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Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance Assessment of Indonesia

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Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance Assessment of Indonesia View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SOAS Research Online DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIA FINAL REPORT MAY 2013 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech ARD. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech ARD, through Task Order 002 under the Analytical Services III Indefinite Quantity Contract. Team: • Yemile Mizrahi, Ph.D., Assessment Team Leader and Principal Author, Tetra Tech ARD • R. William Liddle, Ph.D., Senior Governance Expert, Consultant to Tetra Tech ARD • Sugianto Tandra, Local Governance Expert, Consultant to Tetra Tech • April Hahn, USAID/Washington • Christina Li, State Department’s Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor • Miranda Jolicoeur, USAID/Indonesia • Ining Nurani, USAID/Indonesia • Nurhayati, Logistics Coordinator, Consultant to Tetra Tech ARD This report was prepared by: Tetra Tech ARD 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401 USA Telephone: (802) 658-3890 Fax: (802) 658-4247 Tetra Tech ARD Contact: Kathy Stermer, Analytical Services III IQC Senior Project Manager Tel: (802) 658-3890 ext. 2272 Email: [email protected] DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIA FINAL REPORT MAY 2013 DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................... II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................... IV 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 2.0 STEP ONE: DEFINING THE DRG PROBLEM ................................................... 2 2.1 CONTEXTUAL FACTORS ..................................................................................................... 2 2.2 FIVE KEY ELEMENTS OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND GOVERNANCE .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.1 Consensus........................................................................................................................ 3 2.2.2 Rule of Law ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3 Competition and Political Accountability ................................................................ 8 2.2.4 Inclusion ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.5 Government Effectiveness ......................................................................................... 13 2.3 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 16 3.0 STEP TWO: ANALYZING KEY ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONS ........................ 17 3.1 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 17 3.2 KEY ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONS ................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 The Executive ............................................................................................................... 18 3.2.2 The Security Services .................................................................................................. 21 3.2.3 The Legislature ............................................................................................................. 22 3.2.4 The Judiciary and Legal Professionals ..................................................................... 26 3.2.5 Local Government ....................................................................................................... 31 3.2.6 Political Parties and Electoral Institutions ............................................................. 34 3.2.7 Civil Society ................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.8 Media ............................................................................................................................... 37 3.2.9 Private Sector Business Interests............................................................................. 38 3.2.10 Other Non-State Actors ........................................................................................... 39 3.3 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................... 40 4.0 STEP THREE: USAID INTERESTS AND U.S. GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES ......... 41 4.1 U.S. FOREIGN POLICY AND BROADER USAID DEVELOPMENT INTERESTS .. 41 4.2 USAID’S CURRENT DRG PROGRAM ............................................................................... 42 4.3 USAID’S RESOURCES ............................................................................................................. 42 4.4 DONOR COORDINATION ................................................................................................ 43 4.5 PRACTICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE RECIPIENT SIDE ........................................... 43 5.0 STEP 4: OUTLINING THE PROPOSED STRATEGY ....................................... 45 5.1 STRATEGIC GUIDELINES ..................................................................................................... 45 5.2 STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS: OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS ........................ 45 5.3 DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS ............................................................................................ 47 5.3.1 Results Narrative ......................................................................................................... 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 54 ANNEX 1. SUMMARY OF PEOPLE INTERVIEWED ................................................. 59 ANNEX 2. SUMMARY OF USAID/DRG PROGRAMS .............................................. 60 ANNEX 3. OTHER USAID AND U.S. GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS ........................... 61 ANNEX 4. RESULTS FRAMEWORK ..................................................................... 62 ANNEX 5. PEER REVIEW OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIA ................................................................... 65 DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIA i ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AGO Attorney General’s Office APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APINDO Employers’ Association of Indonesia ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations AusAID Australian Agency for International Development BAPPENAS National Development Planning Agency BPK State Audit Agency BPS Central Bureau of Statistics CBO Community-Based Organization CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIVETS Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa COSO Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission CSO Civil Society Organization DAC Development Assistance Committee DAK Special Purpose Grants DPD Regional Representative Council DPR House of Representatives DRG Democracy, Human Rights and Governance DRL State Department’s Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor EU European Union FPI Islamic Defenders Front GAM Acehnese Freedom Movement GDP Gross Domestic Product GIZ German International Cooperation Agency GOI Government of Indonesia HDI Human Development Index ICW Indonesian Corruption Watch IKAHI Indonesian Judges’ Association IR Intermediate Result JI Islamic Community JPIP Jawa Pos Institute of Pro-Otonomi KADIN National Chamber of Commerce and Industry KPK Corruption Eradication Commission KPU National Election Commission LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender LSI Indonesian Survey Institute M&E Monitoring and Evaluation ii DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIA MOHA Ministry of Home Affairs MP Member of Parliament MPR People’s Consultative Assembly NGO Non-governmental Organization OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OPM Papuan Freedom Movement PAN National Mandate Party PDIP Indonesian Democracy Party of Struggle (formerly PDI) PKB People’s Awakening Party PKS Prosperous Justice Party PMP Performance Monitoring Plan PPP United Development Party UKP4 Presidential Working Unit for Supervision and Management of Development UN United Nations UNDP UN Development Program USAID United States Agency for International Development DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIA iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fourteen years after President Suharto’s 32-year autocratic rule abruptly came to an end in May 1998, Indonesia has emerged as a stable and peaceful democracy and a regional economic powerhouse. Indonesia’s economy is today ranked as the 16th largest in the world and projected to be in the top 7 by 2030. The country is a strategic ally of the United States: it has extensive forest and natural resources that are critical to achieving global environmental and climate mitigation objectives; it also controls a large percentage of world trade transits, including the strategically important sea lanes that link the Middle East with East Asia. At the regional level, Indonesia
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