DOCSLIB.ORG

Cesticilinetcestoda) on Growing Chickens and Observations on the Development of the Cysticercoid of R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cesticilinetcestoda) on Growing Chickens and Observations on the Development of the Cysticercoid of R STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF THE FOWL HELMINTHS ASCARIDIA GALLI (NEMATODA) AND RAILLIETINA CESTICILINETCESTODA) ON GROWING CHICKENS AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CYSTICERCOID OF R. CESTICILLUS by Charles Louis Wisseman, Jr. B. A., Southern Methodist University, 1941 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Zoology KANSAS STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE 1943 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I. STUDIES ON SOME EFFECTS OF THE ROUNDWORM, ASCARIDIA GALLI ON GROWING CHICKENS INTRODUCTION 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4 EXPERIMENTAL DATA 5 DISCUSSION 9 SUMMARY 10 LITERATURE CITED 12 PART II. ON THE EFFECTS OF THE FOWL TAPEWORM RAILLIETINA CESTICILLUS (MOLIN) ON, GROWING CHICKENS INTRODUCTION 13 MATERIALS AND METHODS 13 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 18 EXPERIMENTAL DATA 20 DISCUSSION 27 SUMMARY 28 LITERATURE CITED 30 PART III. STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CYSTICERCOID OF THE FOWL TAPEWORM RAILLIETINA CESTICILLUS (MOLIN) INTRODUCTION 32 MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 33 DISCUSSION OF OBSERVATIONS 34 SUMMARY 39 LITERATURE CITED 39 EXPLANATION OF PLATES 40 STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF THE FOWL HELMINTHS ASCARIDIA GALLI (NEMATODA) AND RAILLIETINA CESTICILLUS ON GROWING CHICKENS AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CYSTICERCOID OF R. CESTICILLUS PART I. STUDIES ON SOME EFFECTS OF THE ROUNDWORM, ASCARIDIA GALLI ON GROWING CHICKENS INTRODUCTION Recent advances in nutritional requirements of chickens and the relation of the nutritional status of the host to parasitism have instigated new, significant investigations into the actual effects of certain helminths upon fowls. The observable effects of light parasitism on chickens pro- vided with an adequate diet promised to be an interesting problem of practical importance. The present investigation is a study on some effects of a light infection with the roundworm Ascaridia galli on growing chicks receiving a diet known to be sufficient for normal growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Day-old single comb White Leghorn chicks purchased from a commercial hatchery were placed in brooders in a tightly screened room. Food and water were kept before them at all times during the experiment except for short periods before weighing and taking samples for blood sugar analyses. In these cases only feed was removed from the batteries. Feed consisted of the Kansas State College Poultry Farm all-pur- pose mash containing the following proportions of ingredients, (in pounds): 3 Ground corn 200 Ground oats 200 Shorts 200 Bran 100 Soy bean meal 100 Alfalfa meal 100 Meat scraps 70 Ground limestone 20 Salt 10 Cod-liver oil 4 At the age of 23 days the chicks were weighed after a 24-hour starvation period. They were then divided into two groups of 15 chicks each matched closely according to weight, one group to be parasitized and the other to be kept as controls. Sex was not recorded. On the following day approximately 200 embryonated eggs of Ascaridia galls from cultures were fed to each chick of the parasitized group. Eggs taken from the cultures with a capillary pipette and placed on an ordinary glass slide in a small drop of water were observed and counted with the aid of a compound microscope. Only completely embryo- nated eggs showing no degeneration were tabulated. They were removed from the slides with small bits of filter paper which were subsequently inserted into the chick's esophagus and washed down with water. On the 14th day after infection while the larvae were still associated with the intestinal mucosa, a 0.5 to 1.0 ml blood sample was taken from the wing veins of each chick in both groups previously starved for 12 to 24 hours. The samples were stored in small test tubes containing enough powdered sodium citrate to prevent clotting. All samples were analysed for blood sugar within three hours after they had been taken. 4 Hemoglobin was estimated with the New Dare Hemoglobinometer. The ceric sulfate microtitration method of Miller and Van Slyke (1936) was utilized to determine blood sugar, dupli- cate samples being analysed in each case. Weights were recorded on the days preceding the analyses. Four weeks after infection the chicks were subjected again to the same series of tests. At the termination of the experiment all chicks of both groups were killed and examined for worms. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Though considerable investigation has been made on the effects of various conditions of the host with respect to age, diet, and physical condition on the number and size of the worm, Ascaridia galli, the evidence available concerning the effects of the worm on the host is rather limited. Ackert and Titus (1924) reported a significant difference in the blood sugar of parasitized and unparasitized chicks two weeks after infection, the blood sugar of the parasitized group being lower than that of the control group. Then Ackert (1924) found the thymus glands of parasitized chicks smaller than those of control chicks. Later, Ackert and Otto (1927) in studies on the effects of parasitism with A. galli on the thyroid gland did not find any significant differences. In rather extensive studies on the growth rates of chickens parasitized with A. galli and unparasitized chicks, Ackert and Herrick (1928) showed a significant retardation of growth in the infected chicks during a period of two to four weeks after infection. 5 The difference corresponded to the period in which the worms were closely associated with tree intestinal mucosa. however, sometimes at the end of eight weeks after parasitism, there was a greater gain in weight by the parasitized chicks. Rather heavy infections were used in this study with as many as 2000 eggs fed to one chick. Clapham (1937) described some lesions associated with severe infections of Ascaridia larvae. She found the fowls emaciated and showing a severe enteritis. The mucous membranes were covered with petechial hemorrhages and the gut contents consisted mainly of bloody mucus. Large numbers of larvae were present. Pratt (1940 and 1941) found that severe coccidiosis caused a marked rise in blood sugar by the sixth day after infection. The increase in blood sugar was associated with a decrease of glycogen in the liver and muscles. Withdrawal of large quan- tities of blood from the nearts of normal chickens produced a rise in blood sugar of approximately the same magnitude as did coccidiosis in other chickens. Ackert (1942) reviewed the factors known to influence the natural resistance to helminth infections including dietary factors among numerous others. However, in most of the inves- tigations reviewed, resistance was studied by observing the effects of diverse experimental conditions upon the worms. EXPERIMENTAL DATA Both parasitized and unparasitized groups were weighed 6 three times in the experiment. The data obtained from the weighings are included in Table 1. During the first two weeks after infection the difference in average weight gained by both groups was 3.7 g, only 1.63 times the standard error. Thus, this difference could have occurred readily by chance. The same applies to the average gain in weight over that of the second two weeks when the difference of 2.9 g is only 0.17 times the standard error. Considering the average gain in weight for both groups over the entire period of four weeks, one finds that the difference of 10.5 g between means could have occurred by chance since it is only 0.42 times the standard error. Blood sugar was determined twice during the experiment: at two and four weeks after infection. The data obtained for each chick are recorded in Table 2. The difference between the means at the end of two weeks was 4.0 mg per 100 ml of blood, which is 0.44 times the standard error. At the end of four weeks the difference can be considered non-significant since it is well within the limits allowed by chance. The only hemoglobin analyses (Table 2) were made two weeks after infection. The mean value of the parasitized group was 0.4 g/100 ml higher than the control group. Since this difference is only 0.60 times the standard error, it cannot be considered significant. Autopsy revealed an average of 17.9 worms per chick in the parasitized group with numbers varying from one to 46. No parasites were found in any of the control chicks. 7 Table 1. Comparison of growth in parasitized and control chicks. Chick Wt. (g) Wt. (g) Gain (g) Wt. (g) Gain (g) Total gain No. 4-8-42 4-22-42 5-6-42 (g) Control group A-1727 145 227 82 407 130 262 A-1732 184 313 129 528 215 344 A-1733 189 314 125 551 237 362 A-1734 182 288 106 496 208 314 A-1736 122 204 82 395 191 273 A-1739 159 248 89 437 189 279 A-1740 180 274 94 418 144 238 A-1744 159 275 116 448 173 289 A-1746 165 266 101 455 189 290 A-1747 139 194 55 336 142 197 A-1749 160 270 110 474 204 314 A-1751 176 277 101 515 238 339 A-1752 190 308 118 525 217 335 A-1753 198 316 118 520 204 322 A-1758 204 306 102 532 226 328 Average 170.0 272.0 101.9 469.1 193.8 299.0 Parasitized group A-1726 180 274 94 464 190 284 A-1728 190 277 87 270 193 280 A-1729 214 332 118 552 220 238 A-1730 115 214 99 388 174 273 A-1731 164 275 111 489 214 325 A-1735 142 262 120 478 216 336 A-1737 178 265 87 496 231 318 A-1741 159 239 80 413 174 254 A-1742 170 283 113 460 177 290 A-1743 135 232 97 439 207 304 A-1745 145 208 63 338 130 193 A-1750 204 320 116 541 221 337 A-1754 182 277 95 487 210 305 A-1755 188 300 112 517 217 329 A-1759 159 241 82 421 180 262 Average 169.0 268.0 98.2 463.0 190.9 288.5 Difference 3.7 2.9 10.5 8 Table 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Studies on the Systematics of the Cestodes Infecting the Emu
    10F z ú 2 n { Studies on the systematics of the cestodes infecting the emu, Dromaíus novuehollandiue (Latham' 1790) l I I Michael O'Callaghan Department of Environmental Biology School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The llniversity of Adelaide Frontispiece. "Hammer shaped" rostellar hooks of Raillietina dromaius. Scale bars : l0 pm. a DEDICATION For mum and for all of the proficient scientists whose regard I value. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 1-11 Declaration lll Acknowledgements lV-V Publication arising from this thesis (see Appendices H, I, J). Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Generalintroduction 1 1.2 Thehost, Dromaius novaehollandiae(Latham, 1790) 2 1.3 Cestodenomenclature J 1.3.1 Characteristics of the family Davaineidae 4 I.3.2 Raillietina Fuhrmann, 1909 5 1.3.3 Cotugnia Diamare, 1893 7 t.4 Cestodes of emus 8 1.5 Cestodes from other ratites 8 1.6 Records of cestodes from emus in Australia 10 Chapter 2. GENERAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Cestodes 11 2.2 Location of emu farms 11 2.3 Collection of wild emus 11 2.4 Location of abattoirs 12 2.5 Details of abattoir collections T2 2.6 Drawings and measurements t3 2.7 Effects of mounting medium 13 2.8 Terminology 13 2.9 Statistical analyeis 1.4 Chapter 3. TAXONOMY OF THE CESTODES INFECTING STRUTHIONIFORMES IN AUSTRALIA 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Material examined 3.2.1 Australian Helminth Collection t6 3.2.2 Parasitology Laboratory Collection, South Australian Research and Development Institute 17 3.2.3 Material collected at abattoirs from farmed emus t7 J.J Preparation of cestodes 3.3.1
    [Show full text]
  • Health Risk Assessment for the Introduction of Eastern Wild Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo Silvestris) Into Nova Scotia
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center Newsletters & Publications for April 2004 Health risk assessment for the introduction of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) into Nova Scotia A.S. Neimanis F.A. Leighton Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmccwhcnews Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Neimanis, A.S. and Leighton, F.A., "Health risk assessment for the introduction of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) into Nova Scotia" (2004). Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters & Publications. 48. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmccwhcnews/48 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters & Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Health risk assessment for the introduction of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) into Nova Scotia A.S. Neimanis and F.A. Leighton 30 April 2004 Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre Department of Veterinary Pathology Western College of Veterinary Medicine 52 Campus Dr. University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5B4 Tel: 306-966-7281 Fax: 306-966-7439 [email protected] [email protected] 1 SUMMARY This health risk assessment evaluates potential health risks associated with a proposed introduction of wild turkeys to the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia. The preferred source for the turkeys would be the Province of Ontario, but alternative sources include the northeastern United States from Minnesota eastward and Tennessee northward.
    [Show full text]
  • (Raillietina) Celebensis (Janicki, 1902), (Cestoda) in Man from Australia, with a Critical Survey of Previous Gases
    Journal of Helminthology, Vol. XXX, Not. 2/3.1056, pp. 173-182. The First Record of Raillietina (Raillietina) celebensis (Janicki, 1902), (Cestoda) in Man from Australia, with a Critical Survey of Previous Gases By JEAN G. BAER and DOROTHEA F. SANDARS* University of Nenchdtel Amongst material sent by Dr. M. J. Mackerras of the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, to one of us for identifica- tion were (a) a number of gravid proglottides collected from the faeces of a twenty-month old child from Brisbane, Australia, and (b) tapeworms from the duodenum of rats identified as Rattus assimilis Gould, from Mt. Glorious, South Queensland. They were all collected in 1955. Although only ripe proglottides were recovered from the child, these have been identified as Raillietina {Raillietina) celebensis (Janicki, 1902) on the basis of the position of the genital pore which is, in each proglottid, close to the anterior border. The cirrus pouch is 137 to 160/* long and 46 to 69/x in diameter. Each egg-capsule contains 1 to 4 eggs, 34 to 46/i in diameter. The proglottides have a markedly torulose appearance and are 1 to 2 mm. long and 0.75 to 1.2 mm. wide (Fig. B). Among the cestodes from rats, were several complete worms identified as Raillietina (R.) celebensis (Janicki, 1902). These are 35 to 175 mm. in length, with a maximum width of 1.4 to 1.75 mm. The scolex, which is 274 to 411 [A long and 480 to 803 (x in diameter, bears four suckers each 114 to 183/x in diameter and with a number of very minute spines on the inside walls.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Poultry Parasites
    FAO Animal Health Manual No. 4 EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF POULTRY PARASITES Anders Permin Section for Parasitology Institute of Veterinary Microbiology The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Copenhagen, Denmark Jorgen W. Hansen FAO Animal Production and Health Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1998 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-27 ISBN 92-5-104215-2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. C) FAO 1998 PREFACE Poultry products are one of the most important protein sources for man throughout the world and the poultry industry, particularly the commercial production systems have experienced a continuing growth during the last 20-30 years. The traditional extensive rural scavenging systems have not, however seen the same growth and are faced with serious management, nutritional and disease constraints. These include a number of parasites which are widely distributed in developing countries and contributing significantly to the low productivity of backyard flocks.
    [Show full text]
  • An Outbreak of Intestinal Obstruction by Ascaridia Galli in Broilers in Minas Gerais ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
    Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola ISSN 1516-635X Oct - Dec 2019 / v.21 / n.4 / 001-006 An Outbreak of Intestinal Obstruction by Ascaridia Galli in Broilers in Minas Gerais http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1072 Original Article Author(s) ABSTRACT Torres ACDI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-6517 Industrial broilers raised on helminthic medication-free feed were Costa CSI https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0701-1733 diagnosed with a severe disease caused by Ascaridia galli, characterized Pinto PNI https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7577-1879 by intestinal hemorrhage and obstruction. A. galli was identified based Santos HAII https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-3591 Amarante AFIII https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-2282 on the morphological features of the nematode. Broilers were raised Gómez SYMI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5591 for a longer period (63 days) for weight recovery, grouped as stunted Resende MI (n=500), had low body score and had fetid diarrhea. The duodenum- Martins NRSI https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-2228 jejunum segment was the most severely affected with obstruction and I Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Escola had localized accumulation of gas. The intestinal mucosa was severely de Veterinária - Medicina Veterinária Preventiva - Campus Pampulha da UFMG - Belo Horizonte, congested with petechial and suffusive hemorrhages. The outbreak Minas Gerais, Brazil. resulted in morbidity of about 10% and mortality of up to 4% and II Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de was associated to the absence of preventive medication on feed and Minas Gerais, Brasil.
    [Show full text]
  • A Parasite of Red Grouse (Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus)
    THE ECOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TRICHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS (NEMATODA), A PARASITE OF RED GROUSE (LAGOPUS LAGOPUS SCOTICUS) A thesis submitted to the University of Leeds in fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By HAROLD WATSON (B.Sc. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne) Department of Pure and Applied Biology, The University of Leeds FEBRUARY 198* The red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus I ABSTRACT Trichostrongylus tenuis is a nematode that lives in the caeca of wild red grouse. It causes disease in red grouse and can cause fluctuations in grouse pop ulations. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to study aspects of the ecology of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis, and also certain aspects of the pathology and immunology of red grouse and chickens infected with this nematode. The survival of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis was found to decrease as temperature increased, at temperatures between 0-30 C? and larvae were susceptible to freezing and desiccation. The lipid reserves of the infective-stage larvae declined as temperature increased and this decline was correlated to a decline in infectivity in the domestic chicken. The occurrence of infective-stage larvae on heather tips at caecal dropping sites was monitored on a moor; most larvae were found during the summer months but very few larvae were recovered in the winter. The number of larvae recovered from the heather showed a good correlation with the actual worm burdens recorded in young grouse when related to food intake. Examination of the heather leaflets by scanning electron microscopy showed that each leaflet consists of a leaf roll and the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis migrate into the humid microenvironment' provided by these leaf rolls.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment Studies of the Life Cycle of Raillietina Cesticillus, Choanotaenia Infundibulum and Hymenolepis Carioca
    Establishment Studies of the life cycle of Raillietina cesticillus, Choanotaenia infundibulum and Hymenolepis carioca. By Hanan Dafalla Mohammed Ahmed B.V.Sc., 1989, University of Khartoum Supervisor: Dr. Suzan Faysal Ali A thesis submitted to the University of Khartoum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Veterinary Science Department of Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum May 2003 1 Dedication To soul of whom, I missed very much, to my brothers and sisters 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank and praise, the merciful, the beneficent, the Almighty Allah for his guidance throughout the period of the study. My appreciation and unlimited gratitude to Prof. Elsayed Elsidig Elowni, my first supervisor for his sincere, valuable discussion, suggestions and criticism during the practical part of this study. I wish to express my indebtedness and sincere thankfulness to my current supervisor Dr. Suzan Faysal Ali for her keen guidance, valuable assistance and continuous encouragement. I acknowledge, with gratitude, much help received from Dr. Shawgi Mohamed Hassan Head, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum. I greatly appreciate the technical assistance of Mr. Hassan Elfaki Eltayeb. Thanks are also extended to the technicians, laboratory assistants and laborers of Parasitology Department. I wish to express my sincere indebtedness to Prof. Faysal Awad, Dr. Hassan Ali Bakhiet and Dr. Awad Mahgoub of Animal Resources Research Corporation, Ministry of Science and Technology, for their continuous encouragement, generous help and support. I would like to appreciate the valuable assistance of Dr. Musa, A. M. Ahmed, Dr. Fathi, M. A. Elrabaa and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources of Infection Diversity of Parasites
    11/22/2016 Parasites Past and Future: Anticipating Emerging Disease Risks for the Poultry Industry Dr. Jeb Owen Department of Entomology Washington State University Sources of Infection • Soil and Feces • Bird‐to‐Bird Contact • Infrastructure • Vectors “Past” Parasites and Pathogens Diversity of Parasites • Coccidia Nematodes: 14 species infective to chickens • Tapeworms – Ascaridia galli – Capillaria caudinflata • Roundworms – Capillaria contorta – Capillaria obsignata – Cheilospirura hamulosa • Sticktight fleas – Dispharynx nasuta – Gongylonema ingluvicola • Chicken mites – Heterakis gallinarum – Oxyspirura mansoni • Lice – Strongyloides avium – Subulura brumpti • Bed bugs – Syngamus trachea – Tetrameres americana • Argasid ticks – Trichostrongylus tenuis Cestodes (tapeworms): 5 species infective to chickens • Mosquitoes – Choanotaenia infundibulum – Davainea proglottina • Pox virus – Raillietina cesticillus – Raillietina echinobothrida • Avian influenza virus – Raillietina tetragona 1 11/22/2016 Southern Diversity of Parasites California Nematodes: 14 species infective to chickens Study ‐ UCR – Ascaridia galli – Capillaria caudinflata – Capillaria contorta – Capillaria obsignata – Cheilospirura hamulosa – Dispharynx nasuta – Gongylonema ingluvicola – Heterakis gallinarum – Oxyspirura mansoni – Strongyloides avium – Subulura brumpti Amy Murillo – Syngamus trachea – Tetrameres americana – Trichostrongylus tenuis Cestodes (tapeworms): 5 species infective to chickens – Choanotaenia infundibulum – Davainea proglottina – Raillietina cesticillus
    [Show full text]
  • Blackhead Disease in Poultry Cecal Worms Carry the Protozoan That Causes This Disease
    Integrated Pest Management Blackhead Disease in Poultry Cecal worms carry the protozoan that causes this disease By Dr. Mike Catangui, Ph.D., Entomologist/Parasitologist Manager, MWI Animal Health Technical Services In one of the most unique forms of disease transmissions known to biology, the cecal worm (Heterakis gallinarum) and the protozoan (Histomonas meleagridis) have been interacting with birds (mainly turkeys and broiler breeders) to perpetuate a serious disease called Blackhead (histomoniasis) in poultry. Also involved are earthworms and house flies that can transmit infected cecal worms to the host birds. Histomoniasis eventually results in fatal injuries to the liver of affected turkeys and chickens; the disease is also called enterohepatitis. Importance Blackhead disease of turkey was first documented in [Fig. 1] are parasites of turkeys, chickens and other the United States about 125 years ago in Rhode Island birds; Histomonas meleagridis probably just started as a (Cushman, 1893). It has since become a serious limiting parasite of cecal worms before it evolved into a parasite factor of poultry production in the U.S.; potential mortalities of turkey and other birds. in infected flocks can approach 100 percent in turkeys and 2. The eggs of the cecal worms (containing the histomonad 20 percent in chickens (McDougald, 2005). protozoan) are excreted by the infected bird into the poultry barn litter and other environment outside the Biology host; these infective cecal worm eggs are picked up by The biology of histomoniasis is quite complex as several ground-dwelling organisms such as earthworms, sow- species of organisms can be involved in the transmission, bugs, grasshoppers, and house flies.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of a New Species Fuhrmannetta Jurubatensis N. Sp
    Journal of Helminthology Description of a new species Fuhrmannetta jurubatensis n. sp. (Cestoda, Davaineidae) cambridge.org/jhl from Cerradomys goytaca Tavares, Pessôa & Gonçalves, 2011 (Rodentia, Cricetidae) Research Paper 1 1 2 Cite this article: Oliveira LC, Oliveira FCR, L.C. Oliveira , F.C.R. Oliveira and N.B. Ederli Ederli NB. Description of a new species 1 Fuhrmannetta jurubatensis n. sp. (Cestoda, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Davaineidae) from Cerradomys goytaca Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, 28013-602 and Tavares, Pessôa & Gonçalves, 2011 (Rodentia, 2Instituto do Noroeste Fluminense de Educação Superior (INFES), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Cricetidae). Journal of Helminthology https:// Av. João Jasbick, s/n, Aeroporto, Santo Antônio de Pádua, RJ, Brazil, 28.470-000 doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X17000773 Received: 5 April 2017 Abstract Accepted: 31 July 2017 A new species of cestode of the genus Fuhrmannetta found in the small intestine of Author for correspondence: Cerradomys goytaca is described herein, named Fuhrmannetta jurubatensis n. sp. Rodents N.B. Ederli, E-mail: [email protected] were collected from the sand-plains areas of the northern coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Morphological analyses were conducted by light and scanning electron micros- copy. From the morphological analysis and a comparison with the known species of the genus, F. jurubatensis n. sp. can be identified by a combination of morphological and morpho- metrical characteristics, including strobila length, number and length of rostellar hooks, pos- ition of the genital pore and the number of eggs per uterine capsule.
    [Show full text]
  • A Parasitological Evaluation of Edible Insects and Their Role in the Transmission of Parasitic Diseases to Humans and Animals
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A parasitological evaluation of edible insects and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to humans and animals 1 2 Remigiusz GaøęckiID *, Rajmund Soko ø 1 Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland, 2 Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract From 1 January 2018 came into force Regulation (EU) 2015/2238 of the European Parlia- ment and of the Council of 25 November 2015, introducing the concept of ªnovel foodsº, including insects and their parts. One of the most commonly used species of insects are: OPEN ACCESS mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), house crickets (Acheta domesticus), cockroaches (Blatto- Citation: Gaøęcki R, SokoÂø R (2019) A dea) and migratory locusts (Locusta migrans). In this context, the unfathomable issue is the parasitological evaluation of edible insects and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to role of edible insects in transmitting parasitic diseases that can cause significant losses in humans and animals. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0219303. their breeding and may pose a threat to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219303 identify and evaluate the developmental forms of parasites colonizing edible insects in Editor: Pedro L. Oliveira, Universidade Federal do household farms and pet stores in Central Europe and to determine the potential risk of par- Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL asitic infections for humans and animals.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey Into the Prevalence of Parasitic Helminths in Broiler Breeders Anita Sarathi University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
    Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences Volume 5 Article 18 Fall 2004 A survey into the prevalence of parasitic helminths in broiler breeders Anita Sarathi University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Tom Yazwinski University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Chris Tucker University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Jennifer Robins University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/discoverymag Part of the Animal Diseases Commons, Animal Studies Commons, and the Poultry or Avian Science Commons Recommended Citation Sarathi, Anita; Yazwinski, Tom; Tucker, Chris; and Robins, Jennifer (2004) "A survey into the prevalence of parasitic helminths in broiler breeders," Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences. University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. 5:84-87. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/discoverymag/vol5/iss1/18 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Discovery, The tudeS nt Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A survey into the prevalence of parasitic helminths in broiler breeders Anita Sarathi*, T.A. Yazwinski†,C.Tucker§, and J. Robins‡ ABSTRACT A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of helminth infections in spent broiler breed- ers. Intestinal tracts from 10 birds from each of five farms were obtained and examined for parasite identification and quantification. Heterakis gallinarum infections were the most common, followed in order of decreasing incidence by Capillaria obsignata, Ascaridia galli, and Raillietina cesticillus.
    [Show full text]