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Prevalence and Morphological Studies of Gastrointestinal Helminths of Backyard Chicken in Bangladesh

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Prevalence and Morphological Studies of Gastrointestinal Helminths of Backyard Chicken in Bangladesh PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF BACKYARD CHICKEN IN BANGLADESH S. M. ABDULLAH DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY SHER-E-BANGLA NAGAR, DHAKA-1207 JUNE, 2019 PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF BACKYARD CHICKEN IN BANGLADESH BY S. M. ABDULLAH REGISTRATION NUMBER: 12-04875 A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) IN PARASITOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY SEMESTER: JAN-JUN/2019 APPROVED BY Dr. Uday Kumar Mohanta Dr. Mohammad Saiful Islam (Rasel) Supervisor Co-Supervisor Chairman & Associate Professor Chairman & Associate Professor Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 Dr. Uday Kumar Mohanta Chairman of Examination Committee Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 MEMO NO: SAU/ CERTIFICATE This is To cerTify ThaT The Thesis enTiTled “PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF BACKYARD CHICKEN IN BANGLADESH” submiTTed To The Department of microbiology and parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Parasitology, embodies the result of a piece of bona fide research work carried out by S. M. ABDULLAH, Registration No. 12-04875 under my supervision and guidance. No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. I further certify that any help or source of information, received during the course of this investigation has been duly acknowledged. Date: May, 2019 Dr. Uday Kumar Mohanta Supervisor Place: Dhaka, Bangladesh Chairman & Associate Professor Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises are due to the Almighty God, who enables the author to complete the present research work and to submit the thesis for the degree of Masters of Science (M.S.) in Parasitology under the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. The author deems it as a great privilege to express his gratitude, sincere appreciation, indebtedness and best regards to his respected teacher and research supervisor Dr. Uday Kumar Mohanta, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka for his enthusiastic vision, encouragement, guidance, co-operation and constructive criticism in making this research successful and preparing the thesis. It gives the author a great pleasure in expressing his sincere gratitude and deepest sense of appreciation to his respectable teacher and co- supervisor Dr. Mohammad Saiful Islam (Rasel), Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka for his sincere encouragement, valuable advices, kind co-operation, helpful suggestions and instructions to conduct research work and improve the thesis. The author also desires to express his sincere gratitude and appreciation to his honorable teacher Md. Hazzaz Bin Kabir, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka for his encouragement, invaluable suggestions and sympathetic co-operation throughout the MS course and research works. The author feels proud to express gratefulness all the staffs of this Department for their co-operation. The author likes to pay special thanks to Amrito Barman, Md. Yakub Ali, Shah Jungy Ibna Karim for their immense help. The author also expresses his cordial gratitude to all MS students, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology for their kind cooperation throughout the research period. The author gratefully acknowledges the authority of Ministry of Science and technology, Govt. of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, for their financial support through NST fellowship to conduct the research works. Deepest sense of gratitude and indebtedness are due to his beloved parents who sacrificed their happiness not only during the study period but also for the whole period of the author’s life. The Author i LIST OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i LIST OF CONTENTS ii-iii LIST OF FIGURES iv-v LIST OF TABLES vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS vi ABSTRACT vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-3 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-19 2.1 Previous work on Ascaridia galli 4 2.2 Previous work on Heterakis gallinarum 6 2.3 Previous work on Raillietina tetragona 9 2.4 Previous work on Echinostoma revolutum 12 2.5 Previous work on Catatropis verrucosa 14 2.6 Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of 15 poultry CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 20-21 3.1 Sampling area 20 3.2 Collection of samples 20 3.3 Processing of cestodes and trematodes 21 3.4 Processing of nematodes 21 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22-43 RESULTS 22-33 4.1 Morphological observation 22 4.1.1 Morphology of A. galli 22-24 4.1.2 Morphology of H. gallinarum 25-26 4.1.3 Morphology of R. tetragona 27-28 4.1.4 Morphology of C. verrucosa 29-30 4.1.5 Morphology of E. revolutum 31-33 ii LIST OF CONTENTS (CONT’D) CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. 4.2 Prevalence 34-38 4.2.1 Overall prevalence of helminths in 34 backyard chicken 4.2.2 Prevalence of helminths in different 35 geography 4.2.3 Organ Preferences of 36 gastrointestinal helminths 4.2.4 Single and mixed type of infection 38 DISCUSSION 39-43 CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 44 REFERENCES 45-53 iii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 1 Different body parts of A. galli, A. Gross sample of A. 23-24 galli. B. Anterior part of the parasite; the black arrow indicates the lips and the blue lines indicate the papillae on the lips. C. Cuticular striation. D. Posterior part of the female; the black line indicates anal opening. E. Posterior part of the male (4X). F. Posterior part of the male (10X); the black lines indicate the unequal spicules and the block arrow indicates the precloacal or preanal sucker. G. Uterus of the female. 2 Different body parts of H. gallinarum, A. Slightly 26 curved head end. B. Anterior part of the parasite; the black arrow indicates the lips and the blue arrow indicates the bulb shaped esophagus. C. Bulb shaped esophagus in high magnification (40X). D. Vulvar opening of the female (the black line). E. Posterior part of the male (10X); the black arrow shows the preanal sucker and the black line shows the unequal spicules. F. Multiple eggs in the uterus of female. 3 Different body parts of R. tetragona. A. Gross sample of 28 parasite after collection. B. Anterior part of the parasite (10X); the blue arrow indicates rostellum and the “*” indicate the suckers. C. Scolex in high magnification (40X); D. The broad segment having common genital pores on each (black arrows); Each mature proglottid has a set of reproductive organ in the middle part. 4 Different body parts of C. verrucosa. A. Whole fluke 30 under 4X magnification; the black arrow indicates the oral sucker, the blue arrows indicate caecal bifurcation and the broken line indicates the cirrus sac. B. Uterine loops (18 in numbers) of the parasite (10X); both side of the loops covered by vitellaria. C. Cup shape oral sucker (10X); D. The reproductive organs of parasites; the blue arrows indicate testes and the block arrows indicates the ovary. iv LIST OF FIGURES (CONT’D) FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 5 Different body parts of E. revolutum. A. Gross sample of 32-33 the fluke occurring c-shaped. B. Anterior part of the fluke; the black arrow indicates the oral sucker and the broken line indicates the ventral sucker. C. Posterior part of the; the black arrow indicates the ovary and the broken lines indicate the testes. D. Oral sucker with short esophagus (white block arrow) and caecal bifurcation. E. The 37 spines are distinct around the oral sucker. F. Numerous eggs in the uterus. 6 Site preferences of different gastrointestinal helminths 38 7 Percentages of Single and Multiple type of infection 39 v LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. NAME PAGE NO. 1 Location and overall prevalence of helminths in 34 backyard poultry 2 Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in Dhaka 35 (N=36) 3 Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in 35 Mymensingh (N=7) 4 Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in Pabna 36 (N=10) 5 Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in 36 Bandarban (N=10) 6 Site preferences of different gastrointestinal 37 helminths (N=63) 7 Percentages of Single and Multiple type of 38 infection (N=63) ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION FULL MEANING et al. = And others/Associates HCl = Hydrochloric acid M.S. = Master of Science > = More than vi PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF BACKYARD CHICKEN IN BANGLADESH ABSTRACT Poultry is a promising sector in Bangladesh which is expanding day by day. It is also the most appropriate income generating sector for rural women as well as landless and marginal farmers. But the indigenous chickens are affected by various parasites. Therefore, the present study was aimed to study the prevalence and morphological identification of gastrointestinal helminths of backyard chicken in Dhaka, Bandarban, Mymensingh and Pabna. A total of 63 intestines were examined for helminth parasites from September 2017 to November 2017. This experiment was performed at the Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory under the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207. The collected helminths were identified according to the keys and description given by Soulsby (1982) and Yamaguti (1958).
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