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Specific Objective 3 Sov 1 Case Study SoV 3.1 Evidence based management recommendations for the Angolan Horse Mackerel and Sardinella Fishery with special emphasis on use value and employment 1 Evidence based management recommendations for the Angolan Horse Mackerel and Sardinella Fishery with special emphasis on use value and employment TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Implementing an EAF .................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Brief History of the Fisheries in Angola ......................................................................... 3 1.3. The Angolan Fishery for Sardinella and Horse Mackerel – Historical Data ................... 5 1.4. Report Development Methodology ............................................................................ 10 2. ANGOLAN ARTISANAL FISHERIES ........................................................................................ 12 3. INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF THE ANGOLAN FISHERIES .............................................. 16 3.1. Access/Use right .......................................................................................................... 19 3.2. Participation of Fishers and Fish Workers and Community Level Institutions ........... 20 3.3. Interactions between Different Policies ...................................................................... 22 3.4. Support Centers for Artisanal Fisheries ...................................................................... 24 4. FISHERIES DATA ................................................................................................................... 26 4.1. Benguela Province ....................................................................................................... 30 4.2. Namibe Province ......................................................................................................... 40 4.3. Luanda Province .......................................................................................................... 62 5. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................... 71 6. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 75 i Evidence based management recommendations for the Angolan Horse Mackerel and Sardinella Fishery with special emphasis on use value and employment List of Tables Table 1: Estimates of biomass (‘000 tons) of pelagic fish Type 1, mainly sardinella, as estimated from the R/V DR. Fridtjof Nansen surveys in Angolan waters. ..................................................... 6 Table 2: Estimates of biomass of Cunene horse mackerel as estimated from the R/V DR. Fridtjof Nansen Surveys in Angola (‘000 tons). .......................................................................................... 8 Table 3: Biomass estimates of Cape horse mackerel from the surveys in Angola (‘000 tons). .... 9 Table 4: TACs for the main pelagic species (tons). ...................................................................... 10 Table 5: Total Allowable Catch (in tons) for 2003 to 2009 for horse mackerel and sardinella. .. 17 Table 6: Total Allowable Catch (in tons) for 2010 to 2015 for horse mackerel and sardinella. .. 18 Table 7: Allowed import of horse mackerel (in tons) from 2010 to 2015. ................................. 19 Table 8: Fishing communities in Luanda, Benguela and Namibe provinces. .............................. 21 Table 9: Total catches (tons) by Province from 1996 to 2010. ................................................... 27 Table 10: Total catches (Kg) of sardinella and horse mackerel, Luanda, Benguela and Namibe provinces in different years. ....................................................................................................... 27 Table 11: Total catches (Kg) for different fishing gears in Angola coast in 2010. ....................... 28 Table 12: Fish biomass (tons) for coast regions for 2013. .......................................................... 28 Table 13: Number of employees in 2014 in Benguela province in the fisheries sector.............. 30 Table 14: Horse mackerel and sardinella total catches in Benguela province from 2013 to 2015. ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 Table 15: Total catches in Benguela province in different fishing methods ............................... 32 Table 16: Total catches in Namibe province, for horse mackerel and sardinella in different fishing communities. ................................................................................................................... 40 Table 17: Different fisheries and gear used in Tômbwa, according to recognized sector. ......... 47 Table 18: Stressors for the fish industry in Tômbwa. .................................................................. 57 List of Photos Photo 1: Fisheries Technology Department (left), located near one of the busiest fish harbours of Benguela town (right). ............................................................................................................ 30 Photo 2: Industrial seine net (left) and artisanal mesh net (right), each techniques target different set of fish. ..................................................................................................................... 37 Photo 3: Namibe’s town fishing harbour, located next to the commercial harbour, where all artisanal fishermen in town dock their boats to offload their catch. ......................................... 49 Photo 4: Pinda Market. The biggest fish trading market in Namibe, where fresh, salted and dried horse mackerel, sardinella and all other fish catch are sold. ............................................ 49 ii Evidence based management recommendations for the Angolan Horse Mackerel and Sardinella Fishery with special emphasis on use value and employment Photo 5: Tômbwa fishing harbour in construction, to be concluded in 2016. ........................... 50 Photo 6: Sample of horse mackerel to be processed, collected by CIP. ..................................... 50 Photo 7: Dourado, Lda. headquarters in Tômbwa, with fish salting and drying conditions being created for the local fishermen. .................................................................................................. 51 Photo 8: Dourado market in Tômbwa (1), located right next to Tômbwa’s main artisanal fisheries docking area (B). This market is being rehabilitated to provide a sheltered and hygienic place for women to sell fresh and processed fish, including mackerel (C & D)............ 52 Photo 9: General layout of a fish freezing company in Tômbwa. Fish catch is sucked straight from the cargo hold into the automatic mattresses (A → B → C) where it is manually sorted by type and size. Catch intended to be frozen is then pre-frozen and kept in small containers by type (D) before transferred to the main -18ºC container. .......................................................... 53 Photo 10: Empessul’s main freezing container. It’s almost emptiness represents the low catches during 2015. Recently it has only been composed of sardinella. .................................. 54 iii Evidence based management recommendations for the Angolan Horse Mackerel and Sardinella Fishery with special emphasis on use value and employment 1. INTRODUCTION The Benguela Current Commission (BCC) is coordinating the ECOFISH project, a joint research effort that is expected to modernise and improve the management of key marine fisheries in Angola, Namibia and South Africa. ECOFISH is focused on the fisheries for hake, horse mackerel and sardinella – three fish stocks considered most important for securing the prosperity of the fishing industries of Angola, Namibia and South Africa, and the livelihoods of fishers and fish workers. The ultimate goal of ECOFISH is to help the three countries to implement an ecosystem approach to managing marine fisheries. Angola, Namibia and South Africa committed themselves to introducing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management at the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002. The ECOFISH project will help them to fulfil this pledge. The European Union has provided a grant of 1.5 million Euros to fund the ECOFISH project over four years (2011 to 2015). The ECOFISH consortium is made up of scientists and fisheries managers in Angola, Namibia and South Africa and a team of specialists from the Technical University of Denmark. Scientists from the universities of Cape Town and Stellenbosch are also participating in the initiative. The project focuses on three work packages, namely i) stock assessment in the BCC region, ii) Data based scientific knowledge and iii) shareholder knowledge and acceptance. This report is the Angolan contribution to work package 3. 1.1. Implementing an EAF The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) management is a relatively new research and management paradigm (FAO 2003), which has emerged as a response to the failure 1 Evidence based management recommendations for the Angolan Horse Mackerel and Sardinella Fishery with special emphasis on use value and employment to manage the world’s fisheries in a sustainable manner (Pitcher et al. 1998; Pauly et al. 2002). EAF refers to a holistic
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