The Rise of Fact-Checking Sites in Europe
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Journalism's Backseat Drivers. American Journalism
V. Journalism's The ascendant blogosphere has rattled the news media with its tough critiques and nonstop scrutiny of their reporting. But the relationship between the two is nfiore complex than it might seem. In fact, if they stay out of the defensive crouch, the battered Backseat mainstream media may profit from the often vexing encounters. BY BARB PALSER hese are beleaguered times for news organizations. As if their problems "We see you behind the curtain...and we're not impressed by either with rampant ethical lapses and declin- ing readership and viewersbip aren't your bluster or your insults. You aren't higher beings, and everybody out enough, their competence and motives are being challenged by outsiders with here has the right—and ability—to fact-check your asses, and call you tbe gall to call them out before a global audience. on it when you screw up and/or say something stupid. You, and Eason Journalists are in the hot seat, their feet held to tbe flames by citizen bloggers Jordan, and Dan Rather, and anybody else in print or on television who believe mainstream media are no more trustwortby tban tbe politicians don't get free passes because you call yourself journalists.'" and corporations tbey cover, tbat journal- ists tbemselves bave become too lazy, too — Vodkapundit blogger Will Collier responding to CJR cloistered, too self-rigbteous to be tbe watcbdogs tbey once were. Or even to rec- Daily Managing Editor Steve Lovelady's characterization ognize what's news. Some track tbe trend back to late of bloggers as "salivating morons" 2002, wben bloggers latcbed onto U.S. -
Ethics for Digital Journalists
ETHICS FOR DIGITAL JOURNALISTS The rapid growth of online media has led to new complications in journalism ethics and practice. While traditional ethical principles may not fundamentally change when information is disseminated online, applying them across platforms has become more challenging as new kinds of interactions develop between jour- nalists and audiences. In Ethics for Digital Journalists , Lawrie Zion and David Craig draw together the international expertise and experience of journalists and scholars who have all been part of the process of shaping best practices in digital journalism. Drawing on contemporary events and controversies like the Boston Marathon bombing and the Arab Spring, the authors examine emerging best practices in everything from transparency and verifi cation to aggregation, collaboration, live blogging, tweet- ing, and the challenges of digital narratives. At a time when questions of ethics and practice are challenged and subject to intense debate, this book is designed to provide students and practitioners with the insights and skills to realize their potential as professionals. Lawrie Zion is an Associate Professor of Journalism at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia, and editor-in-chief of the online magazine upstart. He has worked as a broadcaster with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and as a fi lm journalist for a range of print publications. He wrote and researched the 2007 documentary The Sounds of Aus , which tells the story of the Australian accent. David Craig is a Professor of Journalism and Associate Dean at the University of Oklahoma in the United States. A former newspaper copy editor, he is the author of Excellence in Online Journalism: Exploring Current Practices in an Evolving Environ- ment and The Ethics of the Story: Using Narrative Techniques Responsibly in Journalism . -
Digital Journalism and Democracy 9 Beate Josephi
The SAGE Handbook of Digital Journalism BK-SAGE-WITSCHGE-160034.indb 1 4/21/2016 8:51:09 PM SAGE was founded in 1965 by Sara Miller McCune to support the dissemination of usable knowledge by publishing innovative and high-quality research and teaching content. Today, we publish over 900 journals, including those of more than 400 learned societies, more than 800 new books per year, and a growing range of library products including archives, data, case studies, reports, and video. SAGE remains majority-owned by our founder, and after Sara’s lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures our continued independence. Los Angeles | London | New Delhi | Singapore | Washington DC | Melbourne BK-SAGE-WITSCHGE-160034.indb 2 4/21/2016 8:51:15 PM The SAGE Handbook of Digital Journalism Edited by Tamara Witschge, C.W. Anderson, David Domingo and Alfred Hermida BK-SAGE-WITSCHGE-160034.indb 3 4/21/2016 8:51:15 PM SAGE Publications Ltd Introductions & editorial arrangement © Tamara Witschge, 1 Oliver’s Yard C.W. Anderson, David Domingo and Alfred Hermida 2016 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP Chapter 1 © Beate Josephi 2016 Chapter 21 © Laura Ahva and Chapter 2 © Owen Taylor 2016 Heikki Heikkilä 2016 SAGE Publications Inc. Chapter 3 © Eugenia Siapera Chapter 22 © Bart Cammaerts 2455 Teller Road 2016 and Nick Couldry 2016 Thousand Oaks, California 91320 Chapter 4 © Rasmus Kleis Chapter 23 © Seth C. Lewis and Nielsen 2016 Oscar Westlund 2016 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd Chapter 5 © Stephen J.A. Ward Chapter 24 © Chris Peters 2016 B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area 2016 Chapter 25 © David M. -
Emotion and Digital Journalism Karin Wahl-Jorgensen Cardiff University
Emotion and digital journalism Karin Wahl-Jorgensen Cardiff University Introduction The era of digital journalism represents a shift in the forms of knowing – or epistemology – of journalism. This shift, I argue, has opened up new spaces for more emotional and personalized forms of expression in public discourse. In referring to digital journalism, I am interested in tracing the consequences of a particular set of developments that have occurred as a result of the “digital disruption” (Jones and Salter, 2011) engendered by the emergence of online journalism and convergence. These processes have been ongoing since the 1990s (e.g. Scott, 2005) but remain profoundly destabilizing and transformative. The changes to journalism practice that have resulted from these processes are multifarious and far-reaching, involving fundamental challenges to everything from the business model of journalism to journalism’s self-understanding and its relationships to audience. As Franklin (2013: 2) argued in an editorial to the first issue of the journal, Digital Journalism: Digital journalism is complex, expansive and, even in these early days, constitutes a massive and ill-defined communications terrain which is constantly in flux. Digital journalism engages different types of journalistic organizations and individuals, embraces distinctive content formats and styles, and involves contributors with divergent editorial ambitions, professional backgrounds, and educational experiences and achievements, who strive to reach diverse audiences. 1 Franklin’s description of the complexities of the digital journalism landscape highlights how this new era has challenged conventional understandings of who journalists are and what journalism is, involving an ever-wider range of groups and individuals, as well as genres and platforms. -
Defending 2020
© 2021 The Alliance for Securing Democracy Please direct inquiries to The Alliance for Securing Democracy at The German Marshall Fund of the United States 1700 18th Street, NW Washington, DC 20009 T 1 202 683 2650 E [email protected] This publication can be downloaded for free at https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/defending-2020/. The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the authors alone. Cover design by Katya Sankow Alliance for Securing Democracy The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD), a nonpartisan initiative housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, develops comprehensive strategies to deter, defend against, and raise the costs on autocratic efforts to undermine and interfere in democratic institutions. ASD has staff in Washington, D.C., and Brussels, bringing together experts on disinformation, malign finance, emerging technologies, elections integrity, economic coer- cion, and cybersecurity, as well as Russia, China, and the Middle East, to collaborate across traditional stovepipes and develop cross-cutting frameworks. About the Authors Jessica Brandt is head of policy and research for the Alliance for Securing Democracy and a fellow at the Ger- man Marshall Fund of the United States. She was previously a fellow in the Foreign Policy program at the Brook- ings Institution, where her research focused on multilateral institutions and geopolitics, and where she led a cross-program initiative on Democracy at Risk. Jessica previously served as special adviser to the president of the Brookings Institution, as an International and Global Affairs fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and Inter- national Affairs at Harvard University, and as the director of Foreign Relations for the Geneva Accord. -
Bias and Fact Checking Session January - February 2021 Smartnorthumberland.Ca 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation
SMARTNORTHUMBERLAND DIGITAL LITERACY PROGRAM BiasBIAS andAND Fact FAC TChecking CHECKING TheThe World Wor Wideld W Webide offers Web the offersvast availability the vastof information availability at our fingertips. of infor Tomation ensure youat areour getting fingertips. the most accurateoT informationensure youfrom onlineare gettingsources, it isthe important most to accur monitorate for signs infor of mationmanipulation. from Sources online may altersour orces, misrepresent it is informationimportant to support to monitor a particular for cause signs or agenda.of manipulation. Sources may alter or misrepresent information to support a particular cause or agenda. Definitions Bias: prejudice in favour of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair Misinformation: False or inaccurate information, especially that which is deliberately intended to deceive Disinformation: False information which is intended to discretely mislead and change public opinion What to do Question Check Verify Question what you’re TakeTak esteps steps to check to checkthe author, the check Verify the information is looking at. Is this a theauthor date, and, check check your the biases. date, accurate. Consult a fact- credible source? Is and check your biases. checking site, or access this a joke? Are there resources like your local supporting sources? librarian. What’s the whole story? Helpful resources • The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions: How to Spot Fake News (ifla.org/publications/node/11174) • The Poynter Institute rates news outlets on their bias and their political content (Poynter.org) Bias and Fact Checking session January - February 2021 SMARTnorthumberland.ca 7 types of mis- and disinformation Satire or parody The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule (to criticize human follies or vices), particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. -
Social Media and Journalism: 10 Years Later, Untangling Key Assumptions
Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2019 Social Media and Journalism: 10 Years Later, Untangling Key Assumptions Seth C. Lewis Logan Molyneux University of Oregon Temple University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract revitalize, and hopefully monetize, audience attention in a world awash in attractive alternatives to news. To be active on Twitter and Facebook, as well as Snapchat, Instagram, Amid a broader reckoning about the role of social and the rest, was seen by many news managers as an media in public life, this article argues that the same obvious and necessary step in journalism’s digital-first scrutiny can be applied to the journalism studies field transformation. and its approaches to examining social media. A decade In many cases, journalists actually were ahead of their later, what hath such research wrought? We need a bosses as early and eager adopters of social media, more particular accounting of the assumptions, biases, embracing the opportunity to develop a personal brand, and blind spots that have crept into this line of research follow and converse with fellow journalists, seek new as well as the study of mediated conversations broadly. sources and ideas, and enjoy a metric-based manifestation Our purpose is to provoke reflection and chart a path that people indeed liked and shared their work. For many for future research by critiquing themes of what has journalists, being on social media also meant being come before. In particular, we seek to untangle three exposed to unruly publics and their criticisms, and feeling faulty assumptions—often implicit but no less obligated to manage yet another platform around the clock. -
An Analysis of How Journalists Interview Children Impacted by Immigration Policies
Breaking Down the Wall by Perla Salazar-Rangel — 55 Breaking Down the Wall: An Analysis of How Journalists Interview Children Impacted by Immigration Policies Perla Salazar-Rangel Journalism Elon University Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in an undergraduate senior capstone course in communications Abstract Journalists have interviewed children and teenagers for stories such as school shootings, child abuse cases, and issues related to immigration. There are few ethical guidelines regarding how minors should be interviewed by journalists, or if they should be interviewed at all. This study examines how journalists covered immigration- related issues between November 2016 to October 2019 and how children were interviewed for those stories. Based on this examination, ethical guidelines for journalists approaching migrant children, or children of migrants, will be suggested to ensure their safety and privacy, while still allowing for their perspectives in news stories. I. Introduction The Society of Professional Journalists created a set of guidelines in 1909 about the ethics of practicing honest and accurate journalism. The major components of the SPJ Code of Ethics are to seek truth and report it, minimize harm, act independently, and be accountable and transparent (SPJ, 2014). “Minimizing harm” is the only subhead that mentions dealing with juveniles. The code of ethics has seen several revisions, most recently in 2014. Revisions include the mention of taking special care when dealing with juveniles and sources who are inexperienced or unable to give consent. Journalism professor Karen Slattery (2016) noted that the code moves away from the terminology of a “journalist with ethics” to “ethical journalism,” which she sees as problematic in the sense that it can shift the weight of the issue away from a specific journalist to journalism as a medium overall (p. -
Fake News Online, Fact-Checking, Reliable News Sources
Page 1 of 3 FAKE NEWS ONLINE, FACT-CHECKING, RELIABLE NEWS SOURCES OpenSources.co: How to analyze websites: False, Misleading, Clickbait-y, and/or Satirical “News” Sources https://docs.google.com/document/d/10eA5-mCZLSS4MQY5QGb5ewC3VAL6pLkT53V_81ZyitM/mobilebasic “Snopes' Field Guide to Fake News Sites and Hoax Purveyors” http://www.snopes.com/2016/01/14/fake-news-sites/ By Kim LaCapria. Updated Jan 06, 2017. Snopes.com's updated guide to the internet's clickbaiting, news-faking, social media exploiting dark side. Consumer's Handbook: Fake News Edition (On the Media) http://www.wnyc.org/story/breaking-news-consumer-handbook-fake-news-edition/ The HonestTruth About Fake News (KQED’s The Lowdown) https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/12/06/the-honest-truth-about-fake-news-with-lesson-plan/ "Fighting Fake News Online" by MODIS on JANUARY 10, 2017 http://blog.modis.com/job-seekers/fighting-fake-news-online/#close factcheck.org We are a nonpartisan, nonprofit “consumer advocate” for voters that aims to reduce the level of deception and confusion in U.S. politics. We monitor the factual accuracy of what is said by major U.S. political players in the form of TV ads, debates, speeches, interviews and news releases. Our goal is to apply the best practices of both journalism and scholarship, and to increase public knowledge and understanding. International Fact-Checking Network Poynter, “since 2015 has mobilized fact-checkers from all over the world under an initiative called the International Fact Checking Code of Principles).” . Poynter Institute is a "Florida-based journalism training organization." www.poynter.org/fact-checkers-code-of-principles/ ABC News, the Associated Press, Climate Feedback, Factcheck.org, PolitiFact, Snopes and The Washington Post Fact Checker - signatories of this code. -
Articles & Reports
1 Reading & Resource List on Information Literacy Articles & Reports Adegoke, Yemisi. "Like. Share. Kill.: Nigerian police say false information on Facebook is killing people." BBC News. Accessed November 21, 2018. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt- sh/nigeria_fake_news. See how Facebook posts are fueling ethnic violence. ALA Public Programs Office. “News: Fake News: A Library Resource Round-Up.” American Library Association. February 23, 2017. http://www.programminglibrarian.org/articles/fake-news-library-round. ALA Public Programs Office. “Post-Truth: Fake News and a New Era of Information Literacy.” American Library Association. Accessed March 2, 2017. http://www.programminglibrarian.org/learn/post-truth- fake-news-and-new-era-information-literacy. This has a 45-minute webinar by Dr. Nicole A. Cook, University of Illinois School of Information Sciences, which is intended for librarians but is an excellent introduction to fake news. Albright, Jonathan. “The Micro-Propaganda Machine.” Medium. November 4, 2018. https://medium.com/s/the-micro-propaganda-machine/. In a three-part series, Albright critically examines the role of Facebook in spreading lies and propaganda. Allen, Mike. “Machine learning can’g flag false news, new studies show.” Axios. October 15, 2019. ios.com/machine-learning-cant-flag-false-news-55aeb82e-bcbb-4d5c-bfda-1af84c77003b.html. Allsop, Jon. "After 10,000 'false or misleading claims,' are we any better at calling out Trump's lies?" Columbia Journalism Review. April 30, 2019. https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/trump_fact- check_washington_post.php. Allsop, Jon. “Our polluted information ecosystem.” Columbia Journalism Review. December 11, 2019. https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/cjr_disinformation_conference.php. Amazeen, Michelle A. -
The Art and Science of Data-Driven Journalism
The Art and Science of Data-driven Journalism Executive Summary Journalists have been using data in their stories for as long as the profession has existed. A revolution in computing in the 20th century created opportunities for data integration into investigations, as journalists began to bring technology into their work. In the 21st century, a revolution in connectivity is leading the media toward new horizons. The Internet, cloud computing, agile development, mobile devices, and open source software have transformed the practice of journalism, leading to the emergence of a new term: data journalism. Although journalists have been using data in their stories for as long as they have been engaged in reporting, data journalism is more than traditional journalism with more data. Decades after early pioneers successfully applied computer-assisted reporting and social science to investigative journalism, journalists are creating news apps and interactive features that help people understand data, explore it, and act upon the insights derived from it. New business models are emerging in which data is a raw material for profit, impact, and insight, co-created with an audience that was formerly reduced to passive consumption. Journalists around the world are grappling with the excitement and the challenge of telling compelling stories by harnessing the vast quantity of data that our increasingly networked lives, devices, businesses, and governments produce every day. While the potential of data journalism is immense, the pitfalls and challenges to its adoption throughout the media are similarly significant, from digital literacy to competition for scarce resources in newsrooms. Global threats to press freedom, digital security, and limited access to data create difficult working conditions for journalists in many countries. -
Breaking the Spin Cycle: Teaching Complexity in the 19.3
Lane Glisson 461 Breaking the Spin Cycle: Teaching Complexity in the 19.3. Age of Fake News portal Lane Glisson publication, abstract: This article describes a discussion-based approach for teaching college students to identify the characteristics of ethical journalism and scholarly writing, by comparingfor fake news with credible information in a strategically planned slideshow. Much has been written on the need to instruct our students about disinformation. This librarian shares a lesson plan that engages students’ critical thinking skills by using a blend of humor, analysis, and a compelling visual presentation. The teaching method is contextualized by research on the distrust of the press and scientific evidence since the rise of hyper-partisan cable news, Russian trollaccepted farms, and alternative facts. and Introduction edited, Throughout our culture, the old notions of “truth” and “knowledge” are in danger of being replaced by the new ones of “opinion,” “perception” and “credibility.” copy Michio Kakutani1 What if truth is not an absolute or a relative, but a skill—a muscle, like memory, that collectively we have neglected so much that we have grown measurably weaker at using it? How might we rebuild it, going from chronic to bionic? reviewed, Kevin Young2 npeer 2015, I knew I had a problem. After several years of teaching library instruction is classes, I noticed that my conception of factual- ity and that of my students had diverged. Most Most students preferred Istudents preferred Google and YouTube to do their mss. Google and YouTube to do research. When asked in my classes how they dis- cerned the credibility of a website, most shrugged their research.