DOCSLIB.ORG

Jatinderpal Singh the STRUCTURE and CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jatinderpal Singh the STRUCTURE and CHEMICAL COMPOSITION J.Bio.Innov 1(6), pp: 250-263, 2012 ISSN 2277-8330 (online) www.jbino.com THE STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BODY WALL OF ANIMAL-PARASITIC NEMATODES Jatinderpal Singh Department of Zoology, Baring Union Christian College, Batala-143505 Punjab (India) Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The nematode body is enclosed by a body wall comprising of three different layers. The outermost being a thick multilayered cuticle underlined by the middle hypodermal layer pronounced at four regions in the form of dorsal, ventral and a pair of lateral hypodermal cords. The innermost layer is constituted by a single layer of longitudinal muscle cells. Although the outer envelope of nematodes has been studied by a host of workers yet the controversy regarding certain aspects of its structure, chemical composition and function still prevail. The presence of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, acid mucopolysaccharides and a variety of enzymes have been detected by various workers in different species of larval and adult nematodes. Since the mere survival of a nematode parasite in the body of its host is mainly attributed to the uniqueness of its body covering, hence the study of its nature and chemical composition is of paramount importance in parasitic nematology. The present paper briefly reviews the histological and histochemical studies on the body wall of animal nematodes parasitic animals. JBINO (6th Issue) Jatinderpal Singh J.Bio.Innov 1(6), pp: 250-263, 2012 ISSN 2277-8330 (online) www.jbino.com INTRODUCTION two-layered cuticle characterized the adult females of the family Heterodidae ( Bird Nematodes are the most numerous and Rogers, 1965; Kampfle, 1966) and the multicellular animals present on the earth parasitic larvae of Trichinella spiralis (Maggenti, 1981). They parasitize man, (Beckett and Boothroyd, 1961). This two- livestock, crops and have a deleterious layered structure was believed to be due to effect on all. Not only is the economics of rapid periods of growth at some stages in nematode parasitism important but nema these animals. However, in pre-parasitic themselves are a fascinating subject for the larvae and males of Heterodidae and in the study of morphology, biology and host- adults of Trichuroidae the normal three- parasite relationship. Morphologically the layered cuticle prevailed (Sheffield, 1963 Nematode is an exceedingly variable and Wright, 1968). group and there hardly exists any statement that could be made regarding RESULTS AND DISCUSSION their histomorphology, which would apply to all forms. Different types of anatomical Structurally, the nematode cuticle is quite features are present in different species of diverse, not only in different genera and parasitic nematodes which are the result of families, but also within species. There adaptation influenced by their particular may even be marked differences in the type of habitat (Chitwood and Chitwood, cuticle of male and female worms and in 1950). the different body regions of the same individual. These differences in the cuticle Some recent studies on the body wall of can be more marked in parasitic animal parasitic nematodes have been nematodes. ( Cano-Martil et al, 2006). performed by Johal (1995), Johal and In Oxyuris equi, the cuticle Shivali (1996), Page (2001), Cano-Martil consisted of an outer and an inner cortical et al (2006), Rahemo and Hussain (2009) layers, a fibrillar layer consisting of two and Lalchhandama (2010). The distinct layers of fibres, a homogenous multilayered nature of the cuticle had long layer and two distinct layers of fine fibres, been established with the number of layers a homogenous layer and two fibre layers ( varying from two in the larva of Martini, 1912). Bird (1958) studied the Trichinella spiralis (Beckett and cuticle of Oxyuris equi and described an Boothroyd 1961) to eight in adult Oxyuris additional fibrillar layer under the cortical equi (Bird, 1958). Since then there has layer which was not mentioned by Martini been a general agreement on the basic (1912). The cuticle of O. equi, thus terminology for the nematode cuticle as a comprised eight layers, starting from the three-layered structure consisting of outermost layer inwards: (1) an external cortical, median and basal layers. The cortical layer; (2) an internal cortical layer; nematode cuticle has been (3) a fibrillar layer; (4) a part of comprehensively reviewed from time to homogenous layer; (5) and (6) two outer time by Maggenti (1981), Bird (1980 and fibrous layers; (7) and (8) two inner 1984), Wright (1987), Bird and Bird fibrous layers. There was no indication of (1991) and Page (2001). The nematode presence of any bounding layer or a basal cuticle nearly always consists of at least layer. two major layers, the cortical and the basal. However, an exception to this Lee(1965) reported that the cuticle of general rule was found in the insect adults of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis had parasitic nematode Bradynema spp. where three main layers, an outer cortex, a the normal cuticular structure has been middle matrix and an inner fibre layer. The replaced by microvilli (Riding, 1970). The cortex appeared to be a single layer which th Jatinderpal Singh JBINO (6 Issue) J.Bio.Innov 1(6), pp: 250-263, 2012 ISSN 2277-8330 (online) www.jbino.com varied in thickness, being thin at the apices epicuticle ; a narrow electron dense outer of the longitudinal ridges and much thicker cortical layer; an inner cortical layer a between the ridges. The cortex was matrix layer; three fibre layers and an separated from the fibre layer by a fluid inner fibrous basal lamella. The basal filled region, the middle layer. The fibre lamella possessed local areas associated layer was found to be composed of two with hemi-desmosomes on the hypodermal fibre layers and a basement membrane. membrane. The cuticle of the anterior half Using light and scanning microscopy, of the body of female was found to be Anya (1966) observed that the cuticle of similar to the male while the posterior half Aspiculuris tetraptera had three basic was enveloped by seven-layered structure layers namely, the cortex consisting of an consisting of an outer membrane like outer and inner cortical layer, middle layer, a narrow outer cortex, an inner matrix and inner fibre layer which in turn cortex, a thin matrix layer, two fibre layers is made of three layers. In addition, a thin and a fibrous basal lamella. osmiophillic superficial membrane on the surface of the cuticle, discernible only with Based on their ultrastructural and the electron microscope, was reported. cytochemical studies, some authors (Lee, 1965 and Bird, 1980) considered that the Tomita (1975) described the cuticle of outer covering of the cuticle was a “cell Thelazia callipaeda to be composed of two membrane” and referred to it as an layers, an external layer consisting of three epicuticle. Since then the use of terms such sub-layers forming the transverse body as “membrane”, “membrane-like”, striations and an internal layer composed “modified membrane” for different regions of six sub-layers. Franz (1980) made of the cuticle’s surface have created certain scanning and transmission electron confusions and implied various concepts microscopic studies on the cuticle of regarding its composition and function. Onchocerca volvulus and found it to be Zuckerman et al (1979) and Bird (1985) consisting of a cortical, a median and a used the term “glycocalyx” for the basal layer. The outer limitation of the carbohydrate moieties on the outermost cuticle was an irregularily folded surface surface of the cuticle which sometimes membrane, which showed a regular honey appeared as a fuzzy coating. The presence comb pattern and covered the entire worm of carbohydrate moieties and use of the with the exception of anterior and posterior term “glycocalyx” for the surface ends. Lee and Nicholas (1983) used membrane of the cuticle gave rise to the plasma etching to reveal the structure of impression of epicuticle being a cell the cuticle of adult Nippostrongylus membrane. This concept of the outside brasiliensis. The cuticle revealed an outer layer being a cell membrane had been membrane like layer, a single cortical discussed by Wright (1987) who pointed layer, a fluid filled layer, two fibre layers out that the surface structure was likely to and a basement lamella. vary considerably in different nematode species as a result of different functional Martin and Lee (1983) described the and anatomical requirements. To solve this structure of body wall of adult problem and minimize further confusion, Nematodirus battus. The cuticle of the he suggested that, it will be much male Nematodirus battus was divided into appropriate to use the term surface coat for three main layers namely, an outer cortex, the outer carbohydrate component of the a middle layer and an inner fibre layer. cuticle rather than the glycocalyx. He also These three major layers were further suggested that the epicuticle was not a cell divided into eight distinct layers, membrane, however, with studies it could namely,an outer membrane like layer or th Jatinderpal Singh JBINO (6 Issue) J.Bio.Innov 1(6), pp: 250-263, 2012 ISSN 2277-8330 (online) www.jbino.com be seen as a surface trilaminate The P-face of the epicuticle outer fracture differentiation containing lipids. plane presented a large number of densely- packed small particles and many Nevertheless, the term epicuticle now protuberances. appears to be accepted for the outside layer. Regarding remaining layers of the Neuhaus et al (1996) investigated the cuticle, there seems to be a consensus that ultrastructure, development and a generalized cuticle would consist of an morphogenesis of the body cuticle of adult epicuticle, a cortical layer, a median layer and juvenile Oesophagostomum dentatum and a basal layer (Bird and Bird, 1991). by light microscopy, scanning electron Fok et al (1992) described the cuticle of microscopy and transmission electron Nippostrongylus brasiliensis as a three microscopy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Poultry Parasites
    FAO Animal Health Manual No. 4 EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF POULTRY PARASITES Anders Permin Section for Parasitology Institute of Veterinary Microbiology The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Copenhagen, Denmark Jorgen W. Hansen FAO Animal Production and Health Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1998 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-27 ISBN 92-5-104215-2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. C) FAO 1998 PREFACE Poultry products are one of the most important protein sources for man throughout the world and the poultry industry, particularly the commercial production systems have experienced a continuing growth during the last 20-30 years. The traditional extensive rural scavenging systems have not, however seen the same growth and are faced with serious management, nutritional and disease constraints. These include a number of parasites which are widely distributed in developing countries and contributing significantly to the low productivity of backyard flocks.
    [Show full text]
  • An Outbreak of Intestinal Obstruction by Ascaridia Galli in Broilers in Minas Gerais ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
    Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola ISSN 1516-635X Oct - Dec 2019 / v.21 / n.4 / 001-006 An Outbreak of Intestinal Obstruction by Ascaridia Galli in Broilers in Minas Gerais http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1072 Original Article Author(s) ABSTRACT Torres ACDI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-6517 Industrial broilers raised on helminthic medication-free feed were Costa CSI https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0701-1733 diagnosed with a severe disease caused by Ascaridia galli, characterized Pinto PNI https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7577-1879 by intestinal hemorrhage and obstruction. A. galli was identified based Santos HAII https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-3591 Amarante AFIII https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-2282 on the morphological features of the nematode. Broilers were raised Gómez SYMI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-5591 for a longer period (63 days) for weight recovery, grouped as stunted Resende MI (n=500), had low body score and had fetid diarrhea. The duodenum- Martins NRSI https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-2228 jejunum segment was the most severely affected with obstruction and I Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Escola had localized accumulation of gas. The intestinal mucosa was severely de Veterinária - Medicina Veterinária Preventiva - Campus Pampulha da UFMG - Belo Horizonte, congested with petechial and suffusive hemorrhages. The outbreak Minas Gerais, Brazil. resulted in morbidity of about 10% and mortality of up to 4% and II Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de was associated to the absence of preventive medication on feed and Minas Gerais, Brasil.
    [Show full text]
  • A Parasite of Red Grouse (Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus)
    THE ECOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TRICHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS (NEMATODA), A PARASITE OF RED GROUSE (LAGOPUS LAGOPUS SCOTICUS) A thesis submitted to the University of Leeds in fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By HAROLD WATSON (B.Sc. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne) Department of Pure and Applied Biology, The University of Leeds FEBRUARY 198* The red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus I ABSTRACT Trichostrongylus tenuis is a nematode that lives in the caeca of wild red grouse. It causes disease in red grouse and can cause fluctuations in grouse pop ulations. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to study aspects of the ecology of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis, and also certain aspects of the pathology and immunology of red grouse and chickens infected with this nematode. The survival of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis was found to decrease as temperature increased, at temperatures between 0-30 C? and larvae were susceptible to freezing and desiccation. The lipid reserves of the infective-stage larvae declined as temperature increased and this decline was correlated to a decline in infectivity in the domestic chicken. The occurrence of infective-stage larvae on heather tips at caecal dropping sites was monitored on a moor; most larvae were found during the summer months but very few larvae were recovered in the winter. The number of larvae recovered from the heather showed a good correlation with the actual worm burdens recorded in young grouse when related to food intake. Examination of the heather leaflets by scanning electron microscopy showed that each leaflet consists of a leaf roll and the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis migrate into the humid microenvironment' provided by these leaf rolls.
    [Show full text]
  • Blackhead Disease in Poultry Cecal Worms Carry the Protozoan That Causes This Disease
    Integrated Pest Management Blackhead Disease in Poultry Cecal worms carry the protozoan that causes this disease By Dr. Mike Catangui, Ph.D., Entomologist/Parasitologist Manager, MWI Animal Health Technical Services In one of the most unique forms of disease transmissions known to biology, the cecal worm (Heterakis gallinarum) and the protozoan (Histomonas meleagridis) have been interacting with birds (mainly turkeys and broiler breeders) to perpetuate a serious disease called Blackhead (histomoniasis) in poultry. Also involved are earthworms and house flies that can transmit infected cecal worms to the host birds. Histomoniasis eventually results in fatal injuries to the liver of affected turkeys and chickens; the disease is also called enterohepatitis. Importance Blackhead disease of turkey was first documented in [Fig. 1] are parasites of turkeys, chickens and other the United States about 125 years ago in Rhode Island birds; Histomonas meleagridis probably just started as a (Cushman, 1893). It has since become a serious limiting parasite of cecal worms before it evolved into a parasite factor of poultry production in the U.S.; potential mortalities of turkey and other birds. in infected flocks can approach 100 percent in turkeys and 2. The eggs of the cecal worms (containing the histomonad 20 percent in chickens (McDougald, 2005). protozoan) are excreted by the infected bird into the poultry barn litter and other environment outside the Biology host; these infective cecal worm eggs are picked up by The biology of histomoniasis is quite complex as several ground-dwelling organisms such as earthworms, sow- species of organisms can be involved in the transmission, bugs, grasshoppers, and house flies.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Major Gastrointestinal Parasites That Affect Chickens
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.6, No.11, 2016 Review on Major Gastrointestinal Parasites that Affect Chickens Abebe Belete* School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia Mekonnen Addis School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia Mihretu Ayele Department of animal health, Alage Agricultural TVET College, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Ethiopia Abstract Parasitic diseases are among the major constraints of poultry production. The common internal parasitic infections occur in poultry include gastrointestinal helminthes (cestodes, nematodes) and Eimmeria species. Nematodes belong to the phylum Nemathelminthes, class Nematoda; whereas Tapeworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes, class Cestoda. Nematodes are the most common and most important helminth species and more than 50 species have been described in poultry; the majority of which cause pathological damage to the host.The life cycle of gastrointestinal nematodes of poultry may be direct or indirect but Cestodes have a typical indirect life cycle with one intermediate host. The life cycle of Eimmeria species starts with the ingestion of mature oocysts; and
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence and Morphological Studies of Gastrointestinal Helminths of Backyard Chicken in Bangladesh
    PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF BACKYARD CHICKEN IN BANGLADESH S. M. ABDULLAH DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY SHER-E-BANGLA NAGAR, DHAKA-1207 JUNE, 2019 PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF BACKYARD CHICKEN IN BANGLADESH BY S. M. ABDULLAH REGISTRATION NUMBER: 12-04875 A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) IN PARASITOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY SEMESTER: JAN-JUN/2019 APPROVED BY Dr. Uday Kumar Mohanta Dr. Mohammad Saiful Islam (Rasel) Supervisor Co-Supervisor Chairman & Associate Professor Chairman & Associate Professor Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 Dr. Uday Kumar Mohanta Chairman of Examination Committee Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 MEMO NO: SAU/ CERTIFICATE This is To cerTify ThaT The Thesis enTiTled “PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF BACKYARD CHICKEN IN BANGLADESH” submiTTed To The Department of microbiology and parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Parasitology, embodies the result of a piece of bona fide research work carried out by S. M. ABDULLAH, Registration No.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Communication Effects of Ascaridia Galli Infection on Body Weight and Blood Parameters of Experimentally Infected Domestic
    Short Communication Effects of Ascaridia galli infection on body weight and blood parameters of experimentally infected domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Zaria, Nigeria Efectos de la infección por Ascaridia galli sobre el peso corporal y caracteres sanguíneos de palomas (Columba livia domestica) domésticas infectadas experimentalmente en Zaria, Nigeria Lucas Kombe ADANG 1 , P. A. ABDU 2, J. O. AJANUSI 3, S. J. ONIYE 4 and A. U. EZEALOR4 1Department of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, P.M.B. 127, Gombe Nigeria, 2Department of Veterinary Surgery and Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria, 3Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria and 4Department of Biological Sciences, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author Received: 02/13/2012 First reviewing ending: 04/27/2012 First review received: 11/30/2012 Accepted: 12/18/2012 ABSTRACT Ascaridia galli is a common parasite of poultry and has been reported in chicken, turkey, guinea fowl, pigeons, duck, and goose. Ascaridiasis is a challenge to poultry breeders, since with other conditions/ diseases, causes reduced egg production, reduced growth rate in broilers and subsequent economic losses to the poultry industry. Its effects on pigeons have not been widely documented. A study aimed at evaluating the effects of A. galli infection on body weight, packed cell volume, haemoglobin level and total plasma protein of experimentally infected domestic pigeons was carried out in Zaria, Nigeria. Birds were divided into two groups (A and B), each made up of 30 birds. Birds in group A were each dosed with 700 infective eggs of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Family: Ascaridiidae Ascaridia Galli
    Lect:2 Nematoda 3rd class Dr. Omaima I.M. Family: Ascaridiidae Ascaridia galli Ascaridia is a genus of parasitic roundworms belonging to the ascarids that infects chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, grouse, quails, pheasants, guinea fowls and other domestic and wild birds. They occur worldwide and are very common in chicken. Main properties It is the largest nematode in birds. The body is semitransparent, creamy-white and cylindrical. The anterior end is characterized by a prominent mouth, which is surrounded by three large tri-lobed lips. The edges of the lips bear teeth-like denticles. The body is entirely covered with a thick proteinaceous structure called cuticle. and cuticular alae are poorly developed. Two conspicuous papillae are situated on the dorsal lip and one on each of the subventral lips. These papillae are the sensory organs of the nematode. A. galli is diecious with distinct sexual dimorphism. Females are considerably longer and more robust, with vulva opening at the middle portion (approximately midway from anterior and posterior ends) of the body and anus at the posterior end of the body. The tail end of females is characteristically blunt and straight. Males are relatively shorter and smaller, with a distinct pointed and curved tail.. There are also ten pairs of caudal papillae towards the tail region of the body, and they are arranged linearly in well-defined groups such as precloacal (3 pairs), cloacal (1 pair), post-cloacal (1 pair) and subterminal (3 pairs) papillae. Life Cycle 1- The life cycle of A.galli is direct, involving two principal populations; the sexually mature parasite in the gastrointestinal tract and the infective stage (L3) the in form of a resistant egg in the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Biochemical Parameters of Experimental Chicks Due to Ascaridia Galli Infection
    International Archive of Applied Sciences and Technology IAAST; Vol 3 [4] December 2012: 36-39 © 2012 Society of Education, India IIAAAASSTT ONLINE ISSN 2277- 1565 [ISO9001: 2008 Certified Organization] PRINT ISSN 0976 - 4828 www.soeagra.com/iaast/iaast.htm Original Article Changes in the Biochemical Parameters of Experimental Chicks Due to Ascaridia galli Infection Anju Tyagi Department of Zoology, SMMTD College Ballia, India. ABSTRACT The W.L.H. chicks carrying A. galli infectioin showed ascridiasis and anemia. The biochemical responses such as glucose, protein, cholesterol, urea, acid phosphates and alkaline phosphatase level after 16 days and 32 days at low dose and high dose of infection were studied. The infection showed a significant increase in serum cholesterol and serum urea levels in all the experimental cases. The serum protein level and serum acid phosphates level decrease in all the cases of dose administered. The level of glucose and alkaline phospatase decreased after 16 days at low dose and high dose of infection and increased at the dose level after 32 days at low dose and high dose of infection. The infected chicks showed ascaridiasis and anemia. Key word: A. galli, WLH chicks, serum protein, glucose, cholesterol, urea, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and ascaridiasis. INTRODUCTION Biochemical status of a host plays an important role for various activities. Quite often prevalent disease have been found to generally decrease but sometime increases the biochemical parameters like serum protein and serum phosphatase etc. Besides parasites biochemical parameters could be altered by antibiotics, chemicals and pollutants. The parasitic infection disturbs the internal micro-environment of the host by inducing various biochemical.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Alcoholic Extract of Curcuma Longa on Ascaridia Infestation Affecting Chicken
    Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 53, July 2015, pp. 452-456 Effects of alcoholic extract of Curcuma longa on Ascaridia infestation affecting chicken Abdulrazak Labi Alrubaie* Department of Biological Resistance Technologies, Al-Musiab Technical College, PO Box 20, Babylon, Iraq Received 22 January 2014; revised 26 April 2014 Ascaridia galli, the common intestinal nematode, remains a major cause of economic loss in the poultry industry in developing countries. Treatments using chemicals are not only expensive but also affect host health. Plant extracts as better alternative is gaining significance. Here, we have studied the effects of alcoholic extract of turmeric, Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) roots, against A. galli infection in chicken. Different concentrations of C. longa root extract were tested in vitro on 5 groups of adults A. galli worms and in vivo on 6 groups of chicks. The results showed that the turmeric root extract @ 60 mg mL-1 in vitro significantly (P <0.001) proved paralytic and fatal against worms (16.80±1.28 h). In vivo, chicken groups (G2-G6) were infected with an average of 300±12 embryonated eggs of A. galli. The G2 was not given any treatment while G3 was treated with piperazine (@ 200 mg kg-1 body wt.); and Groups 4, 5 and 6 were given turmeric @ 200, 400 and 600 mg kg-1 body wt., respectively. The mean number of worms extracted at the end of the trial in G2 (untreated) was 18.10±2.42, while the G3 treated with piperazine had no worms. Groups 4 and 5 did not show any significant difference compared to G2.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathological Study of Ascaridia Galli in Poultry
    EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci 14, 3327-3329 (2020) Pathological study of Ascaridia galli in poultry Maher Ali AL-Quraishi 1, Hawraa Sabah Al-Musawi 2*, Zainab Abd Mohsen AL-Haboobi 3 1 Biology Dept., College of Science, University of Babylon, IRAQ 2 Biology Dept., College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, IRAQ 3 Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Technical Institute of Karbala, IRAQ *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The current study included examination of 181 birds (vobra strain), the total infection rate was 30.55 % (55 bird), the infection rate according to months Feb. marc. Apr. and jun. were (40 %, 32.5%, 29.16%, 21.27% Respectively). The higher infection rate was 40% for age less than (10 week) while the lower infection rate was 20% for age (˃20 week). The infection intensity divided to three group (light, medium, heavy), and the results shows that 65.45% was light infection and 7.27%, 27. 27 % were medium and heavy infection Respectively. The infected birds showed symptoms of wasting, lethargy, tachycardia and intestinal inflammation. Keywords: Ascaridia galli, roundworm, infection AL-Quraishi MA, Al-Musawi HS, AL-Haboobi ZAM (2020) Pathological study of Ascaridia galli in poultry. Eurasia J Biosci 14: 3327-3329. © 2020 AL-Quraishi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. INTRODUCTION as possible and changed regularly, as the survival of the eggs of worms requires humidity. It is advisable for birds Ascaridia galli is a roundworm belongs to the kept outdoors in endemic regions to limit their exposure Nematoda phylum (Tarbiat, 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Morphologic Evaluations of Ascaridia Galli from Nandurbar (M.S.), India
    Special Issue A 13, December 2019 ISSN:2320-7817(p) 2320-964X(0) Original Article Open Access Studies on Morphologic Evaluations of Ascaridia galli from Nandurbar (M.S.), India. Balde Govind Hanmantrao P.G.Dept. of Zoology , G.T.Patil College, Nandurbar (M.S), India. Email:- [email protected] Manuscript details: ABSTRACT Available online on As we know that parasitolgy, it had profound influence on man and also on his http://www.ijlsci.in domestic live stock and birds. Many people attempted to understand the parasitological problems from different angles like morphology, systematic ISSN: 2320-964X (Online) life history, pathology, epidemiology control and management. Here the ISSN: 2320-7817 (Print) author has undertaken the studies of roundworm specially in association to the taxonomic aspects from Gallus gallus domesticus Much of the interest in parasite morphology comes from the way in which the various pathways have Cite this article as: been modified to suit the highly specialized parasitic mode of life. In addition Balde Govind Hanmantrao (2019 to this intrinsic interest parasite morphology has great practical importance Studies on Morphologic through different production. As the production of vaccines against the Evaluations of Ascaridia galli nematode parasites necessitates routine in various cultures and for this the from Nandurbar (M.S.), India., Int. J. of. Life Sciences, Special Issue, morphology knowledge is very important. Parasite morphology can A13: 251-257. contribute to the development of new drugs and to the elucidation of the mode of action of compounds. Moreover the study to know the mode of biochemical mechanism not only helps to understand the causes of the Copyright: © Author, This is an pathological changes in the hosts but will also help to adapt better open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons prophylactic and epidemiological management.
    [Show full text]