LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Color Plates

1a. Installation view with tent panels. TIe Legacy if Genghis Khan, Los Angeles County Museum of , 2003 (exhibition designer Bernard Kester; photo © 2003 LAC MAl Museum Associ• ates) 1b. Tent panels (detail), eastern Iran or western Central Asia, late 13th-early 14th century. Lampas weave (tabby and twill), red and purple silk, gilded strips. Museum of , Doha (TE.40.00) (photo © 2003 LACMA/Museum Associates) 2a-c. Set of belt fittings (details), Golden Horde (Southern Russia) and China, 13th century. Gold sheet, engraved, stamped, chased, and punched, worked in repousse. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (KUB-705-72l) 3. Set of belt fittings, Mongol Empire, 13th century. Silver gilt. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (ZO-762) 4. Reconstruction of Genghis Khan's palace (drawing by N. Shiraishi) 5. Takht-i Sulayman, view from southwest into the destroyed Ilkhanid north lwiin with the stairs leading to the throne hall atop the Sasanian temple (photo D. Huff) 6. Takht-i Sulayman, glazed frieze tile with dragon in lajvard• ina from the Ilkhanid palace. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin• PreuBischer Kulturbesitz, Museum fur Islamische Kunst, Berlin (photo D. Huff) 7. Enthronement Scene, illustration from the Diez Albums, Iran (possibly Tabriz), early 14th century. Ink, colors, and gold on paper. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin-PreuBischer Kulturbesitz, Orientabteilung (Diez A, fol. 70, S. 22) 8. Tzmiir Granting an Audience in Balkh on the Occasion if His Acces• sion to Power in April 1370, from a Zqfamiima of Sharaf aI-DIn 'All YazdI copied by Shlr 'All for Sultan-I:Iusayn MIrza. Iran, Herat, dated 87211467-68; paintings executed c. 1480. Opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper. Baltimore,Johns Hopkins University, Milton S. Eisenhower Library,John Work Garrett Collection, fol. 82b

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9. Illuminated page from a copy of RashId aI-DIn's theological works entitled Majmila al-rashtdiyya, copied by Mul).ammad ibn Mal).mud ibn Mul).ammad, known as Amin Zudniwis al• BaghdadI, at Tabriz between Sha'ban and Rama<;lan 7111 December 131 I-February 1312. Museum ofIslamic Art, Qatar (MA.006.98CH) 10. Nilshirwiin Writing to the Khiiqiin if China, from the Great Mongol Shiihniima. Iran, probably Tabriz, 1330s. Ink, colors, and gold on paper. The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin (Per. Ill. 7) 11. One leaf of double frontispiece, Rasii'il Ikhwiin al-$qfii', Baghdad, Shawwa1686/November 1287. Stileymaniye Mosque Library, Istanbul (Esad Efendi 3638, fo1. 4r). After Ettinghausen (1962), 98 12. One leaf of double frontispiece, Rasii'illkhwiin al-$qfii', Baghdad, Shawwal 686/N ovember 1287. Stileymaniye Mosque Library, Istanbul (Esad Efendi 3638, fo1. 3v). After Ettinghausen (1962), 99 13. Double frontispiece, Ta'fikh-ijahiin-gushii)! of 'Ala' aI-DIn 'Ata Malik Juwaynl, probably (Baghdad), dated 4 Dhu al• l).ijja 689/8 December 1290. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris (supp1. persan 205, fols. 1v-2r) 14. Frontispiece, Tmjama-yi ta'fikh-i Tabafi of Bal'aml, attributed to the Jazira (Iraq), possibly Mosul, c. 1300. Freer Gallery of Art, , Washington, D.C. (Purchase, F1957.l6, fo1. la) 15. Frontispiece, Kallla wa Dimna of Abu al-Ma'all Na~rallah, attributed to Iran, c. 1300. Topkapl Palace Museum Library, Istanbul (H. 363, fols. 1b-2a) 16. Frontispiece, Kallla wa Dimna of Abu al-Ma'all Na~rallah, attributed to Iran (possibly Shiraz), dated 707/1307-8. By permission of The British Library, London (Or. 13506, fols. 2b-3a) 17. Frontispiece, Shiihniima of FirdawsI, attributed to Shiraz, dated Safar 7311November 1330. Topkapl Palace Museum Library, Istanbul (H. 1479, fols. 4b-5a) 18. Frontispiece, Shiihniima of FirdawsI, attributed to Shiraz, dated end of Rama<;lan 74l1mid-March 1341. Arthur M. Sack• ler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (Smith• sonian Unrestricted Trust Funds, Smithsonian Collections

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Acquisition Program, and Dr. Arthur M. Sadder, S 1986.112a• b, S 1986.113a-b, fo1s. 1b- 2a) [as reconstructed] 19. Text-frontispiece, Qur'an, n.d., copied for Fars Malik Khatun. The Nasser D. Kha1ili Collection ofIslamic Art, London (QUR 182, fo1s. 26b-27a) 20. 77ze D'iw Akwiin 77zrows Rustam into the Sea, Stephens Shiihniima, attributed to Shiraz, inscribed date of 753/1352-53. Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (Lent by Mr. and Mrs. Farhad Ebrahimi, L TS 1998.1.1. 2 and 1.1.3, fo1. 145v) (photo E. Wright) 21. Author's reconstruction of the pattern on a 14th-century silk 1ampas textile in the Cooper-Hewitt Museum, New York 22. Stucco, terracotta and tile on the interior of Oljeitti's mauso• leum at Sultaniyya, completed in 713/1313-14 (photo Blair and Bloom) 23. Headpiece with Christ Emmanuel and Chinese animals, from the Lectionary of Het'um II, 1286. Erevan, Matenadaran (M979, fo1. 293, detail) (photo Matenadaran) 24. Headpiece with dragon and phoenix motif (detail), from the Lectionary of Het'um II, 1286. Erevan, Matenadaran (M979, fo1. 334) (photo Matenadaran) 25. Silk textile with teardrop-shaped medallions of a phoenix amid douds, Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Plain weave with gilded animal substrate supplementary weft patterning. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (M.2005.127.1) (Museum Associates/ LACMA, Costume Council Fund; photo © 2005 Museum Associates/LACMA) 26. Albarello decorated in lajvardina technique (enamels and gild• ing over a blue glaze), 13th-14th century. H. 35.5 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, N ew York, Henry G. Leberthon Collection, Gift ofMr. and Mrs. A. Wallace Chauncey, 1957 (57.61.12a, b). Mter Komaroff and Carboni, eds. (2002), fig. 241. Reproduced by permission of The Metropolitan Museum of Art 27. Tile panel, Masjid-i 'All, Kashan, 1303-7 (photo B. O'Kane) 28. Scene with an Astrologer, illustration from the Diez Albums, Iran (possibly Tabriz), early 14th century. Ink, colors, and gold on paper. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin-PreuBischer Kulturbesitz, Orientabteilung (Diez A, fo1. 72, S. 16, no. 1)

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29a. Ilkhanid-period tile, fritware, overglaze luster-painted. Courtesy of the Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Wash• ington, D.C.: Purchase Fund, F1973.14 29b. Section heading for St. George, Bal'aml's Tiinkhniima. Courtesy of the Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Wash• ington, D.C.: Purchase Fund, F1957.16, fol. 10Sb 30. The Battle ifBadr, Bal'aml's Tiinkhniima. Courtesy of the Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.: Purchase Fund, F1957.16, fol. lS2a

Black and White Figures

1. Installation view. The Legary ifGenghis Khan, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2003 (exhibition designer Bernard Kester; photo © 2003 LACMA/Museum Associates) 2. Installation view. The Legary ifGenghis Khan, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2003 (exhibition designer Bernard Kester; photo © 2003 LACMA/Museum Associates) 3. Topographical map of Avraga site (drawing by N. Shiraishi) 4. Location of Avraga site (drawing by N. Shiraishi) 5. Column holes arrangement of building of Platform no. 1 (draw• ing by N. Shiraishi) 6. Aerial photograph of Platform no. 1 (photo N. Shiraishi) 7. Column hole of the tent of Genghis Khan (photo N. Shirai• shi) S. Fritware from Avraga (H. 7.6 cm) (photo N. Shiraishi) 9. Earthenware from Avraga (Diam. S.5 cm) (photo N. Shirai• shi) 10. Ta ting t'ung pao from Avraga (Diam. 2.5 cm) (photo N. Shi• raishi) 11. Takht-i Sulayman, view from the southeast. The breach in the defense wall on the left is the Ilkhanid gate; the Sasanian gate lies in the narrow curtain next to the right. Beyond the lake is the tall ruin of the west fwiin of the main palace. At the top left is the Zindan-i Sulayman (photo D. Hufl) 12. Takht-i Sulayman, aerial view from the south (photo G. Ger• steriD. Hufl) 13. Takht-i Sulayman/Sughurluq, plan of the site in the Ilkhanid period. A: 'kiosk' A; B: bazaar; C: small houses; D: four-fwiin

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('potter's house'); E: four-zwan house (PC/PD); 0: potter's refuse pit; IW: ruined inner wall of Sasanian sanctuary; OG: reused Sasanian house (drawing by D. Huff) 14. Takht-i Sulayman, Ilkhanid facade of the restored Sasanian west zwan (photo, expedition of the American Institute of Ira• nian Art and Archaeology, 1937) 15. Takht-i Sulayman, west zwan after collapse of the southern part of the facade (left) and ruin of the Ilkhanid north zwan with stairs to throne hall above a Sasanian fire temple (right) (photo D. Huff) 16. Takht-i Sulayman, glazed star-shaped wall tiles decorated with luster from the Ilkhanid palace. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin• PreuBischer Kulturbesitz, Museum fur Islamische Kunst, Berlin (photo D. Huff) 17. Takht-i Sulayman, hexagonal unglazed and underglaze-painted tile with phoenix from the Ilkhanid palace. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-PreuBischer Kulturbesitz, Museum fur Islamische Kunst, Berlin (photo D. Huff) 18. Takht-i Sulayman, stucco wall panel from the southern octagon of the Ilkhanid palace (reconstructed from fallen fragments by R. Naumann) (photo D. Huff) 19. Takht-i Sulayman, Ilkhanid buildings at the southwestern corner of the palace courtyard around the lake (photo D. Huff) 20. Takht-i Sulayman, impressions in the mortar bed that once anchored wall tiles in the northern octagon of the palace (photo D.Huff) 21. Takht-i Sulayman, decorated doorjamb of the four-column hall, west of the palace courtyard; in foreground, bronze cauldron from the pottery workshop area (room 0) (photo D. Huff) 22. Takht-i Sulayman, four-zwan house D, late or post-Ilkhanid mosaic decoration, cut from reused wall tiles of the Ilkhanid phase (photo D. Huff) 23. Folio from a manuscript of the Qur'an copied for Sultan Oljeitu under the auspices of RashId aI-DIn and his co-vizier. Iraq, Mosul, 706-11/1306-12. Ink, colors, and gold on paper, with five lines of mu/:taqqaq script to the page. The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin (Is. 1613.2, fo1. Iv) 24. One leaf of double frontispiece, Mukhtar al-/:tikam wa ma1;asin al-kalim of Abu al-Wafa' al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik, probably

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early 13th century. Topkapl Palace Museum Library, Istanbul (Ahmet III, 3206, fol. 1v) 25. One leaf of double frontispiece, Mukhtiir al-/:tikam wa ma/:tiisin al-kalim of Abu al-Wafa' al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik, probably early 13th century. Topkapl Palace Museum Library, Istanbul (Ahmet III, 3206, fol. 2r) 26. One leaf of double finispiece, Mukhtiir al-/:tikam wa ma/:tiisin al• kalim of Abu al-Wafa' al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik, probably early 13th century. Topkapl Palace Museum Library, Istanbul (Ahmet III, 3206, fol. l73v) 27. Detail from one leaf of double frontispiece, Ta'fikh-ijahiin-gushii)! of 'Ala' aI-DIn 'Ata MalikJuwaynI, probably Iraq (Baghdad), dated 4 Dhu al-l).ijja 689/8 December 1290. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris (supp1. persan 205, fo1. 1v) 28. Detail from one leaf of double frontispiece, Rasii'illkhwiin al• Sofii', Baghdad, Shawwal 686/N ovember 1287. Suleymaniye Mosque Library, Istanbul (Esad Efendi 3638, fo1. 3v). Mter Ettinghausen (1962), 101 29. Frontispiece, Hayulii 'iliif al-tibb ofDioscorides, dated 621/1224. Suleymaniye Mosque Library, Istanbul (Ayasofya 3703, fo1. 2r) 30. Frontispiece, Hayulii 'iliif al-tibb of Dioscorides, 13th century. Suleymaniye Mosque Library, Istanbul (Ayasofya 3704, fo1. 1v) 31. Frontispiece, Kalzla waDimna ofIbn al-Muqaffa', l220s. Biblio• theque Nationale, Paris (arabe 3465, fo1. 34r) 32. Frontispiece, Kitiib qawii'id al-a/:tkiimfi ma'rifat al-/:taliil wa al-/:tariim of al-I:IillI, probably early 14th century. 33. Frontispiece, Shiihniima of FirdawsI, attributed to Baghdad, c. 1300 or Shiraz, l330s. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (Purchase F1929.25a-b, fol. 1a) [as reconstructed] 34. Frontispiece, Shiihniima of FirdawsI, attributed to Shiraz, dated last day ofJumada I 733116 February 1333. National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg (Dorn 329, fols. 1b-2a) [reconstructed as fols. 4b-5a]. Mter Adamova and Giuzal'ian (1985), 42- 43 35. Frontispiece, Mu'nis al-a/:triir fi daqii'iq al-ash'iir of Mul).am• mad ibn Badr aI-DIn JajarmI, attributed to Isfahan, dated Rama<;lan 741 IFebruary-March 1341. Copyright Dar al-Athar

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al-Islamiyya, Kuwait National Museum, Kuwait City (LNS 9 MS, fols. 1b-2a) 36. Frontispiece, Stephens Shiihniima, attributed to Shiraz, inscribed date of 753/1352-53. Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithso• nian Institution, Washington, D.C. (Lent by Mr. and Mrs. Farhad Ebrahimi, LTS 1998.1.1.2 and 1.1.3, fols. 4b-5a) [as reconstructed] 37. Single-page shamsa frontispiece, Athiir al-biliid of QazwinI, 729/ 1329. By permission of The British Library, London (Or. 3623, fo1. 2a) 38. Text-frontispiece, Athiir al-biliid of QazwInI, 729/1329. By permission of The British Library, London (Or. 3623, fols. 2b-3a) 39. Single-page shamsa frontispiece, Jawiimi' al-/:tikii)!iit of Mul).am• mad 'Awfi, 732/1332. By permission of The British Library, London (Or. 2676, fo1. 4a) 40. Text-frontispiece, Ta'fikh-i Tabafi, 734/1334. By permission of The British Library, London (Add. 7622, fols. 1b-2a) 41. One half of a double-page frontispiece, Qur'an, 745-46/1344- 46, copied by Yal).ya al-JamalI aI-Sufi. Pars Museum, Shiraz (N o. 456, fo1. no. unknown) 42. Single-page frontispiece, Qur'an, n.d., copied for Fars Malik Khatun. The Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, London (QUR182, fo1. 26a) 43. Kay Khusraw Attacks Gang Dizh, Stephens Shiihniima, attributed to Shiraz, inscribed date of 753/1352-53. Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (Lent by Mr. and Mrs. Farhad Ebrahimi, LTS1998.1.1.2 and 1.1.3, fo1. 191 v) (photo E. Sims) 44. Rustam Entertained by Kay Khusraw, from the earliest Inju Shiihniima, 73111330-31. Istanbul, Topkapl Palace Museum Library (H. 1479, fo1. 89v) (photo Ernst]. Grube) 45. Inlaid brass pouring vessel, Iran, early 14th century (?). Present whereabouts unknown (photo E. Sims) 46. Rustam Shoots Iifandiyiir with the Forked Arrow, from the earliest Inju Shiihniima, 73111330-31. Istanbul, Topkapl Palace Museum Library (H. 1479, fo1. 156v) (photo Ernst]. Grube) 47. Rustam and Iifandiyiir Test Each Other, fo1. 191 r from the dispersed Shiihniima, Shiraz, 74111341. Buffalo, Albright-Knox Gallery, 35.15.2 (photo Ernst]. Grube)

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48. Bahram in the House if the Peasants, from the Great Mongol Shiihnama, Tabriz, probably between 1314 and 1336. Montreal, McGill University Library, on loan to the Montreal Museum of Fine (photo Ernst]. Grube) 49. Bahram in the House if the Peasants, fo1. 237r from the dispersed Shahnama, Shiraz, 74111341. Baltimore, Walters , 10.677 (photo Ernst]. Grube) 50. Inscription 'signed' by the calligrapher Baydar in the north '[wan of the court of the Congregational Mosque at Natanz, 70711307-8. Note how it must be read with one's back to the qibla (photo Blair and Bloom) 51. Detail of the plaster mi/:trab 'signed' by Baydar in the winter prayer hall of the Congregational Mosque at Isfahan, dated 'afar 710/July 1310 (photo Blair and Bloom) 52. Detail of the plaster vaults of the outer gallery at Oljeitti's Mausoleum at Sultaniyya, completed in 713/1313-14 (photo Blair and Bloom) 53. Vault over the tomb of'Abd al-Samad at Natanz, 70711307-8 (photo Blair and Bloom) 54. Complete tile mosaic on interior of Oljeitu's mausoleum at Sultaniyya, completed in 713/1313-14 (photo E. Sims) 55. Mi/:trab 'signed' by Basan b. 'All at Mahallat-i Bala in 736/ 1335-36 (photo Blair and Bloom) 56. Medium-sized tomb cover in the shape of a mi/:trab from Vera• min, dated 10 Mul).arram 705/3 August 1305. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (photo Blair and Bloom) 57. Luster tomb cover in the shape of a mi/:trab dated 71011310. Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon. Courtesy of the Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon 58. Archbishop John, brother of King Het'um, in ordination scene, from a book of the Gospels, 1289. Erevan, Matenada• ran (M197, fo1. 341v) (photo Matenadaran) 59. Tunic of Archbishop John with a Chinese dragon, from a book of the Gospels, 1289. Erevan, Matenadaran (M 197, fo1. 341 v, detail) (photo Matenadaran) 60. Silk textile with coiled dragons in roundels, (1279-1368). Lampas weave (twill and twill), silk and gold thread. Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward I. Whittemore Fund (1995.73). After Komaroff and Carboni, eds. (2002), fig. 206

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61. Frieze tile with dragon from Takht-i Sulayman, 1270s. Frit• ware, overglaze luster-painted. Victoria and Albert Museum, London (541.1900). Mter Komaroff and Carboni, eds. (2002), fig. 100 62. Star tile with phoenix, Takht-i Sulayman, 1270s. Fritware, overglaze painted (lajvardina). Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smith• sonian Institution, Washington, D.C., gift of Osborne and Gratia Hauge (S1997.114). Mter Komaroffand Carboni, eds. (2002), fig. 101 63. Monumental dragon with mibriib, 1265-82. Viar, Iran. Courtesy of Marco Brambilla 64. The False Prophet Baalam Riding an Uphill Path with a Crouching Lion, from the Lectionary of Het'um II, 1286. Erevan, Matena• daran (M979, fo1. 10, detail) (photo Matenadaran) 65. Incipit of St. Matthew with animals including two qilin, from a book of the Gospels, c. 1270s-80s. Erevan, Matenadaran (M7651, fo1. 10). After Buschhausen and Buschhausen (1981), fig. 19 66. Silk mandala with imperial portraits, China, Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, pur• chase, Lila Acheson Wallace Gift, (1992.54, detail). Mter Watt, J. C. Y. and Wardwell (1997), no. 25, 95-99 67. Portrait of Queen Keran and King Levon II with their chil• dren, from the Keran Gospels, Sis, 1272. Jerusalem, Arme• nian Patriarchate G2563, fo1. 380). Mter Der Nersessian and Agemian (1993), fig. 641 68. Bowl painted in luster, second half of 13th century. Ex-Rab• enou Collection, present whereabouts unkown. After Pope and Ackerman, eds. (1938-39), pI. 774b 69. Sherd of a bowl, decorated in lajvardina technique (enamels and gilding over a blue glaze), 13th-14th century. Courtesy of British Museum, London (91.6-25.84) 70. Bowl, molded with a 'celadon' green glaze, 13th-14th century. Ex-Brangwyn Collection, Victoria and Albert Museum, London (C.10-1947). After Pope and Ackerman, eds. (1938-39), pI. 769a 71. Bowl, decorated with gray and white colored slips and black outlines (the 'Sultanabad' technique), 13th-14th century. Ex• Raphael Collection. Mter Pope and Ackerman, eds. (1938-39), pI. 779a

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72. Bowl, underglaze-painted in the 'panel style,' 13th-14th cen• tury. Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum, London (C.8- 1939) 73. Bowl, polychrome underg1aze-painted in the 'wiry animal' style, 13th-14th century. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (M.2002.1.227) (Museum AssociateslLACMA, The Madina Collection ofIslamic Art, gift of Camilla Chandler Frost; photo © 2005 Museum Associates/LACMA) 74. Bowl, polychrome underglaze-painted in the 'interlace' style, 13th-14th century. Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum, London (978-1907) 75. Bowl, painted in black under a turquoise glaze in 'peacock• eye' style, 13th-14th century. Ex-Kelekian Collection, present whereabouts unknown. After Lane, A. (1947), pI. 93a. 76. Bowl, painted in black under a turquoise glaze in simplified version of the 'peacock eye' style, dated RabI' I 6761 August 1277. Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum, London (Circ. 350-1929) 77. Bowl with painting in blue and black and pierced rim, 13th- 14th century. Ex-Kelekian Collection, present whereabouts unknown. After Pope and Ackerman, eds. (1938-39), pI. 781b 78. Large jar with molded decoration under a blue glaze, 13th-14th century. Mter Riefstahl (1922), frontis. 79. Bowl, black, blue, and white and gray slips (in 'Sultanabad' technique), 14th century, from Sarai Berke. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. After Lane, A. (1957), pI. 5a 80. Tile panel, khiinqiih of Plr-i I:Iusayn near Baku, 1284-86. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (IR-233-287). Mter Piotro• vsky and Vrieze, eds. (1999), cat. no. 190 81. Tile panel, probably from the Imamzada Ja'far, Damghan, 1266-67. Museum fur Islamische Kunst, Berlin 82. Cup, bronze inlaid with silver, 14th century. National Museum, Tehran 83. Caravansaray, north of Marand, 14th century, detail of kufic inscription on portal (photo B. O'Kane) 84. Mosque, Asnaq, dated 73311333, detail of inscription over window (photo B. O'Kane) 85. Buq'a-yi Khic;lr, Hamadan, 14th century, interior (photo B. O'Kane)

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86. Frontispiece, Bal'amI's Tiir'ikhniima. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.: Purchase Fund, F1957.16, fo1. la (drawing by T. Fitzherbert) 87. Frontispiece, Bal'amI's Tiir'ikhniima. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.: Purchase Fund, F 195 7 .16, fo1. 1a, detail of inscription (drawing by T. Fitzher• bert) 88. Frontispiece, Kitiib al-aghiin'i, vol. 17. Courtesy of the Suley• maniye Mosque Library, Istanbul, Feyzullah Efendi 1566, fo1. la 89. Stone inscription panel, Ince Minareli Medresesi, Konya. Courtesy of Scott Redford 90. Portal of Governor's House, Amadiya, N. Iraq. Courtesy of A. F. Kersting 91. Ibriih'im is Thrown into the Fire by Namrild, Bal'amI's Tiir'ikhniima. Courtesy of the Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institu• tion, Washington, D.C.: Purchase Fund, F1957.16, fo1. 24b (detail) 92. Jewish Doctors Exorcise Evil Spirit .from Heathen Temple, Bal'aml's Tiir'ikhniima. Courtesy of the Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.: Purchase Fund, F1957.16, fo1. 126a 93. Cleansing ifthe Prophet's Heart by Three Divine Messengers, Bal'amI's Tiir'ikhniima. Courtesy of the Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.: Purchase Fund, F1957.16, fo1. 138a 94. Frontispiece, Kitiib al-aghiin'i, vol. 20. Courtesy of the David Collection, Copenhagen, Det kongelige Bibliotek, Cod. Arab. CLXVIII, fo1. 1a 95. Stucco relief of royal hunter from Kubadabad Palace. Ince Minareli Medresesi, Konya (photo T. Fitzherbert) 96. St. George and the Dragon, wallpainting, datable to 1282-1304, KIrk Dam Alt! Kilise, Belisirama, eastern Cappadocia. Mter Restle (1967), ill. 515 97. St. George flanked by Thamar and the Emir and Consul Basil, dat• able to 1282-1304, KIrk Dam Altl Kilise, Belisirama, eastern Cappadocia. Mter Restle (1967), ill. 516 98. The Afsh'in lfaydar Parleys with Biibak, Bal'amI's Tiir'ikhniima. Courtesy of the Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institu• tion, Washington, D.C.: Purchase Fund, F1947.19, fo1. 181b

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(detail) 99. Dream if St. Simeon, Syrian Orthodox lectionary, dated 1260 ADIl571 Seleucid era, from the Monastery of Mar Matai: near Mosul. Courtesy of the Bib1ioteca Aposto1ica Vaticana, Siriaco 559, fol. 48a 100. Entry if Christ into Jerusalem, Syrian Orthodox lectionary, dated 1260 ADIl571 Se1eucid era, from the Monastery of Mar Matai: near Mosul. Courtesy of the Bib1ioteca Aposto1ica Vaticana, Siriaco 559, fol. 105a 10 1. Walls of Nineveh and Shrine of N abi Yunus, Mosul. Courtesy of A. F. Kersting 102. Farman of Uzun Basan, section 1. Private collection 103. Farman of Uzun Basan, section 2. Private collection 104. Farman of Uzun Basan, sections 3-4. Private collection 105. Farman of Uzun Basan, section 5. Private collection 106. Farman of U zun Basan, section 6. Private collection 107. Farman of Uzun Basan, section 6 (detail). Private collection 108. Letter of Guyug Khan (detail). Vatican Archives (AA, Arm. I-XVIII, 1802 [3]). Mter Nata1ini et aI., eds. (1991), 68 109. Farman of Mul).ammad b. 'Uthman, detail. Ardabi1 Shrine documents. Mter Herrmann (1994), 299 110. Farman of Geikhatu (detail). Art and History Trust, no. 9 Ill. Farman of Mul).ammad b. Tugh1ugh (detail). Keir Collection, Surrey. Mter Robinson (1976), pI. 150 112. Dfnar issued in the name of Tughri1 by the Kakuyid Abu Man~ur Faramurz. Isfahan, 435/1043. Private collection

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