DOCSLIB.ORG

Tourism As a Livelihood Strategy in Indigenous Communities: Case Studies from Taiwan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tourism As a Livelihood Strategy in Indigenous Communities: Case Studies from Taiwan Tourism as a Livelihood Strategy in Indigenous Communities: Case Studies from Taiwan by Teresa Chang-Hung Tao A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography Waterloo, Ontario Canada, 2006 © Teresa Chang-Hung Tao 2006 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A THESIS I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii ABSTRACT Tourism has become an important option for economic development and the cultural survival of aboriginal people, yet the academic work has overlooked an issue of cultural sustainability and the majority of the literature on indigenous tourism is from a non-indigenous perspective. Although the sustainable livelihood framework does not clearly address the cultural part of life, the approach requires that activities, such as tourism, are placed in a broader context so that they can be examined from an indigenous perspective on sustainability. The purpose of this study is to assess the role that tourism is playing in two indigenous communities’ livelihood strategies in Taiwan from an indigenous perspective using the sustainable livelihood framework as an organizing framework. The examination of the evolution of livelihood strategies is the main focus of the study. A review of literature identifies weaknesses in the concepts of sustainable development and sustainable tourism and provides legitimacy for using the sustainable livelihood approach to examine the roles that tourism plays in indigenous people’s daily lives. Culture is embedded in daily life and the approach allows the researcher to explore the meanings behind people’s daily activities. Also, tourism needs to be placed in a broader context in order to identify whether any linkages exist between it and other sectors of the economy and how tourism can better fit in with exiting livelihood strategies. The research is a collaborative study of two Cou aboriginal communities (i.e., Shanmei and Chashan) in central Taiwan using qualitative research methods. The sustainable livelihood framework is used as a vehicle for guiding research and analysis. Results indicate that Cou traditional livelihoods and their traditional social structure have been closely linked. The shift of Cou livelihoods from self-sustaining in the past to being linked increasingly to the global economic market system at present comes from a variety of external and internal factors (e.g., policy, history, politics, macro-economic conditions). The promotion of tourism development and cultural industries by the government in recent years has provided aboriginal people with a new opportunity (tourism) in which they can make use of their culture as an advantage (culture as an attraction) to possibly reverse the inferior position. In addition to being an attraction for economic development, culture has many implications for the way things are done and for the distribution of benefits. In both villages, people employ a wide range of resources and livelihoods strategies to support themselves. Tourism has been incorporated into the livelihoods of both villages in forms of employment (regular and occasional) and various collective and self-owned enterprises (e.g., restaurants, homestays, café, food stalls, handicraft stores and campsites). Tourism activities have the potential both to complement and to compete with other economic activities in various forms. Conflicts between tourism-related economic activities and other activities may not be obvious in terms of the use of land, water and time. The benefits and costs of each tourism activity experienced by different stakeholder groups (mainly by age and gender) vary, depending on different personal situations. iii The sustainable livelihoods framework was examined and used to assess the context and forms in which tourism might contribute to sustainable livelihood outcomes. Institutional processes and organizational structures are one main factor determining whether different assets, tangible and intangible, are accumulated or depleted on individual, household, and community scales. The comparison of the two cases revealed that, in the context of capitalist market economy in which people pursue the maximization of individual interests, the following situation is most likely to lead to sustainable outcome (socio-culturally, economically, and environmentally) in the context of indigenous communities. That is tourism enterprises need to be operated through institutions with a communal mechanism and through efficient operation of the communities’ organizations based on collective knowledge guided by Cou culture. Sustainable livelihood thinking is useful to the concept of sustainable development because it can be used as an analytical and practical tool for guiding studies of environment and development. It also serves as a means of integrating three modes of thinking: environmental thinking which stresses sustainability, development thinking which stresses production and growth, and livelihood thinking which stresses sustenance for the poor. The approach facilitates examination of the reality of aboriginal people and poor people in rural and remote areas. The approach focuses on the local impacts of change, recognizes the complexity of people’s lives, acknowledges that people have different and sometimes complex livelihood strategies and addresses benefits that are defined by the marginalized communities themselves. It acknowledges the dynamism of the factors that influence livelihoods: it recognizes that change occurs and people accommodate, learn from change and plan, adapt and respond to change. It focuses on accommodating traditional knowledge and skills to create conditions for marginalized communities to enhance their well-being. It assists in understanding that traditional knowledge and its innovation provide a basis for the development of coping mechanisms and adaptive strategies to buffer the forces which threaten livelihoods. The sustainable livelihood framework is useful because it places the interests of local people at the centre. Such an approach incorporates tourism as one component of development, particularly for indigenous people, and explores how positive development impacts can be expanded and negative ones can be reduced. However, unless supplemented, the framework may not do justice to the importance of culture and the prominent roles played by key individuals. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There were many individuals who have contributed to the completion of this dissertation. My first and greatest debt is to my supervisor, Dr. Geoffrey Wall. Thank you for your unflagging confidence, boundless support, and comprehensive perspective. Your assistance to me throughout this process in terms of providing ideas, reviewing chapters, and suggesting references was second to none. My second greatest debt is to the Alishan Cou people. Your kindness, friendship, care, and hospitality have indelibly touched my life and I thank-you all for welcoming me and sharing your lives with me. Many Cou friends greatly contributed to my invaluable learning experience. I am greatly indebted to Ms. Huey-Mei Wang, Mr. Chiou-Hei Yang, Ms. Jau- Chyn Luo, Mr. Jyh-Wei Yang, Ms. Jyh-Lan Yang, Mr. Lih-De Juang, Ms. Yu-Yann Li, and Mr. Jeng-Sheng Gau for making my stay feel like home. Through sharing your perspectives, I am touched by Cou wisdom of life and world view reflecting human virtue. My thanks extend to the members of the dissertation supervisory committee. Dr. Susan Wismer, my deep gratitude to your astute insight and sense of humour, your heuristic guidance and extensive experience gained from working with communities spurred me tremendously and deepened my thinking and analysis on this project. Dr. Leonard Tsuji, I much appreciate your insightful emphasis on taking indigenous people’s perspective. Thank- you, Dr. Brent Doberstein, for providing me with many great ideas to strengthen the dissertation. Thank you, Dr. Donald Reid, for placing my work in a broader context of development. For fieldwork undertaken in 2004 and 2005 in Taiwan, I am appreciative of Prof. Dr. Lin Yi- Jen of Providence University for establishing local contacts and offering institutional support and valuable advice for my field studies. Appreciation also goes to Prof. Dr. Wang, Ming- Huei of National Taiwan Normal University for his generous invitation to the 9th International Geographical Conference in Taiwan and provision of a number of secondary data that broaden my understanding of Cou culture and the place of tourism in the context of Cou society. Thank you also goes to Lynn Finch, an incredible women whose expertise and kindness I seek. Finally, I would like to dedicate this dissertation to my parents, Pei-Cheng Tao and Chuen- Ching Wang. I am forever grateful to you for your support in my overseas education. Also, my deepest thanks go to my friends. Yujun Chen deserves credit for keeping my life in balance throughout the long and tense process of writing and thinking. Hung Ren Wang and Jason Yang always provide technical and moral support. Without your constant encouragement, the dissertation could not have been completed. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Context, Rationale and Scope...........................................................1 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medical Tourism: the Critical Role Between Taiwan and Mainland China
    Archives of Health Science Review Article Medical Tourism: The Critical Role between Taiwan and Mainland China Hsiang-Chun Lin MS1,2, Kong-Sang Wan, MD, PhD*3,4 1Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan 2Department of Hotel Management, Jinwen University of Science and Technology Taiwan 3Department of Pediatrics, Country Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan 4Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital, Renai branch, Taiwan *Corresponding Author: Kong-Sang Wan, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Country Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan Abstract Recent evidence showed that the International Medical Tourism conference held in Shanghai reported there are 12million outbound medical tourists each year in the whole world, which increased about 15% to 25% per year. Databases were systematically searched between 2010 and 2012 and 60 papers were selected for review. (Fig.1, Fig.2). About 50-60 thousand Chinese go oversea for medical treatment not including the health examination and plastic surgery. Moreover, the target Asia countries are India and Thailand because they provide more cheaper medical services. There are lots of Chinese individuals came to Taiwan searching medical evaluation and therapy about that time. However, due to the political policy changed that the Chinese people are prohibited to come to Taiwan individually, therefore, the medical tourism were marked reduced. In the meantime, China tries to develop inbound and outbound medical tourism themselves and providing more cheaper and quality medical treatment and health examination. Key words: Medical tourism, benefits, risks, Political policy, Taiwan, China Figure1: Theoretical model of medical tourism decision-making. Note the unidirectional arrows which indicate the complexity of the relationships between the factors in the model.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geopolitics of Tourism: Mobilities, Territory, and Protest in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong
    Annals of the American Association of Geographers ISSN: 2469-4452 (Print) 2469-4460 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/raag21 The Geopolitics of Tourism: Mobilities, Territory, and Protest in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong Ian Rowen To cite this article: Ian Rowen (2016) The Geopolitics of Tourism: Mobilities, Territory, and Protest in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106:2, 385-393, DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1113115 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1113115 Published online: 19 Jan 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 76 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=raag21 Download by: [University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries] Date: 03 March 2016, At: 21:53 The Geopolitics of Tourism: Mobilities, Territory, and Protest in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong Ian Rowen Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder This article analyzes outbound tourism from mainland China to Hong Kong and Taiwan, two territories claimed by the People’s Republic of China, to unpack the geopolitics of the state and the everyday, to theorize the mutual constitution of the tourist and the nation-state, and to explore the role of tourism in new forms of protest and resistance. Based on ethnographies of tourism practices and spaces of resistance conducted between 2012 and 2015 and supported by ethnographic content analysis, this article demonstrates that tourism mobilities are entangled with shifting forms of sovereignty, territoriality, and bordering.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Taiwan's Tourism Market
    Visions in Leisure and Business Volume 16 Number 3 Article 3 1997 Trends in Taiwan's Tourism Market Kuan-Chou Chen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/visions Recommended Citation Chen, Kuan-Chou (1997) "Trends in Taiwan's Tourism Market," Visions in Leisure and Business: Vol. 16 : No. 3 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/visions/vol16/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Visions in Leisure and Business by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@BGSU. TRENDS INTAIW AN'S TOURISM MARKET BY DR. KUAN-CHOU CHEN, PRESIDENT KCC CONSULTING 1200 HAPPY HOLLOW RD. WEST LAFAYETTE, INDIANA 47906 ABSTRACT has an area of approximately 14,000 square miles. In 1979, Taiwans government relaxed the outbound travel market. The situations of Taiwan currentlyranks amongthe top dozen inbound and outbound travel market are trade countries in the world. In 1994, gradually changing. The number of out­ foreign trade earnings exceeded US$ 178 bound travelers exceeded inbound travelers billion. Per capita GNP was US$ 11,604, for the first time in 1989. With one of ranking Taiwan 23rd in the world. Foreign Asias highest economic growth rates, a huge exchange reserves equaled US$ 92.4 billion, accumulation of foreign exchange and which exceeded the reserves accumulated by appreciation on outbound travel, Taiwan has any other country in the world. As its become a source of outbound tourists economy has grown, both inbound and second in Asia only to Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Tourism Industry in East Taiwan
    Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Volume 2, Issue 1 (61-66) DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-02-2017-0108 A study of the tourism industry in East Taiwan SU-FANG WU∗, CHUN-CHIEH YANG, TIAN-CHEN CHANG, SHAO-CHI HSU Department of Social Work, Tajen University, Pintung, Taiwan Department of Recreation Management, Shih-Chien University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Department of Recreation and Sports Management, Tajen University, Pintung, Taiwan Institute of Leisure Business Administration, Tajen University, Pintung, Taiwan Abstract Hualien County is an area with magnificent views and a varied eco-friendly landscape in East Taiwan. An important issue is how to improve the local economy and the tourism industry in the right way. The purpose of this paper is to explore the best way to develop the local tourist industry. We focus on Hualien County as an example. The design of our qualitative research method is observation and archives analysis of relevant reports about the celebrated sightseeing area in Hualien. We used a SWOT analysis of the literature and plans to promote tourism. We found the local Government should coordinate the culture of festive activities, and give clear publicity to the events. Managing the tourism industry should use media. The development of the tourism industry should be improved by co-operation between government and entrepreneurs. The implication is that there may yet be unresolved conflicts between rapid expansion of tourism and preservation of unspoilt natural amenities of the landscape. Keywords: Industry, Satisfaction, Tourism, Culture Received: 21 December 2016 / Accepted: 10 January 2017 / Published: 22 February 2017 INTRODUCTION In recent years, the level of national economy has increased significantly, with growth in personal incomes and lifestyle changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Resource Management in the Hotel Industry in Taiwan.Pdf
    ABSTRACT This thesis examines contemporary human resource management (HRM) in the hotel industry in Taiwan. The hotel industry and the effective management of its human resources are of great economic significance for Taiwan, given the government’s plans for doubling the number of international arrivals between 2002 and 2008 (Tourism Bureau 2005b). Yet previous research on this topic is scarce, consisting of only four studies, three of them unpublished Master’s theses. Access to two of the studies is limited and all four studies have adopted a ‘single issue’ perspective in their investigation. This study has attempted a broader perspective, inviting exploration in an open-ended way of a range of contemporary issues and concerns. It also offers a literature review intended as a significant contribution in its own right, in its attempt to locate research helpful to the Taiwanese hotel industry. The specific aims of this study were to explore the way managers in the hotel industry are thinking about what they identify as concerns, the HRM issues and practices they perceive as important in employee management, and the future plans they have for HRM. The data were gathered from the manager which each hotel identified as being best placed to discuss these issues. Findings from this study are presented with interpretation and commentary offered to compare the themes raised in this study with those identified in the literature. i Given the high proportion of quantitative studies in hospitality industry research across the world (Lucas and Deery 2004), a qualitative method is utilised in this research and in-depth interviews were chosen as the main vehicle for data collection.
    [Show full text]
  • An Event Study of Chinese Tourists to Taiwan
    TI 2018-003/III Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper An Event Study of Chinese Tourists to Taiwan Chia-Lin Chang1,2 Shu-Han Hsu1 Michael McAleer3 1 Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan 2 Department of Finance, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan 3 Asia University, Taiwan Tinbergen Institute is the graduate school and research institute in economics of Erasmus University Rotterdam, the University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam. Contact: [email protected] More TI discussion papers can be downloaded at http://www.tinbergen.nl Tinbergen Institute has two locations: Tinbergen Institute Amsterdam Gustav Mahlerplein 117 1082 MS Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31(0)20 598 4580 Tinbergen Institute Rotterdam Burg. Oudlaan 50 3062 PA Rotterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31(0)10 408 8900 An Event Study of Chinese Tourists to Taiwan* Chia-Lin Chang Department of Applied economics Department of Finance National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Shu-Han Hsu Department of Applied economics National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Michael McAleer Department of Finance Asia University, Taiwan and Discipline of Business Analytics University of Sydney Business School, Australia and Econometric Institute, Erasmus School of Economics Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Quantitative Economics Complutense University of Madrid, Spain and Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University, Japan January 2018 * For financial support, the first author wishes to thank the National Science Council, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, and the third author acknowledges the Australian Research Council and the National Science Council, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan. 1 Abstract The number of Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan has been closely related to the political relationship across the Taiwan Strait.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk Spillovers in Returns for Chinese and International Tourists to Taiwan
    Risk Spillovers in Returns for Chinese and International Tourists to Taiwan Instituto Chia-Lin Chang Department of Applied Economics Department of Finance Complutense National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan de Análisis Económico Shu-Han Hsu Department of Applied Economics National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Michael McAleer Department of Finance Asia University, Taiwan and Discipline of Business Analytics University of Sydney Business School, Australia and Econometric Institute, Erasmus School of Economics Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands And Department of Economic Analysis and ICAE Complutense University of Madrid, Spain and Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University, Japan Abstract Fluctuations in the numbers of visitors directly affect the rates of return on tourism business activities. Therefore, maintaining a firm grasp of the relationship between the changes in the numbers of Chinese tourists and international travellers visiting Taiwan is conducive to the formulation of an effective and practical tourism strategy. Although the topic of international visitors to Taiwan is important, existing research has discussed the issue of the travel demand between Chinese tourists and international travellers visiting Taiwan. This paper is the first to examine the spillover effects between the rate of change in the numbers of Chinese tourist arrivals and the rate of change in the numbers of international traveller arrivals. Using daily data for Chinese tourists and international travellers visiting Taiwan over the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 October 2016, together with the Diagonal BEKK model, the paper analyses the co-volatility spillover effects between the rate of change in the numbers of international travellers and the rate of change in the numbers of Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia Doesn't Need Another Crisis
    Asia Doesn’t Need Another Crisis Beijing Should Not Overplay Its Hand in Cross-Strait Relations Rudy deLeon, Trevor Sutton, and Blaine Johnson January 24, 2018 Taiwan’s 2016 general election was a watershed in Taiwan’s domestic politics and a testament to the vibrancy of Taiwanese democracy. For the frst time in Taiwan’s modern history, a party other than the Kuomintang (KMT) won an absolute majority in the island’s legislature.1 Tat party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), also captured the executive branch when its presidential candidate, Tsai Ing-wen, received a decisive 56 percent of the popular vote.2 President Tsai’s victory made her Taiwan’s frst female head of state and the frst woman with no connection to a political dynasty to lead an East Asian government.3 Tsai’s successful “Light Up Taiwan” campaign#and the campaign of the DPP more broadly#drew strength from an energized youth vote frustrated with economic stagnation and eager for progressive domestic reforms.4 Tis new generation of voters represents a powerful force in Taiwanese politics that will continue to shape electoral outcomes for years to come. Te 2016 election also presented an opportunity for Taiwanese and mainland Chinese authorities to show a good-faith commitment to maintaining stable and constructive cross-Strait relations during an orderly transfer of power in Taipei. President Tsai’s predecessor, Ma Ying-jeou, presided over unprecedented growth in political, economic, and social connections between Taiwan and mainland China under his mantra of the three “no’s”#“no unifcation, no independence, and no use of force.”5 Te electoral success of President Tsai and the DPP, while driven by many factors, refected the majority of the Taiwanese people’s desire for a reorientation in Taiwan’s cross-Strait policy to beter acknowledge and protect their interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on the Organizational Function of Taiwan Council of Indigenous Peoples and the Promotion of Tribal Tourism
    Journal of Public Administration Volume 3, Issue 1, 2021, PP 11-18 ISSN 2642-8318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22259/2642-8318.0301002 Research on the Organizational Function of Taiwan Council of Indigenous Peoples and the Promotion of Tribal Tourism Wu-Long, Xu1, Shi-Hui, Pan2*, Ju-Cheng, Xiao3 1Lecture, College of News and Communication, Huanggang Normal University, China 2Professor, College of News and Communication, Huanggang Normal University, China 3Lecture, College of Art and Crafts, Putian University, Department of Fine Arts, Jeonbuk National University, Korea *Corresponding Author: Shi-Hui, Pan, Professor, College of News and Communication, Huanggang Normal University, China ABSTRACT This study uses qualitative methods to analyze the background, organizational structure, tourism development policies, and the role of Taiwan Council of Indigenous Peoples (TCIP) in promoting tribal tourism.1. The background of social movement after the lifting of martial law in Taiwan, together with the struggle of indigenous people for name rectification and anti- colonialism, contributed to the establishment of TCIP.(2) TCIP's organizational structure, staffing and budget are equivalent to the second tier of the Executive Yuan, and its main business overlaps with other departments.(3) Most of TCIP's tourism policies are stage policies, and most of them are subsidies.(4) TCIP has no substantive rights and is not the tourism business unit, so it is a role of assistance in promoting tribal tourism. Keywords: Taiwan Council of Indigenous Peoples (TCIP), government, tourism policy, organizational function. INTRODUCTION TCIP represents that the Taiwan government attaches great importance to the rights of In 1996, Taiwan established the Taiwan Council indigenous people, few studies have analyzed the of Indigenous Peoples (TCIP) in the Executive background of its establishment? What is its Yuan, which shows the change of the legal organizational structure? What are the policies for status of Taiwan indigenous people in society.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Tourism in Taiwan's Desinicized Nationalism
    Vol. 8 Nº2 págs. 277-292. 2010 www.pasosonline.org https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2010.08.020 Heritage Tourism in Taiwan’s Desinicized Nationalism Duarte B. Moraisii The Pennsylvania State University (EEUU) Su-Hsin Leeiii National Taiwan Normal University (Taiwan) Jing-Shoung Houiv Tung-Hai University (Taiwan) Chung-Hsien Linv Feng-Chia University (Taiwan) Careen M. Yarnalvi The Pennsylvania State University (EEUU) Garry Chickvii The Pennsylvania State University (EEUU) Abstract: In postmodern societies, the touristic consumption of symbols of identity contributes to the formation of national identities. The purpose of this study was to examine residents’ and tourists’ pers- pectives on the meanings attached to and impacts caused by heritage tourism development. Data col- lected through structured interviews and field observations in Lu-Kang, Taiwan revealed that the local heritage is seen as personally meaningful not only by local residents and culture brokers but also by domestic visitors. Tourism development is reported to bring economic and cultural revitalization but is also blamed for crowding, commercialization and environmental pollution. Lu-Kang, is thus a space for the dissemination of extant symbols of a Desinicized national identity; symbols that accentuate Taiwan’s history of colonization and ethnic diversity, and that situate the nation’s origin with the arrival of mi- grants from the Mainland. Key words: Nationalism; Heritage; Taiwanization. ii Associate Professor of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management. The Pennsylvania State University. 801 Ford, University Park, PA 16802. 814-865-5614. FAX.814-867-1751. E-mail: [email protected]. iii Professor of Geography. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
    [Show full text]
  • Familiar Strangers Afoot in Taiwan: the Competing Social Imaginaries of East Asian Tourists
    FAMILIAR STRANGERS AFOOT IN TAIWAN: THE COMPETING SOCIAL IMAGINARIES OF EAST ASIAN TOURISTS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANTHROPOLOGY MAY 2012 By CHEN, Chien-Yuan Dissertation Committee: Christine Yano, Chairperson Andrew Arno Geoffrey White Ming-Bao Yue David Y.H. Wu Keywords: Taiwan, Intra-Asia Tourism, Familiar Strangers. Social Imaginaries, Chineseness, Residual Culture i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Since the very beginning of my enrollment in the UH anthropology department in fall 2007, I have dreamt of the coming of this day and of how I should present the bitter-sweet experiences of my postgraduate and research life in Hawai’i. The day has come and what has most occupied my mind is not really how I have struggled but how I have being helped. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to the many people who have given me such strong support emotionally and academically, any time I felt lost or exhausted. The warm support of faculty, friends, and informants has helped me to overcome numerous difficulties. First, I appreciate the great patience and generous help of my dissertation committee members. Dr. Christine Yano, a wonderful and energetic mentor, has not only advised me on my academic work but also presented me with the template for an exceptional anthropologist. Dr. Geoffrey White’s considerable knowledge about both cultural tourism and research methodology proved fundamental to the formation of my research concerns. Dr. Ming- BaoYue’s guidance in the arena of cultural studies always brought me valuable insight into my fieldwork in China.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Indigenous Tribe Tourism Development in Taiwan - Case by Saisiyat Baguali
    A Study of Indigenous Tribe Tourism Development in Taiwan - Case by Saisiyat Baguali Chiu-hui Hung, Department of Tourism, Leisure and Entertainment Management, Tatung Institute of Technology, Taiwan ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to analyze the indigenous tribes living in transition from the traditional to the development of tourism of change, and to explore the development of tourism tribal elements, as well as tourists to the resort's main motivation for the tribe. This study used qualitative methods to investigate, through a literature review, field observations and interviews, after the collation and analysis this study has the following findings: 1. Tribal tourism development requires the establishment of the organization, and the common development of integrated strength of the residents; 2. Tribal tourism development can take advantage of to help government agencies and academic institutions; 3. Tribal residents can friendly reception tourists; 4. Tribe need to internal and external integration tribe tourism resources, to develop into a complete tourist product; 5. Tribes can offer tourists a real aboriginal cultural experience; 6. In tribe internal need support catering and accommodation facilities as well as good service. Based on the above findings, this studies not only to make recommendations on the operations of the tribe to develop tourism, but also for the future direction of research researchers have proposed. Keywords: indigenous tourism, tribe tourism, aboriginal cultural, experiences, attractions INTRODUCTION Recent years, due to the booming tourism industry in Taiwan, people gradually switch from mass tourism to thematic tourism. According to the Taiwan Tourism Bureau’s survey show that the average number of domestic tourism was 6.87 times per person, and the times of domestic tourism were 142,070,000 times, moreover, if take children under 12 years old into consider, the total times of domestic tourism were approximately 164,830,000 times in 2012.
    [Show full text]