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Trilobites Del Cámbrico Tardío- Ordovícico Temprano De La Cordillera Oriental, Argentina

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Trilobites Del Cámbrico Tardío- Ordovícico Temprano De La Cordillera Oriental, Argentina Tesis Doctoral Trilobites del Cámbrico Tardío- Ordovícico temprano de la Cordillera Oriental, Argentina. Revisión sistemática y análisis filogenético de la Familia Olenidae Monti, Daniela Soledad 2015-03-19 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Monti, Daniela Soledad. (2015-03-19). Trilobites del Cámbrico Tardío-Ordovícico temprano de la Cordillera Oriental, Argentina. Revisión sistemática y análisis filogenético de la Familia Olenidae. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cita tipo Chicago: Monti, Daniela Soledad. "Trilobites del Cámbrico Tardío-Ordovícico temprano de la Cordillera Oriental, Argentina. Revisión sistemática y análisis filogenético de la Familia Olenidae". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2015-03-19. Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE BUENOS AIRES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y NATURALES DEPARTAMENTO DE ECOLOGÍA, GENÉTICA Y EVOLUCIÓN Trilobites del Cámbrico tardío - Ordovícico temprano de la Cordillera Oriental, Argentina. Revisión sistemática y análisis filogenético de la familia Olenidae Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área de CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS Licenciada Daniela Soledad Monti Directores de tesis: Doctora Viviana A. Confalonieri Doctor M. Franco Tortello Buenos Aires, 19 de marzo de 2015 TRILOBITES DEL CÁMBRICO TARDÍO-ORDOVÍCICO TEMPRANO DE LA CORDILLERA ORIENTAL, ARGENTINA. REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y ANÁLISIS FILOGENÉTICO DE LA FAMILIA OLENIDAE RESUMEN La familia Olenidae se destaca por su abundancia e importancia bioestratigráfica en particular en las sedimentitas del Paleozoico Inferior del noroeste argentino. En este trabajo sepresenta una revisión de los olénidos del Furongiano – Tremadociano del noroeste argentino, analizando su variación intraspecífica a partir de métodos taxonómicos clásicos y de morfometría clásica y geométrica. Se reconocen un total de 27 especies válidas para el lapso estudiado. Se describe y cuantifica la variación asociada al tamaño observada en céfalos de Jujuyaspis keideli Kobayashi. Asimismo se presenta un análisis cladístico con caracteres morfológicos, para un total de 34 taxones (31 olénidos). Se codificaron 78 caracteres, 24 cuantitativos, codificados como discretos (aditivos y no aditivos) y medianas. Las diferentes matrices fueron analizadas con TNT, aplicando el criterio de máxima parsimonia y pesos implicados. La familia Olenidae no es un clado monofilético, pues Olenus gibbosus (Wahlenberg) no queda incluida dentro de la misma. Angelina Salter, Hypermecaspis Harrington y Leanza, Leptoplastides Raw y Paraboleinella Brogger, son géneros monofiléticos bien soportados. La monofilia de Oleninae y Pelturinae se pone en duda, mientras que Triartrhinae sí constituye un grupo monofilético. La codificación de los caracteres continuos permite una mejor resolución de las relaciones entre las especies. Los diferentes tipos de codificación de caracteres producen resultados muy disímiles en algunos casos. Palabras claves: OLENIDAE, FURONGIANO – TREMADOCIANO, NOROESTE ARGENTINO, MORFOMETRÍA GEOMÉTRICA, CLADÍSTICO, CARACTERES CONTINUOS LATE CAMBRIAN – EARLY ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES FROM THE EASTERN CORDILLERA OF ARGENTINA. REVISION OF THE SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY OLENIDAE ABSTRACT The family Olenidae stands out for its abundance and bioestratigraphic importance, mainly in Lower Paleozoic sediments of northwestern Argentina. The present work deals with a taxonomic revision of the Furongian – Tremadocian olenids from this region. It was based on an analysis of intraspecific variation using traditional taxonomic methods, as well as traditional and geometric morphometric methods. A total of 27 valid species were identified. The morphological variation associated with size in cephala of Jujuyaspis keideli Kobayashi was described and quantified. In addition, a cladistic analysis using morphological characters was conducted for 34 taxa (31 olenids). Seventy-eight characters, 24 of which are quantitative, were coded as discrete (either additive or non-additive) and as medians, means and ranges. The data matrices were analyzed using the software TNT under the optimality criteria of maximum parsimony and implied weighting. The family Olenidae does not constitute a monophyletic clade given that Olenus gibbosus (Wahlenberg) is not included within it. Angelina Salter, Hypermecaspis Harrington and Leanza, Leptoplastides Raw y Paraboleinella Brogger are well-supported monophyletic genera. The monophyletic status of Oleninae and Pelturinae are dubious while Thriarthrinae is consider a monophyletic group. The different methods of analysis used in this study revealed that Triartrhinae is a natural group, while the monophyly of Oleninae and Pelturinae is uncertain. Conclusions drawn are that the coding of the continuous characters allows a better resolution of the relationships among species, and that results may depend on the coding type used. Keywords:OLENIDAE, FURONGIAN–TREMADOCIAN, NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA, GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRY, CLADISTICS, CONTINUOUS CHARACTERS AGRADECIMIENTOS Escribir los agradecimientos de una tesis puede que sea más complejo de lo que a priori uno cree. Parece sencillo empezar a listar gente que en algún punto contribuyó al trabajo, ya sea desde lo afectivo, académico o profesional. Sin embargo en cinco años, mucha agua corrió debajo del puente, y junto con el desarrollo de este trabajo, fui creciendo, cambiando, por qué no regenerando (me tomo la prestada la expresión) y son pocas las personas que después de tanto tiempo y cambio siguen aquí, pero muchas las que pasaron, y contribuyeron de uno u otro modo a mi formación. De este modo con temor a olvidar alguien, ya cansada por días enteros frente a la compu, se viene “El” listado de gente que con su presencia, y sus acciones me transformaron y me ayudaron a estar acá hoy, escribiendo esto. Claramente empezamos por lo más fácil, los que están, los que SIEMPRE van a estar, los primeros, los últimos, y obviamente los del camino. En primer lugar, Clarisa quiero agradecer tenerte en mi vida, sos la persona más importante en ella, creciste conmigo en todo este proceso y sobreviviste a esta tesis tanto como yo; gracias por la paciencia, por ofrecerme tu ayuda (si quería hacerme algunos dibujitos!) y por llenarme de amor y orgullo. Gracias por darme fuerzas cada día. Mami, gracias por estar siempre conmigo apoyándome en cada decisión que tomé en la vida, ayudándome con todo lo que estuviera a tu alcance, y más también. Obviamente por darme todo lo que me diste, yo no sería la persona que soy hoy, y no estaría acá terminando un doctorado si no fuera por vos. Gracias por enseñarme todo con paciencia y amor desde mis primeras palabras, pasando por historia y geografía, en aquel cuarto vacío y frío, y cómo olvidar, mi primer acercamiento a la biología, cuando me explicaste la fosforilación oxidativa de la fotosíntesis, con dibujitos de electrones bajando escalones (no creo que te acuerdes). Papá, a vos también te quiero agradecer por haber participado en mi formación, claramente no sería la persona que soy hoy si vos no hubieras estado en mi vida, me ensañaste también desde pequeña, quizás no cuestiones biológicas, pero sí de todo lo demás que hace a un persona. Me diste la mejor educación que alguien pueda querer, me diste amor y afecto. En fin, podría seguir listando cosas por las que quiero agradecer a mis padres, pero se me acaba el tiempo y en realidad se resume, en que gracias a ustedes hoy estoy acá. Martin, vos me enseñaste otro tanto, por empezar que en el mundo hay que hacerse un lugar (ja! Me volviste loca de chiquita); pero en serio quiero agradecerte porque siempre estas, me ayudas en todo lo que está a tu alcance, especialmente en este último tiempo te encargaste de mil cosas sólo para que pueda terminar, por suerte la vida me dio un gran hermano, y más allá de enloquecerme, siempre me diste mucho afecto. Fuiste un gran cómplice a lo largo de toda mi vida y espero que lo sigas siendo. Una persona a la que quiero agradecer especialmente es a la Noni, mi abuela, no creo que conozca a alguien con más fuerza y empuje que esa increíble mujer. Aún hoy con más de noventa años, sigue ayudando a todos sus nietos de un modo admirable. Ella fue quien inició todo, es la raíz de la familia hermosa que me tocó tener. Gracias por ayudarme tanto (yo sé que pensás que podrías hacer más, pero quedate tranquila que haces mucho más de lo te imaginas). Robando nuevamente una expresión, “sos el pilar de una gran familia”, y todos nuestros logros tienen raíces en vos. Gracias por cuidarme desde bebe y por seguir haciéndolo hoy que ya soy adulta. Dentro de mi familia obviamente no puede faltar mi hermana de la vida. Es raro para mí usar esa expresión, no soy muy fan de este tipo de expresiones, pero creo que es la que mejor la describe
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