 E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.iwgia.org This report has been prepared and published with the financial support of the Foreign Ministry of Denmark through its Neighbourhood programme. CONTENTS Introduction................................................................................................................................................................. 8 1 The indigenous peoples of the north ................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Matters of definition ......................................................................................................................................... -
Paja Ul Deˀŋ
17 CAES Vol. 6, № 2 (June 2020) Paja ul deˀŋ Alexander Akulov independent scholar; Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Paja ul deˀŋ [padʒaul’deˀŋ] “People of big water” is a conventional name of Neolithic inhabitants of the territories of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad oblast in their hypothetical reconstructed language. In order to be able to speak about a certain ethnicity, it is necessary that this ethnicity would have a convenient designation. It is possible to state that these people spoke a Yenisseian language since upon the territory of East European plain there are some Yeniseian hydronyms. Also in the Sami language there are some words of Yeniseian origin. When an ethnicity known only by archaeological data acquires currently existing and well-described relatives – it is a remarkable fact. It is possible to reconstruct the worldview of Paja ul deˀŋ on the base of related cultures. Keywords: Paja ul deˀŋ; Neolithic period; Yeniseian languages; Pit-Comb ware Paja ul deˀŋ [padʒaul’deˀŋ] “People of big water” is a conventional name of Neolithic inhabitants of the territories of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad oblast in their hypothetical reconstructed language1. It is possible to state that these people spoke a Yenisseian language since upon the territory of East European plain there are some hydronyms of Yeniseian origin. For instance, in the basin of the Oka there are some creeks which names end with -ul/-ur: Chistur, Dandur, Mokshur, Nasmur, Ninur, Pynsur, Shershul (see fig 2 – 7). These hydronyms look like Yeniseian hydronyms existing in Siberia (for instance: Agul, Langur see fig. -
Genomic Study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-Related Ethnic Group with Significant Ancient North Eurasian Ancestry
Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry Pavel Flegontov1,2,3*, Piya Changmai1,§, Anastassiya Zidkova1,§, Maria D. Logacheva2,4, Olga Flegontova3, Mikhail S. Gelfand2,4, Evgeny S. Gerasimov2,4, Ekaterina E. Khrameeva5,2, Olga P. Konovalova4, Tatiana Neretina4, Yuri V. Nikolsky6,11, George Starostin7,8, Vita V. Stepanova5,2, Igor V. Travinsky#, Martin Tříska9, Petr Tříska10, Tatiana V. Tatarinova2,9,12* 1 Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic 2 A.A.Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation 3 Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic 4 Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation 5 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation 6 Biomedical Cluster, Skolkovo Foundation, Skolkovo, Russian Federation 7 Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation 8 Russian Presidential Academy (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation 9 Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 10 Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal 11 George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA 12 Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA *corresponding authors: P.F., email [email protected]; T.V.T., email [email protected] § the authors contributed equally # retired, former affiliation: Central Siberian National Nature Reserve, Bor, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation. Abstract The Kets, an ethnic group in the Yenisei River basin, Russia, are considered the last nomadic hunter-gatherers of Siberia, and Ket language has no transparent affiliation with any language family. -
Fantastic Beasts of the Eurasian Steppes: Toward a Revisionist Approach to Animal-Style Art
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2018 Fantastic Beasts Of The Eurasian Steppes: Toward A Revisionist Approach To Animal-Style Art Petya Andreeva University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian Studies Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Andreeva, Petya, "Fantastic Beasts Of The Eurasian Steppes: Toward A Revisionist Approach To Animal- Style Art" (2018). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2963. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2963 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2963 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fantastic Beasts Of The Eurasian Steppes: Toward A Revisionist Approach To Animal-Style Art Abstract Animal style is a centuries-old approach to decoration characteristic of the various cultures which flourished along the urE asian steppe belt in the later half of the first millennium BCE. This astv territory stretching from the Mongolian Plateau to the Hungarian Plain, has yielded hundreds of archaeological finds associated with the early Iron Age. Among these discoveries, high-end metalwork, textiles and tomb furniture, intricately embellished with idiosyncratic zoomorphic motifs, stand out as a recurrent element. While scholarship has labeled animal-style imagery as scenes of combat, this dissertation argues against this overly simplified classification model which ignores the variety of visual tools employed in the abstraction of fantastic hybrids. I identify five primary categories in the arrangement and portrayal of zoomorphic designs: these traits, frequently occurring in clusters, constitute the first comprehensive definition of animal-style art. -
Power of Myth : Popular Ethnonationalism and Nationality Building in Mountain Altai, 1904-1922
Title Power of Myth : Popular Ethnonationalism and Nationality Building in Mountain Altai, 1904-1922 Author(s) Znamenski, Andrei Citation Acta Slavica Iaponica, 22, 25-52 Issue Date 2005 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/39440 Type bulletin (article) File Information ASI22_002.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP ANDREIA ZCTANAMENSKI SLAVICA IAPONICA, TOMUS 22, PP. 25-52 POWER OF MYTH: POPULAR ETHNONATIONALISM AND NATIONALITY BUILDING IN MOUNTAIN ALTAI, 1904-19221904-1922* ANDREI ZNAMENSKI On June 5, 1904, tsar Nicholas II read a cable sent by the Russian Tele- graph Agency that reported that in the Altai, a remote area in southwestern Siberia on the border with China and Mongolia, a group of nomads known to the Russians as the “Kalmyks”1 did not want to obey orders of local authorities to quit gathering in large groups and claimed that soon they would have their own tsar “Oirot-Japon.” Viewed throughout the entire nineteenth century as strategically insignificant, the Altai was the least protected section of the Rus- sian oriental domain.2 Considering this and especially the expanding war with Japan, the “arrogant” behavior of the nomads made officials nervous. The In- terior Minister N.V. Pleve instructed Konstantin Starinkevich, a Tomsk gover- nor, who supervised the Altai area, to “provide more details about the situa- tion and adopt the most radical measures to eliminate the troubles if they ex- ist.”3 The authorities felt relieved when Starinkevich reported that the whole incident was just a religious gathering of Altaian natives who suddenly “went crazy” expecting a messiah, chief (khan) Oirot, who was to return ancient pros- perous life. -
European Admixture in Chinchorro DNA Robert Smith
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/132555; this version posted May 1, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. European admixture in Chinchorro DNA Robert Smith Abstract It is widely held that, except for migrations from Beringia or Siberia, there was no contact between the Old World and the New World prior to the colonization of North America by the Norse in the late 10th century AD. Analyses of 23 ancient American DNA samples reveal, however, the presence of European admixture in a sample taken from a Chinchorro mummy of northern Chile dated to 3972–3806 BC. This discovery implies a more complex history of the peopling of the Americas than previously accepted. Introduction Mainstream accounts of the peopling of the Americas stipulate that there was a large migration of people from Beringia during the late Pleistocene, and that modern Amerindians derive most of their ancestry from these migrants. It is commonly believed that these migrants were the originators of the Clovis material culture, and it was long asserted that the appearance of these migrants south of Beringia did not predate the earliest datings of Clovis artifacts, around 13,200 years ago. The accumulation of evidence for earlier American settlements has forced mainstream scholars to abandon the latter position, however. Mainstream accounts also acknowledge two later migrations from Siberia, responsible for bringing speakers of Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut languages to the Americas.