State:

Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: SOLAPUR

1.0 District Agriculture Profile

1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Deccan Plateau, hot semi-arid eco sub region (6.1) Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Western PlateauDistrict and Hills agriculture Region (6) profile Commission) Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Western Maharashtra Scarcity zone. (MH-6) List all the districts or part thereof falling Solapur, , , Part of Nasik, under the NARP Zone

Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Longitude Altitude headquarters 17041’ 75056’ 483.6m Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ Zonal Agricultural Research Station, 97, Raviwar Peth, P.B. No. 207, Near Dayanand College, ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS Solapur – 413 002.

Mention the KVK located in the district Krishi Vignyan Kendra, At/Post: Khed, Tal. : , Dist. : Solapur Pin:413 002

1.2 Normal Normal Rainy Normal Onset Normal Cessation Rainfall RF(mm) days (number) ( specify week and month) (specify week and month) SW (June-Sep) 550.5 23 1st week to 2nd week of June 2nd to 3rd week of October NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec) 115.9 10 - - Winter (Jan- Feb) 4.7 2 - - Summer (Mar-May) 52.3 6 - - Annual 723.4 41 - - 1.3 Land use Land under Land under Barren and pattern of the Geographical Cultivable Forest non- Permanent Cultivable Misc. tree Current uncultivable Other fallows district area area area agricultural pastures wasteland and fallows land use groves Area (‘000 ha) 1487.8 1030.9 35.3 5.2 66.1 39.4 6.0 63.7 111.2 121.0 (Source: Agricultural Statistical Information, Maharashtra State 2006 (Part II)

1 1. 4 Major Soils Area (‘000 ha) Per cent of total area Shallow Black soil 699.0 67.8 Deep Black soil 188.1 18.2 Medium Black soil 143.7 13.9 (Source: NBSS & LUP, ),

1.5 Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity (%) Net sown area 919.7 Area sown more than once 102.8 111.1 Gross cropped area 1022.5

1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000 ha) Net irrigated area 251.5 Gross irrigated area 271.0 Rainfed area 759.9 Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) Percentage of total irrigated area Canals -- 31.4 12.5 Tanks 10 0.5 0.2 Open wells 68411 188.5 74.9 Bore wells 10712 5.0 1.9 Lift irrigation schemes 150 26.0 10.3 Micro-irrigation - - Other sources (please specify) - - Total Irrigated Area 251.5 100 Pump sets (Diesel + Electrical) 7,485 + 1,69,010 =1,76,495 No. of Tractors 11,000 Groundwater availability and use* (Data Quality of water (specify the problem (%) area source: State/Central Ground water No. of blocks/ Tehsils such as high levels of arsenic, Department /Board) fluoride, saline etc) Over exploited 01 40 Good Critical 01 20 Good Semi- critical - - 2 Safe 08 20 Good Wastewater availability and use - - Ground water quality - (Source - District statistical report 2008-09)

1.7 Area under major field crops & horticulture etc. (2008-09) 1.7 Area (‘000 ha) Major field crops Kharif Rabi Summer Total Cultivated Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Sorghum - - - 707.0 707.0 - 707.0 - - - 58.9 - 58.9 - 58.9 Chickpea - - - - 43.9 43.9 - 43.9 Sunflower - 12.1 12.1 - 24.9 24.9 - 37.0 Pigeonpea - 18.9 18.9 - - - 18.9 14.9 - 14.9 - - - - 14.9 Safflower - - - - 12.5 12.5 - 12.5 Horticulture crops - Fruits Total area (‘000 ha) Irrigated Rainfed Pomegranate 41.0 41.0 - Ber 18.5 18.5 - Grape 10.6 10.6 - Custard apple 1.9 1.9 - Banana 5.7 5.7 - Vegetables Total area (‘000 ha) Irrigated Rainfed Tomato 1.65 1.65 - Onion 1.99 1.99 - Medicinal and Aromatic crops Total area Irrigated Rainfed Not Applicable Not Applicable

3 Plantation crops Total area Irrigated Rainfed Not Applicable Not applicable Others such as industrial pulpwood crops etc (specify) Fodder crops Total area Irrigated Rainfed 20.2 20.2 -- Grasses 7.8 7.8 - Others (specify) - - -- Total fodder area 28.0 28.0 - Grazing land 38.0 -- 38.00 Sericulture etc 1.2 1.2 - Others (Specify) - - -

1.8 Livestock Male (‘000) Female (‘000) Total (‘000)

Non descriptive Cattle (local low yielding) 659.11 Crossbred cattle

Non descriptive Buffaloes (local low yielding) 388.95 Graded Buffaloes 834.27 Goat 253.71 Sheep Others (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.) 21.8 Commercial dairy farms (Number) 2.5 1.9 Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birds (‘000) Commercial -- 792.8 Backyard -- 948.9

4 1.10 Fisheries

A. Capture i) Marine (Data Source: Fisheries Department) Boats Nets Non- Storage mechanized facilities Mechanized No. of fishermen Non- (Shore (Ice Mechanized (Trawl nets, mechanized Seines, plants Gill nets) Stake & trap etc.) nets) NA

No. Farmer owned ponds No. of Reservoirs No. of village tanks ii) Inland (Data Source: Fisheries Department) NA B. Culture Water Spread Area (ha) Yield (t/ha) Production (‘000 tons) i) Brackish water (Data Source: MPEDA/ Fisheries Department) NA ii) Fresh water (Data Source: Fisheries Department) Others (Source: 17th Livestock census 2003)

1.11 Production and productivity of major crops (Average of last 5 years: 2004, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09)

1.11 Name of crop Kharif Rabi Summer Total Crop Productivity residue as Production Productivity Production Productivity Production Productivity Production (kg/ha) fodder ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (‘000 tons) Major Field crops Sorghum - - 457.84 529 - - 457.84 529 Pearlmillet 8.66 695 - - - - 8.66 695 Maize 28.12 1422 28.88 2117 - - 57.00 1769

5 Chickpea - - 27.30 670 - - 27.30 670 Safflower - - 5.2 520 - - 5.20 520 Sunflower 6.34 573 9.30 628 15.64 600 Sugarcane ------5613.50 81000 Major Horticultural crops - Fruits Pomegranate ------259.25 7500 - Ber ------100 10000 - Custard apple ------71.4 14275 - Grape ------280.55 26370 - Banana ------210 36777 - Vegetable Tomato 35.31 21.4 - - - - 35.31 21.4 - Onion 24.03 12.08 - - - - 24.03 12.08 - (Source: Epitome of Govt. of Maharashtra 2004, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09)

1.12 Sowing window for 5 major field Pigeonpea Sunflower Safflower Sorghum Chickpea Wheat crops

Kharif- Rainfed 15th June to 15th July 15th June to 15th Aug ------Kharif-Irrigated 15th July to 15th Aug. 15th June to 15th Aug ------Rabi- Rainfed -- 15th Sept to 15th Oct 15th Sept to 15th Oct 15th Sep to 15th Oct 25th Sept to 15th Oct -- Rabi-Irrigated -- 15th Sept to 30th Oct 15th Sept to 30th Oct 30th Sep to 15th Oct 20th Oct to 20th Nov 15th Nov to 15th Dec

1.13 What is the major contingency the district is prone to? Regular Occasional None Drought √ -- -- Flood -- √ -- Cyclone -- -- √ Hail storm ------Heat wave -- √ -- Cold wave -- √ -- Frost -- -- √ 6 Sea water intrusion -- √ -- - Wooly aphids and army worm in sugarcane, - Oily spot in pomegranate, -- Pests and disease outbreak (specify) - Pod borer in pigeonpea and chickpea, - Shootfly and stem borer in Rabi sorghum

1.14 Include Digital maps of Location map of district within State as Annexure I Enclosed: Yes the District for Mean annual rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: No Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: Yes

7 Annexure I Location Map

8 Annexure II Soil Map

Soil map (Source: NBSS& LUP, Nagpur)

9 2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies 2.1 Drought 2.1.1 Rainfed situation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early Major Normal Crop / Cropping Change in crop / cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on season Farming system system Implementation drought situation (delayed onset) Medium Sunflower Sunflower + pigeonpea Opening of ridges and furrows for soil and Seed source : Delay by 2 deep to (2:1) water conservation before onset of monsoon, Central campus MPKV, weeks deep black hoeing at 25 DAS Rahuri, College of soils Preparation of furrows for moisture Agril., and Dhule (June 4th conservation after harvest of sunflower NSC, MSSC week) Heliothis: Need base IPM package Private co. Distributers Hoeing at 25 DAS Pigeonpea Pearlmillet + pigeonpea As above (2:1) + pigeonpea (3:1) Linkage with NREGA Greengram Pigeonpea + green gram As above for SWC measures; (1:3) Schemes for Ridger, Blackgram Pigeonpea + black gram As above bund former, MB (1:3) plough Kharif - Fallow No change In situ SWC measures in fallow: ridges and During Rabi - furrows, Tied ridges, Compartmental bunding Rabi sorghum to conserve the rain water during kharif for Safflower regular sowing of Rabi crops as above Sunflower Chickpea Strip cropping of Chickpea + Safflower (6:3), Strip cropping of Rabi sorghum + Chickpea (6:3)

10 Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Green gram / Rabi Fallow No Change Blackgram / sorghum / Cowpea Safflower / Chickpea Pigeonpea No change -- -- Shallow Pearl  Pearlmillet + horse gram Gap filling, thinning to Medium (2:1) One hoeing and weeding before 30 DAS deep  Pearlmillet + moth bean black soils (2:1) Castor Castor + cluster bean (1:2) As above + Shallow Castor and ridge gourd Spraying of 50 WP Carbaryl @ 2 g per lit. of water black soils (mixed cropping) for control of semilooper Horse gram No change Use of improved cultivar

Moth bean No change As above Grasses (Marvel, Madras Ber plantation + grasses Compartment bunds, CCT, opening of ridges and Anjan) (Stylo), furrows for soil and water conservation. Forest tree plantation Custard apple Making of semi circular basin around the trees for (Leucaena Spp., Glyricidia) Horse gram, moisture conservation Moth bean Mulching, Kaolin spray 8%. Setaria spp. Use wind breaks ,Shelter belts Niger

11 Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Early season Major Normal Crop/ Change in Agronomic measures Remarks on drought Farming cropping system crop/cropping system Implementation (delayed situation onset) Medium Sunflower Pigeonpea, Opening of alternate dead furrows for Seed source : Delay by 4 deep to deep Castor water / moisture conservation at 30  Central campus weeks black soils DAS MPKV, Rahuri, (July 2nd week) Gap filling, thinning College of Agril., One hoeing and weeding before 30 DAS Pune and Dhule IPM techniques  NSC, MSSC Private co. Pigeonpea Pigeonpea + clusterbean As above Distributeurs (1:2) Green gram Pigeonpea + As above Linkage with coriander(1:2) NREGA for SWC measures; Black gram Pigeonpea + deel(1:2) As above Schemes for Kharif fallow Kharif f allow followed Opening of ridges and furrows across Ridger, bund by the slope for moisture conservation former, MB plough Kharif - Fallow No change In situ SWC measures in fallow: ridges During Rabi - and furrows, Tied ridges, Rabi sorghum Safflower Compartmental bunding to conserve the Sunflower, rain water during kharif for regular Strip cropping of Chickpea + Safflower (6:3) sowing of Rabi crops as above Strip cropping of Rabi sorghum + Chickpea (6:3)

Shallow to Pearlmillet Mothbean, Application of 25 kg K2O per ha for medium Horsegram pearlmillet deep black Opening of alternate dead furrows for soils water / moisture conservation 30 DAS Gap filling, thinning One hoeing and weeding before 30 DAS IPM techniques Horsegram Sunflower + pigeonpea As above

12 (2:1) Mothbean Pearlmillet + pigeonpea As above (2:1) Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Green gram Rabi sorghum / Fallow No / Blackgram Safflower / Chickpea Change / Cowpea

Pigeonpea No change -- -- Shallow Grasses (Marvel, Madras Anjan) Grasses (Dongari, Madras black soils Forest tree plantation anjan)

Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season Major Farming Normal Change in Agronomic measures Remarks on drought (delayed situation Crop/cropping crop/cropping system Implementation onset) system Medium deep to Sunflower Pigeonpea + clusterbean Opening of ridges and furrows for soil and Seed source : Delay by 6 weeks deep black soils (1:2) water conservation before onset of monsoon Central campus (July 4th week) Sunflower + Immediate sowing of the crops after onset of MPKV, Rahuri, pigeonpea(2:1) monsoon College of Agril., Castor Opening of alternate dead furrows for water / Pune , and Setaria spp. moisture conservation 30 DAS for sole crop Dhule Use of short duration varieties NSC, MSSC, Use of herbicides in sole crops Private co.-op. , Distributeurs

Pigeonpea Pigeonpea + coriander As above (1:2) Castor, Setaria spp. Green gram Pigeonpea + deel As above (1:2) Castor Setaria spp. Black gram Pearlmillet + pigeonpea As above 13 (2:1) Linkage with Kharif fallow Kharif fallow followed Opening of ridges and furrows across the NREGA for SWC by rabi crop slope measures; Schemes Kharif - Fallow No change for Ridger, bund During Rabi - former, MB plough Rabi sorghum Safflower In situ SWC measures in fallow: ridges and Sunflower, furrows, Tied ridges, Compartmental bunding Strip cropping of to conserve the rain water during kharif for Chickpea + Safflower regular sowing of Rabi crops as above (6:3) Strip cropping of Rabi sorghum + Chickpea (6:3) Shallow to Pearlmillet Castor and ridge gourd Immediate sowing of the crops after medium deep Pigeonpea + coriander (1:2) onset of monsoon black soils Horse gram As above As above Moth bean As above As above

Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Green Rabi Fallow No Change gram / sorghum / Blackgr Safflower / am / Chickpea Cowpea Pigeonp No change -- -- ea 3. Scarcity low Grasses (Marvel, Grasses Opening and filling of pits with rainfall, shallow madras anjan) Plantation of drum stick compost ,trash and methyl parathion soils Forest tree plantation powder before onset of monsoon (Leucana Spp., Making of semi circular basin around Glyricidia) the tree for moisture conservation

14 Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on drought situation system system Implementatio (delayed n onset) Medium deep to Sunflower Sunflower Use of short duration cultivars Seed source : Delay by 8 deep black soils Castor Gap filling, thinning and hoeing  Central weeks Castor + Ridge gourd (mixed Opening of alternate dead furrows for campus (2nd week of cropping) water / moisture conservation 30 DAS for MPKV, August) Setaria spp. sole crop Rahuri, Pigeonpea As above As above College of Greengram As above As above Agril., Pune Blackgram As above As above ,Kolhapur and Kharif fallow Kharif fallow followed by Opening of ridges and furrows across the Dhule Rabi crop slope  NSC, MSSC Kharif - Fallow No change In situ SWC measures in fallow: ridges Private co. During Rabi - and furrows, Tied ridges, Compartmental Distributers Linkage with Rabi sorghum Safflower bunding to conserve the rain water during Sunflower, NREGA for kharif for regular sowing of Rabi crops as Strip cropping of Chickpea + SWC measures; Safflower (6:3) above Schemes for Strip cropping of Rabi Ridger, bund sorghum + Chickpea (6:3) former, MB plough Shallow to medium Pearlmillet Sunflower Opening of alternate dead furrows - deep black soils Castor for water / moisture conservation Horse gram 30 DAS for sole crop Castor and ridge gourd (mixed cropping) Horse gram As above As above Moth bean As above As above Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Green gram / Rabi sorghum / Fallow No Change Blackgram / Safflower / - - Cowpea Chickpea

15 Pigeonpea -- Fallow Rabi sorghum + Chickpea (6:3) Shallow black soils Grasses (marvel, madras anjan) Grasses Forest tree plantation (Leucana -- Spp., Glyricidia) Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season drought Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Crop management Soil nutrient & moisture Remarks on (Normal onset) situation system conservation measues Implementation Normal onset Medium deep to deep Sunflower Resowing in case of poor Use slit and followed by 15-20 black soils germination entire blade hoe days dry spell after Thinning and weeding sowing leading to Hoeing Water spray poor germination / Pigeonpea As above As above crop stand etc. Green gram As above As above Black gram As above As above Kharif - Fallow No change During Rabi - Ridge and Furrows, Rabi sorghum Safflower Compartmental bunding, Tied Sunflower, ridges to conserve rainwater Strip cropping of Chickpea during kharif for regular + Safflower (6:3) sowing of rabi crops Strip cropping of Rabi sorghum + Chickpea (6:3) Pearlmillet Sunflower Opening of alternate dead Shallow to medium Castor furrows for water / moisture deep black soils Horse gram conservation 30 DAS for sole Castor and ridge gourd crop (mixed cropping) Horse gram As above As above Moth bean As above As above Shallow black soils Grasses (marvel, madras Replanting in case of poor anjan) germination -- Forest tree plantation (Leucana Spp., Glyricidia)

16 Condition Suggested Contingency measures Mid season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Crop management Soil nutrient & Remarks on drought (long situation system moisture conservation Implementation dry spell, measues consecutive 2 weeks rainless (>2.5 mm) period) Medium deep to Sunflower Water spray Application of Use of farm ponds for At vegetative deep black soils Hoeing remaining 50 % N dose life saving irrigation stage Protective irrigation (sprinkler irrigation) after receipt of rainfall. Spraying of 2% urea after receipt of rainfall Spraying of 8% kaolin Defoliation of lower mature leaves Pigeonpea As above As above Green gram As above As above Black gram As above As above Kharif - Fallow No change Ridge and Furrows, During Rabi - Compartmental Rabi sorghum Safflower bunding, Tied ridges to Sunflower, conserve rainwater Strip cropping of Chickpea + Safflower (6:3) during kharif for Strip cropping of Rabi regular sowing of rabi sorghum + Chickpea (6:3) crops

Shallow to Pearlmillet As above As above As above medium deep Horse gram As above As above black soils Mothbean As above As above Greengram/ Blackgram Opening of /Cowpea – Rabi Sorghum - conservation furrows at /Chickpea / Safflower an interval of 15-20 m

17 Shallow black soils Grasses (marvel, madras anjan) Forest tree plantation ------(Leucana Spp., Glyricidia)

Condition Suggested Contingency measures Mid season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Crop management Soil nutrient & Remarks on drought (long dry situation system moisture conservation Implementation spell) measues Medium deep to Sunflower Protective irrigation (sprinkler) Use of farm ponds At flowering/ deep black soils Defoliation of lower mature leaves for life saving - fruiting stage Water spray irrigation Spraying of 2 % KCl Pigeonpea As above - Green gram As above - Black gram As above - Kharif - Fallow No change Ridge and Furrows, During Rabi - Compartmental bunding, Rabi sorghum Safflower Tied ridges to conserve Sunflower, Strip cropping of Chickpea rainwater during kharif + Safflower (6:3) for regular sowing of rabi Strip cropping of Rabi crops sorghum + Chickpea (6:3) Pigeonpea As above - Shallow to Green gram As above - medium deep soils Black gram As above - Greengram/ Blackgram Opening of conservation /Cowpea – Rabi Sorghum - furrows at an interval of /Chickpea / Safflower 15-20 m Shallow black soils Grasses (marvel, madras - anjan), Forest tree plantation

18 Condition Suggested Contingency measures Terminal Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Crop management Rabi Crop planning Remarks on drought situation (if Kharif crop fails) Implementation (Early Medium deep to Sunflower Protective irrigation Sowing of sorghum, Use of farm ponds withdrawal deep black soils Spraying of 8% Kaolin chickpea, linseed, for life saving of monsoon) Defoliation of lower mature leaves safflower irrigation Pigeonpea As above As above Green gram As above As above Black gram As above As above Kharif - Fallow No change Ridge and Furrows, During Rabi - Compartmental bunding, Rabi sorghum Safflower Tied ridges to conserve Sunflower, Strip cropping of Chickpea + rainwater during kharif for Safflower (6:3) regular sowing of rabi Strip cropping of Rabi sorghum + crops Chickpea (6:3) Shallow to Pigeonpea As above As above As above medium deep Green gram As above As above black soils Black gram As above As above Greengram Rabi Sorghum Harvest greengram – -- /Chickpea / Safflower Shallow black Grasses (marvel, madras anjan) soils Forest tree plantation (Leucana Spp., Glyricidia)

19 2.1.2 Irrigated situation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures Major Farming Normal Crop/ Change in crop/cropping system Agronomic measures Remarks on situationf cropping system Implementation Delayed Medium black soils Kharif Pearlmillet Pearlmillet followed by onion Use of drip/sprinkler/micro Seed source : release of with canal irrigation Preseasonal sugarcane Green manuring followed by irrigation/raingun water in canals Maize for fodder and grain preseasonal sugar cane, Use of paired row plantation Central campus due to low Sugarcane + onion in sugarcane MPKV, Rahuri, purpose rainfall Sugarcane + cucumber Foliar application of 2% College of Soybean Sugarcane + cabbage DAP Agriculture, Pune Pigeonpea Leafy vegetables followed by Alternate furrow irrigation ,Kolhapur and Onion preseasonal sugarcane Dhule NSC, MSSC Light soils canal Kharif Pearlmillet Groundnut Use of BBF method for Private co. irrigation , Pomegranate, groundnut. Distributers Ber, Use of polyethylene mulch Custard apple, for groundnut Drumstick, Use of sprinkler/drip/ micro Aonla irrigation Limited Medium black soils Kharif pearlmillet Pearlmillet followed by onion Use of Drip release of with canal irrigation Preseasonal sugarcane Green manuring followed by Alternate furrow irrigation water in canals Maize for fodder and grain preseasonal sugar cane, Use of trash mulch in due to low Sugarcane + onion sugarcane purpose rainfall Sugarcane + cucumber Trash management in Soybean Sugarcane + cabbage ratoon sugarcane Pigeonpea Leafy vegetables followed by Use of organic material Onion preseasonal sugarcane like FYM, vermicompost Banana

20 Condition Suggested Contingency measures Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/ Agronomic measures Remarks on situation system cropping system Implementation Non release of Medium black soils Kharif Pearlmillet Kharif pearlmillet Trash management in water in canals with canal irrigation Preseasonal sugarcane Pigeonpea sugarcane under delayed Maize for fodder and grain Sunflower Thinning in cereal crops onset of monsoon purpose Maize Weeding / hoeing in catchment Soybean Water spray Pigeonpea Defoliation of lower matured Onion leaves Harvesting of sugarcane for fodder Light soils with Kharif Pearlmillet Mothbean Spraying of 2% DAP canal irrigation Ber Horsegram Use of drought tolerant Pomegranate Setaria spp. cultivar Use of wind breaks, shelter Custard apple belts Mulching in fruit crops Reduction of fruit load in plantation crops Lack of inflows Scarcity low rainfall Kharif Pearlmillet Kharif pearlmillet Use of micro irrigation into tanks due to medium black soils Preseasonal sugarcane Pigeonpea system insufficient with canal irrigation Maize Sunflower Water spray /delayed onset of Soybean Use of drought tolerant Maize monsoon Pigeonpea cultivars Onion Insufficient Kharif Kharif Pearlmillet Sowing of short duration Timely sowing, groundwater Preseasonal sugarcane fodder crops, leafy vegetables Use of improved short recharge due to Maize duration cultivars low rainfall Minimization of plant Soybean population Pigeonpea Interculturing Onion

21 2.2 Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations)

Condition Suggested contingency measure Continuous high rainfall in a short Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest span leading to water logging Pigeonpea Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Shifting of economic produce Harvesting at to safer place for drying physiological maturity Pearlmillet As above If flowers washed out, As above As above immediately harvest the crop Sunflower As above As above As above As above Maize As above Drain out excess water Drain out excess water As above

Inter Cropping System As above As above As above As above Horticulture Grape Provide drainage trench (1.5 Provide drainage Treatment of 0.1 % cu. ft) across the slope and trench (1.5 cu. ft) carbendizime to the bunches to Drain out excess water application of 10 ppm NAA across the slope protect from diseases by opening the trenches spray Banana Providing drainage trench (1.5 -do- -do- - cu. ft) across the slope Pomegranate Drain out excess water ------by opening the trenches Vegetable crops Onion Providing drainage Providing drainage trench (1.5 2000 ppm of MH spray Store in well ventilated trench (1.5 cu. ft) across cu. ft) across the slope 15 days before the structure the slope harvest to control sprouting in storage Application of 10 ppm NAA Tomato -do- - - spray Application of 10 ppm NAA Green Chillies -do- - - spray

22 Application of 10 ppm NAA Brinjal -do- - - spray Application of 10 ppm NAA Okra -do- - - spray

Flowers Marigold Providing drainage Providing drainage trench (1.5 cu. ft) trench (1.5 cu. ft) - - across the slope across the slope Chrysanthemum -do- -do-

Jasmine -do- -do- Heavy rainfall with high speed winds in a short span2 Pigeonpea Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Shifting of economic produce to safer place for drying Horticulture Grape Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Go for resin making Shifting of economic produce to safer place Pomegranate As above As above Damaged fruits should As above be used for preparation of anardana Banana As above As above In case of damage of As above stem / bunch, the immature fruits should be used for preparation of chips Outbreak of pests and Crop maturity diseases due to Vegetative stage Flowering stage Post harvest stage unseasonal rains Pigeonpea Leaf roller – Pod borer – - Collection and destruction of affected - Spraying of 5 % NSKE leaves - Use of pheromone traps - HNPV 1 ml / lit. spray - Wilt - Spraying of chlorpyriphos 2 ml / lit. – Drain out excess water - Drain out excess water - Drenching with copper oxychloride 50 - Drenching with copper oxychloride 50 23 WP (0.4 %) WP (0.4 %) - Uproot and burn - Uproot and burn Pearlmillet a) Insect pest - Grass hopper Blister beetle - Dusting of methyl parathion 2% 20 kg / - Dusting of methyl parathion 2% 20 kg /ha - ha Rust – - Spraying of mancozeb 75 WP 0.25 % Sunflower i) Thrips Heliothis- Quinalphos @ 2 ml/lit . - Imidachloprid 17 SL 0.5 ml / lit. Alternaria / Cercospora Leaf blight – ii) Hairy catterpillar - - Spraying of mancozeb 75 WP 0.25% - - Collection and destruction of egg masses, early instar larvae and affected plant parts - Spraying of 50 % carbaryl 2g/lit. Rabi sorghum i) Shoot fly i) Web worm - Installation of 5 fish meal traps per ha - Spraying of Quinalphos @ 2 ml/lit . - Spraying of Quinalphos @ 2 ml/lit . i) Leaf spot- ii) Stem borer - Spraying of Quinalphos @ - Spraying of mancozeb 75 WP 0.25 % - 2 ml/lit . iii) Aphids/ Jassids – Spraying of Dimethoate 30 EC 1.5 ml / lit. Outbreak of pests and Crop maturity diseases Vegetative stage Flowering stage Post harvest stage due to unseasonal rains Chickpea Wilt / root rot- Heliothis a) Insect pest – - Seed treatment with carbendazim + - Use of 5 pheromone traps per ha Heliothis thiram (2 g each / kg) or Phule - Spraying of Quinalphos / Chlorpyriphos 2 - Use 5 pheromone Trichoderma 5 g /kg ml/lit. traps per ha Wilt / root rot- - Spraying of - Seed treatment with carbendazium + thiram Quinolphos / (2 g each / kg) or Phule Trichoderma 5 g /kg Chlorpyriphos 2 ml/lit.

Safflower i) Aphids – Spraying of 5% NSE followed Heliothis by Thiamethaxam 25 WG 0.5g/ lit. - Spraying of Quinalphos @2 ml/lit. Wilt / root rot- - - Seed treatment with carbendazim + Alternaria blight- thiram (2 g each / kg) or Phule - Spraying of carbendazim (12%) + Trichoderma 5 g /kg mancozeb (63%) (0.25%) Sugarcane i) Stem borer – i) Top shoot borer - Soil application of 10G Phorate 20 kg/ha - Removal of dead heads - - Removal of dead heads - 20 EC Chloropyriphos 5 lit. in 1000 lit. ii) Top shoot borer water through channel 24 - Removal of dead heads ii) Wolly aphid – - 20 EC Chloropyriphos @ 5 lit. in 1000 - Spraying of dimethoate or methyl demeton lit. water through channel 1.5 ml/lit.

Outbreak of pests and diseases Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest due to unseasonal rains Horticulture Grape i) Mealy bug – Mealy bug – - Use of sticky traps on trunks and – Use of sticky traps on trunks and girdles Mealy bug – girdles – Spraying of methyl dematon / malathion 15-20 - Use of sticky - Spraying of methyl dematon / ml / 10 lit. traps on either malathion 15-20 ml / 10 lit. i) Powdery mildew – side of berry a) Disease – Spraying of wettable sulfur 80 WP 0.2 % or bunches i) Anthracnose – Spraying of penconazole 0.05% carbendazim 50 WP 0.1 % ii) Downy mildew – Anthracnose – ii) Powdery mildew - Spraying of Spraying of Bordeaux mixture 0.4 to 1.0 % or Spraying of wettable sulfur 80 WP 0.2 % or metalaxyl mancozeb 0.2 % or cymoxanil carbendazim 50 WP penconazole 0.05 % mancozeb 0.2 % 0.1 % iii) Downy mildew – Spraying of Bordeaux mixture 0.4 to 1.0 % or metalaxyl mancozeb 0.2 % or cymoxanil mancozeb 0.2 % Pomegranate a) Insect pest - Shot hole borer i) Shot hole borer - Use Geru paste with insecticides - Use Geru paste with insecticides i) Fruit sucking - Soil application of 10 g phorate @ - Soil application of 10 g phorate @ 10g/plant in moth 10g/plant in basin basin - Protect the fruits b) Disease - ii) Anar caterpillar either by bagging or i) Bacterial blight – - Spraying of Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 5g/10 by using repellents Spraying of bactinashak 250 ppm (2.5g/10 lit. water. lit.) and captaf 0.25 % alternatively i) Bacterial spot – ii) Fungal fruit and leaf spot- Spraying of bactinashak 250 ppm (2.5 g / 10 lit.) i) Bacterial spot – Spraying of mancozeb 75 WP 0.25 % or and captaf 0.25 % alternatively Spraying of carbendazim 50 WP 0.1 % ii) Fungal fruit and leaf spot- bactinashak 250 ppm Spraying of mancozeb 75 WP 0.25 % or (2.5 g / 10 lit.) and 25 carbendazium 50 WP 0.1 % captaf 0.25 % alternatively

26 2.3 Floods

Condition Suggested contingency measure Transient water logging/ partial Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest inundation Pigeoenpea Drain out excess water, Drain out excess water Drain out excess water Harvest immediately resowing Pearlmillet As above As above As above As above Black gram As above As above As above As above Drain out excess water, Drain out excess water, Tying Gap filling ; Drain out excess water, Drain out excess water, up of lodged plants Sorghum Resowing chickpea with seed Weeding and Tying up of lodged plants drying of earheads and treatment in case of more than top dressing with urea Harvesting 50% mortality Drain out excess water, Drain out excess water, Drain out excess water, Gap filling and Drain out excess water, Weeding and Spraying with NAA@ 25 Chickpea drenching with fungicides; Harvesting and drying of top dressing with urea; ppm Resowing wheat in case of plants Nipping of terminal bud more than 50% mortality Horticulture Grapes Provide drainage trench (1.5 Provide drainage trench (1.5 Provide drainage trench Treatment of 0.1 % cu. ft) across the slope cu. ft) across the slope and (1.5 cu. ft) across the slope carbendizime to the bunches application of 10 ppm NAA to protect from diseases spray Pomegranate -do -do- -do- Storing in Cold storage Provide drainage trench (1.5 Banana -do- -do- cu. ft) across the slope Storing in Cold storage Onion Drain out excess water, As above As above As above resowing, replanting Tomato Loss of crop Marketable fruit should be - - harvested Continuous submergence for more than 2 days Pigeonpea Drain out excess water, As above As above As above resowing Pearl millet As above As above As above As above

27 Blackgram As above As above As above As above

Horticulture Onion Drain out excess water, As above As above As above retrasplanting Tomato As above As above As above As above

Sea water intrusion ------

2.4 Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave / Frost / Hailstorm / Cyclone

Condition Suggested contingency measure Transient water logging Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest partial inundation Heat wave Not applicable Horticulture Grape Irrigate during night Irrigate during night Irrigate during night Harvest and marketing Pomogranate As above As above As above As above Onion Provide shade net As above As above As above Cold wave Horticulture Grape Cover with shade net Smudging and irrigation Smoking and irrigation As above Pomogranate Smoking and irrigation As above As above As above Onion Frequent irrigation Frequent irrigation Frequent irrigation As above Frost Not applicable Horticulture Hailstorm Maize Re sowing Use as fodder Use as fodder Harvest Pearl millet As above Use as fodder Use as fodder As above Wheat As above -- -- As above Gram As above -- -- As above Gap filling, resowing Top dressing Collect mature bolls As above Horticulture Grape Gap filling and replanting Application of fertilizer Application of fertilizer Resin preparation dose and plant protection dose and plant protection Pomegranate As above As above As above Harvest marketable fruits 28 Cyclone Not applicable

2.5 Contingent strategies for Livestock and Poultry

2.5.1 Livestock

Suggested contingency measures

Before the event During the event After the event

Drought

Feed and Motivating the sugarcane farmers to convert green sugarcane Harvest and use biomass of dried up crops Encourage progressive farmers fodder tops in to silage by the end of February (paddy/wheat/Sorghum/Bajra,/chickpea/ groundnut/ to grow multi cut fodder crops availability Collection of soya meal waste and groundnut cake for use as soya) material as fodder of sorghum/bajra/maize(UP feed supplement during drought Use of unconventional and locally available cheap chari, MP chari, HC-136, HD- 2, GAINT BAJRA, L-74, K- Sowing of cereals (Sorghum/Bajra) and leguminous crops feed ingredients especially soya meal waste and 677, Ananad/African Tall, (Lucerne, Berseem, Horse gram, Cowpea) during North-East groundnut cake and also sunflower heads for feeding Kisan composite, Moti, monsoon under dry land system for fodder production. of livestock during drought Manjari, B1-7 on their own Harvest all the top fodder available (Subabul, Establishment of fodder bank at village level with available lands with input subsidy dry fodder (paddy /wheat straw, Sorghum/Bajra stover, Glyricidia, Pipol, Prosopis etc) and feed the LS Supply of quality seeds of groundnut haulms, sugarcane tops) during drought COFS 29, Stylo and fodder Concentrate ingredients such as Grains, brans, Development of silvopastoral models with Leucaena, slips of Marvel, Yaswant, chunnies & oilseed cakes, low grade grains etc. unfit Glyricidia, Prosopis as fodder trees and Marvel, Madras for human consumption should be procured from Jaywant, Napier, guinea grass Anjan, Stylo, Desmanthus, etc., as under storey grass Govt. Godowns for feeding as supplement for high well before monsoon Encourage fodder production with Sorghum – stylo- productive animals during drought Flushing the stock to recoup Sorghum on rotation basis and also to cultivate short-term Promotion of Horse gram as contingent crop and Replenish the feed and fodder crops like sunhemp harvesting it at vegetative stage as fodder fodder banks Promote Azola cultivation at backyard All the hay should be enriched with 2% Urea Formation of village Disaster Management Committee molasses solution or 1% common salt solution and fed to LS. Capacity building and preparedness of the stakeholders and official staff for the drought/floods Encourage mixing available kitchen waste with dry fodder while feeding to the milch animals

29 Drinking Adopt various water conservation methods at village level to Adequate supply of drinking water. Watershed management water improve the ground water level for adequate water supply. Restrict wallowing of animals in water practices shall be promoted to Identification of water resources bodies/resources conserve the rainwater. Bleach (0.1%) drinking water / water Desilting of ponds Add alum in stagnated water bodies sources Rain water harvesting and create water bodies/watering Provide clean drinking water points (when water is scarce use only ailyas drinking basis water for animals) Construction of drinking water tanks in herding places/village junctions/relief camp locations Community drinking water trough can be arranged in shandies /community grazing areas

Health and Procure and stock emergency medicines and vaccines for Carryout deworming to all animals entering into Keep close surveillance on disease important endemic diseases of the area relief camps disease outbreak. management All the stock must be immunized for endemic diseases of Identification and quarantine of sick animals Undertake the vaccination depending on need the area Constitution of Rapid Action Veterinary Force Keep the animal houses clean Surveillance and disease monitoring network to be Performing ring vaccination (8 km radius) in case of and spray disinfectants established at Joint Director (Animal Husbandry) office in any outbreak the district Farmers should be advised to Restricting movement of livestock in case of any breed their milch animals Adequate refreshment training on draught management to epidemic during July-September so that be given to VAS, Jr.VAS, LI with regard to health & Tick control measures be undertaken to prevent tick the peak milk production does management measures borne diseases in animals not coincide with mid summer Procure and stock multivitamins & area specific mineral Rescue of sick and injured animals and their mixture treatment Organize with community, daily lifting of dung from relief camps

30 NA Floods

NA Cyclone

Heat wave NA

Cold wave NA

Insurance Encouraging insurance of livestock Listing out the details of the dead animals Submission for insurance claim and availing insurance benefit Purchase of new productive animals

Vaccination schedule in small ruminants (Sheep & Goat)

Disease Season

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) Preferably in winter / autumn

PPR All seasons, preferably in June-July

Black quarter (BQ) May / June

Enterotoxaemia (ET) May

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) March / June

Sheep pox (SP) December / march

Vaccination programme for cattle and buffalo:

31 Disease Age and season at vaccination

Anthrax In endemic areas only, Feb to May

HS May to June

BQ May to June

FMD November to December

2.5.2 Poultry

Suggested contingency measures

Before the event During the event After the event

Drought

Shortage of feed ingredients Storing of house hold grain like Supplementation only for productive birds Supplementation to all survived birds maize, broken etc, in to use with house hold grain as feed in case of severe drought Supplementation of shell grit (calcium) for laying birds Culling of weak birds

Drinking water Use water sanitizers or offer cool hygienic drinking water

Health and disease management Culling of sick birds. Mixing of Vit. A,D,E, K and B-complex Hygienic and sanitation of poultry house including vit C in drinking water (5ml in one Deworming and vaccination Disposal of dead birds by burning / litre water) against RD and IBD burying with lime powder in pit

32 Floods NA

Cyclone NA

Heat wave NA

Cold wave NA a based on forewarning wherever available

2.5.3 Fisheries/ Aquaculture

Measures suggested for Drought

A. Capture

Inland i) Shallow water depth due 1. Proper planning of water storage 1.Maintenance of dams & 1. Regular desiltation of reservoirs & dams. to insufficient rains/inflows 2. Conservation & development of water reservoirs to avoid leakage & 2. Govt. should make laws on water resources by construction of reservoirs & to control theft of water. conservation. dams. 2. Proper use of water resources 3. To develop demand oriented system. 3. Avoid seepage losses by lining the on priority base. 4. Govt. should make laws to stop canals. 3.Add water in shallow water deforestation. 4. Adopt rain water harvest techniques. pond. 5. Need based monitoring through research 5. Farmer’s organizations, water users & 4.Use stored water. plan. private sectors should be involved in 5.Use surface water flow. construction, operation & maintenance of 6.Divert water from unutilized 6. Intensive forestation program. irrigation system. areas. 6. To make people aware about 7.Utilize canal water. 7. Augmentation of surface water flow. conservation of water. 8. Aeration of water in 7. Critical analysis of long range a Forecast ponds/reservoirs. 8. Strengthening of water reservoirs. data. 8. Storage of water. 9. Rain water harvesting . 9. A forestation program. 10. Conservation of 10. Compensation claims. rivers/reservoir/ponds. 33 Re-excavation of local canals and 11. Prepare vulnerability map and place it to reservoirs. management committee

ii) Changes in Water 1. Storage of water disinfectant such as 1. Provision of water 1. Removal of runoff from land by proper Quality chlorine, alum etc. at district level. filtration system for the means before decomposition. 2. Prohibit dumping of solid, liquid and ponds to overcome the 2. Supply of water filtration system even waste in water sources. water contamination- after the event & creating awareness in 2. Use disinfectants and farmers. 3. Preparedness with stocks of chemicals, therapeutic drugs. 3. Need based research data should be disinfectants and therapeutic drugs. generated on water quality. 3. Adoption of bio-remedial Dumping of solid, liquid and waste in measures water bodies should be stopped through enactment of legislation.

B. Aquaculture

i) Shallow water in 1. Available resources will be identified 1. Water resources of the areas will 1. Available resources need to be listed with ponds due to and need to be kept ready for each district be exploited with planning of adequate transport arrangement. insufficient on the basis of forecasting of insufficient proper transport facilities in 2. Desiltation of pond bottom. affected areas. 3. Maintenance of tanks & ponds rains/inflows. rain. 2. To avoid loss due to seepage, 2. Maintain the level of water to 4. Need based monitoring through research infiltration & leakage by using bentonite, the required depth. plan. ash, polythene liners etc. 3. Add stored water in shallow 5. Intensive a forestation program. 3. Maintain the level of water by water depth. 6. Augmentation of surface water flow. 4. Harvesting of fishes as early as 7. Construction of water reservoirs. pumping water into pond. possible to avoid mortality. 8. Adoption of rain harvesting methods. 4. Critical analysis of long range 5. Use stored water. 9. Compensation claims . Forecast data. 6. Use surface water flow. Prepare vulnerability map and place it to Storage of water. 5. 7. Divert water from unutilized management committee 6. A forestation program. areas. 7. Conservation of 8. Utilize canal water. rivers/reservoir/ponds. Aeration of ponds. Re-excavation of local canals and reservoirs

ii) Impact of salt load 1. Minimize evaporation losses. 1. Dilution of water or 1. Trapping the water resources from build up in ponds / 2. Dilution of water if salt load is high. exchange water to avoid other places for dilution to reduce salt 3. Available resources will be identified salt builds up. load. 34 change in water quality & need to be kept ready for each 2. Harvesting the marketable 2. Need based research data should be district on the basis of forecasting of fish to reduce the density. generated on water quality. insufficient rain to reduce the salinity 3. Use disinfectants and 3. Dumping of solid, liquid and waste by trapping available water therapeutic drugs. should be stopped through enactment resources. 4. Adoption of bio-remedial of legislation. 4. On the basis of forecasting advising measures fish farmers for harvesting of marketable fish. 5. Prohibit dumping of solid, liquid and waste in water sources. Preparedness with stocks of chemicals, disinfectants and therapeutic drugs.

2.5.3 Fisheries

Measures suggested for Flood

A. Capture Inland

i) Average compensation 1. Fishermen will be given forewarning 1. Fishermen will be advised 1. The victim's family shall be provided paid due to loss of human regarding heavy rains and advised on use of Life saving with compensation up to Rs. 1, life not to go for fishing in jackets and life boats. The 00,000/- for the deaths occurring rivers/reservoirs. life saving during the fishing. 2. Areas need to be identified in each appliances/machinery 2. Rehabilitation of people. district prone for flood. shall be kept ready for 3. Identify the causes of flood affected 3. Maintenance of water drainages in rescue operation. area & take necessary preventive proper way to avoid blockage. 2. Sufficient stock of food, measures. 4. Proper forecasting information medicine etc. should be should be available. available. 4. Arrangement for rescue and casualty 5. Be prepared to evacuate at a short 3. Govt. should take care. notice. necessary action & 5. Arrangement for burial control room. 6. Preparation of flood control action provide trained people for 6. Restoration of essential services, plan. rescue operation during security and protection of property. 7. Warning dissemination and flood. 7. Support to rehabilitation, logistics, 35 precautionary response. 4. Human evacuation from training and awareness build up & 8. Formation of flood management the area. testing and updating the plan. committee. 5. Coordination of Insurance and compensation claim. 9. Enhancement in coping capabilities assistance. of common people. 6. Damage and need Insurance for the life of assessment. people/fishermen. 7. Immediate management of relief supplies. Immediate help delivery ii) No. of boats / nets 1. The prior information on safe 1. Fishermen will be advised 1. The affected fishermen will provided damaged keeping of boats and nets will be to stop fishing during the with compensation up to Rs. 50,000/- provided to the fishermen. floods and heavy rainfall. for damaged boats or nets. 2. If prior information is given bring 2. Continuous monitoring on 2. Education and training for the repair of boats & nets towards the safer side. water level is required. boats/nets and gears. Loss assessment & insurance claim. 3. Annual repair of boats/nets and 3. Coordination of assistance gears. 4. Immediate management Insurance of boats/nets/gears. of relief supplies. Govt. support and compensation.

iii) No. of houses 1. Forewarning regarding heavy 1. Temporary shelter to the 1. The housing facilities on higher elevation damaged rainfall, sudden downpour and floods affected families will be shall be provided to affected families by will be spread in the fishermen provided. the Government agencies. villages on the banks of rivers. 2. Arrangement of 2. Provide compensation from Govt. to 2. Shift the people to safer places. temporary shelters for build/repair houses. homeless people. 3. Loss assessment & insurance claim. 3. Proper maintenance of Kaccha 3. Damaged house 4. Govt. assistance claim. houses. enumeration and need 4. Education and training for the repair assessment. of houses 4. Coordination of 5. Store raw material for emergency assistance. repair of houses. Immediate management of 6. House insurance. relief supplies. iv) Loss of stock 1. Harvesting the existing fish stock 1. Search/locate the stock/input. Provided subsidy on seeds by Govt. 2. Keep boats, nets/gears ready for emergency use. 2. Mobilize local people for 2. Implementation of Insurance policy. 3. Store fuels, food/other item 3. Locate backup stocks and verify its 36 4. Develop flood control management protection. usability time. plans. 4. Follow flood control management .Stock material insurance 3. Hire stock/inputs from distant plan. areas/company/ farmers who are 5. Notify utilities of the critical demand not affected by flood. about loss of stock and inputs. Loss assessment & insurance claim. v) Changes in water quality 1.Storage of water disinfectant such as .Provision of water filtration 1.Removal of runoff from land by proper means chlorine, alum etc. at district level. system for the ponds to before decomposition. overcome the water 2. Provision to stop/close the contamination- 2.Supply of water filtration system even after effluent/sewerage discharge point in the event & creating awareness in farmers. water bodies 2. Do not use contaminated water 3. Need based research data should be generated 3. Store chemicals, disinfectants and 3. Proper preparation and to maintain water quality, therapeutic drugs. management through emergency aeration. 4. Dumping of solid, liquid and waste should be 4. Develop flood control management plan. stopped through enactment of legislation. 4. Use appropriate amount of disinfectants, chemicals and 5. Contact Govt. and industrial organization for therapeutic drugs. immediate remedy and cleaning of the water bodies. 5. Immediate support of Govt./industrial organizations 6. Regular water monitoring and bio-monitoring for maintaining the purity and of water bodies for formulation of quality of water bodies. management plan

6. Need based bioremediation

vi) Health and diseases 1.Water filtration system & control 1. 1.Periodical checking 1.Setting health & disease management measures for diseases should be available. particularly with respective fish training centre at district level for fisherman mortality should be done community by Govt. or with the help of NGO. 2. Advance planning and preparedness. during flood & dead fishes disposed properly. 2. Laboratory diagnosis of diseased fish, 2. Prompt action or immediate 3. Store chemicals, disinfectants and generation of data about type or kind of therapeutic drugs. removal of disease causing agents/ dead fish, followed by disease spread. 4. Stock sufficient stores of medicines. sterile or landfill disposal. 3. Use appropriate amount of 3. Eradicating the disease where possible.

37 disinfectants, chemicals and 4. Follow up surveillance and monitoring therapeutic drugs. after disease outbreak. 4. 4. Emergency aeration or splashing in water bodies. 5. Need based research data should be generated.

6. Loss assessment & insurance claim.

B. Aquaculture i) Inundation with flood 1) In the flood prone areas proper draining 1. On the basis of forecasting Planning even after the event should be water system from ponds need to be developed information to farmers for made for proper drainage and creating and planned in flood situation before sale of marketable fish with awareness and trainings in flood situations. forecasting of flood. sufficient transport facility 2). Pinning even after the event should be 2) Site should be away from flood prone area. through various media. made for proper drainage & creating awareness Proper drainage should be & training in flood situation. 3) Dyke should be stable in all weather adopted so that inundation 3) Support to rehabilitation, logistics, condition & not liable to collapse during with flood water should be heavy rains. training and awareness build up & testing minimized. and updating the plan 4) Proper channels to be provided to pass 2. On the basis of forecasting, surplus water & to avoid breakage to the information to farmers for 4) Reallocate fish to maintain appropriate bundh. sale of marketable fish with biomass so that waste assimilation capacity 5) Proper facility construction for ponds and sufficient transport facility its stock safety. through various media. of pond is not exceeded. 6) Development of flood control management 3. Proper drainage should be plan. adopted so that inundation 5) Reduce or cease feeding because uneaten 7) Preparedness with emergency backup with flood water should be food and fish waste decreases the dissolved equipment on site. minimized. Excess water oxygen level. 8) Stock insurance. should be drained from pond by providing screen outlets or 6) Strengthening of water bodies/ponds. 9) Preventive measures against entry of using pumps. alien/wild organisms through flood water. 4. Arrangement for evacuation. 7) Loss assessment & insurance claim. 5. Arrangement for rescue and casualty care. 6. Arrangement for burial control room. 7. Restoration of essential services, security and protection of property. 8. Coordination of assistance.

38 9. Damage and need assessment. 10. Immediate management of relief supplies. 11. Release excess water from height of T. 12. Lower the water level in culture facilities. ii) Water contamination 1. Availability of water purifier i.e., 1). Supply of water purifier for 1). Supply of water purifier even after the and changes in water chlorine, alum etc at district level. the ponds to overcome the event and creating awareness in farmers. quality 2. Availability of water disinfectant such as contamination and changes in 2). Supply of water filtration system even chlorine, alum etc at district level. BOD. after the event & crating awareness in 3. Use of calcium hydroxide @ 150 kg/ha 2). Supply of water filtration farmers. 4. Store chemicals, disinfectants and system for ponds to overcome 3). Lime treatment for oxidation therapeutic drugs the contamination. 4). To maintain water quality, need based Use of kmno4 for bath of fish as research data should be generated 5. Develop flood control management plan prophylactics 3) . Do not use contaminated 5). Dumping of solid, liquid and waste water. should be stopped through enactment of legislation. 4) Proper preparation and management through 6). Immediate remedy and cleaning of water emergency aeration (paddle bodies. wheel aerator/circulating aerator), that may improve 7). Regular water monitoring and bio- water quality in affected areas. monitoring of water bodies for formulation of management plan. 5) Use appropriate amount of disinfectants, chemicals and therapeutic drugs.

6) Maintaining the purity and quality of water bodies.

7) Need based bioremediation iii) Health and diseases 1. Storage of water purifiers and control 1. Periodical checking 1). Setting health and disease management measures for diseases should be particularly with respective fish training centre at district level for available. mortality should be done during fishermen and government officials. 2. Personnel should be trained for health & flood. disease management through training 2. Services of trained 2). Routine training programmed as a 39 3. & list of trained personnel should be personnel need to be made refresher course need to be implemented in available at each district level. available in affected areas with relation to health & disease management 4. Adequate stock of medicine should be sufficient supply of life saving during flood. available at each district level. medicines. 5. Antibiotics fortified feeding as 3. Disinfectants formalin 3) .Lime treatment for oxidation prophylactics treatments as prophylactics 6. Advance planning and preparedness. 4. Identification of type of 4). Laboratory diagnosis of diseased fish, 7. Store chemicals, disinfectants and disease outbreak, immediate generation of data about type or kind of therapeutic drugs. removal of disease causing agents/ Stock sufficient emergency medicines disease spread. dead fish. 5). Eradicating the disease. 5. Use appropriate amount of disinfectants, chemicals and 6). Follow up surveillance and monitoring. therapeutic drugs. 7). Proper disposal of dead fish. 6. Determination of nature and speed of transmission of 8). Loss assessment & insurance claim. diseases.

7. Emergency aeration or splashing in water bodies. iv) Loss of stock and inputs 1). Harvestable sized fishes shall be marketed 1).The pond embankments will be 1) The fish farmers shall be provided with (feed chemicals etc.) before the event to avoid losses. The inputs fenced with netting to avoid fish fish seed and feed at concessional like feed and chemical etc. shall be stored at losses. The store rooms for inputs rates. 2) Feeds, chemicals etc required for the safe places. like feed, chemicals etc. shall be culture operation should be purchased. created. 3) Strengthening of stocks. 2).Flood situation going to exist then move the feed, chemicals & other accessories to 2).Available fish stock should be 4) Assessment of total loss. safer places. recovered. Stock of inputs must be stored in well protected area. 5) Insurance claims. 3). Keep the stock/input at safe place for emergency purpose. 3). Search/locate the stock/input.

4). Store fuels, food/other item. 4). Purchase/hire valuable stock/inputs from distant areas not 5) .Develop flood control management plan.

40 6). Stock material insurance affected by flood.

v) Infrastructure damage 1) Prior information regarding removal of 1) Pumps, aerator and generators 1. Suitable Compensation for the (pumps, aerators, huts etc.) Pumps and aerators shall be given to the fish shall be removed from the pond damaged machinery shall be given to farmers. before the event. the fish farmers. 2) Flood situation going to exist then move 2. Install the equipments during flood. the pumps, aerators & other accessories to 2) Use manual techniques for 3. Damaged infrastructure enumeration and need assessment. safer places. aeration or make substitute 4. Locate backup equipment and verify arrangement for the same. 3) Educate and provide training for the repair its operation. 5. Repair of damaged infrastructure. of infrastructure. 3) Notify utilities of the critical 6. Loss assessment & insurance claim. demand. 4) Follow flood control management plan. 4) Coordination of assistance. 5) Store raw materials for repairing of pumps aerators, huts etc. 5) Immediate management of relief supplies 6) Infrastructure insurance.

2.5.3 Fisheries

Measures suggested for Cyclone

Inland Aquaculture

41 i) Overflow/flooding of 1. If intensity of cyclone with heavy 1. On the basis of Planning even after the event should be made ponds rain fall exists then harvest existing forecasting information to for proper drainage & creating awareness & fish stock. farmers for sale of training in storm situation. 2. Dike should be stable in all weather marketable fish with condition & not liable to collapse sufficient transport during flood. facility through various media. Proper drainage should be adopted so that inundation with storm water should be managed 2. Enhancement of dykes height by sand bags

i) Changes in water 1. Supply of water for correcting the 1. Supply of water for 1. Water storage facility needs to be quality (fresh/brackish changes in fresh water & brackish correcting the changes in developed to overcome the problem of water ratio) water. fresh water & brackish changes in fresh & brackish water 2.Maintain salinity by addition of fresh water. ratio. water up to 20-25 ppt. 2. Use euryhaline species 2. use Euryhaline species for culture

iii) Health and disease 1. Water filtration system & control 1. Periodically checking 1. Settling health & disease management measures for disease should be particularly in respective training centre at district level for available. of fish mortality & water fishermen & Govt. official. 2. Adequate stock of medicine should parameter during flood. be available at each district level. 2. Disinfectants treatments 3. Liming and formalin treatment iv) Loss of stock and inputs 1. Cyclone with heavy rain fall situation 1. Available fish stock 1. Feeds, chemicals etc required for the (feed, chemicals etc.) going to exist then move the feed, should be recovered. culture operation should be purchased. chemicals & other accessories to 2. Seed and feed to be supplied through safer places. Deptt of fisheries, 2. Stock cover under insurance

v) Infrastructure damage 1) Cyclone with heavy rain fall situation 1) Use manual techniques for 1) Compensation on assessment of actual losses (pumps, aerators, going to exist then shifted the pumps, aeration or make substitute & damage of pumps, aerators, shelters/huts shelters/huts etc) aerators & other accessories to safer arrangement for the same. given through RKVY, NCDC, NREGS places.

42 2.5.3 Fisheries

Measures suggested for Heat Wave and Cold Wave

Inland

Aquaculture

i) Changes in pond 1)If intensity of heat wave high, add water 1) Adequate facility should be 1)Adequate facility should be ready for heat environment (water quality) from other source. ready for heat wave & system wave & system for changing water for changing water temperature temperature during cold wave. 2)Harvest existing fish stock. during cold wave. 2) Intensive afforestation program for reducing 3)Adequate facility should be ready for heat 2) Monitor fishing sites frequently heat waves. wave & system for changing water to ensure that they are not temperature during cold wave. affected by heat or cold waves. 3) Collect basic weather data and incidence of extreme and physical data of water bodies, 4)Listen to local weather forecasts and stay 3) Use dark materials to cover the water chemistry and seasonal changes, aware of upcoming temperature changes. water bodies during excessive plankton profile and seasonal blooms, heat waves. topography and soil composition. 5) Arrange the aerators. 4) Stay hydrated by drinking 4) Gather information about history of catch per 6) Ensure sufficient water quantity in water plenty of fluids during unit effort as well as fish yield rate during bodies. fishing/field work. heat wave and cold wave and accordingly 7)Formulate strategic fishing management for simulate future plan for sustainable fishing. 5) Adopt proper care and the heat /cold waves. management during the fishing 5) Loss assessment & insurance claim. 8) Tree plantation around fish ponds period of cold/heat wave like keeping stock of drinking water and extra cloths.

6) Educating the farmers through electronic or print media

43 7) Maintain Water level in pond ii) Health and diseases 1) Adequate stock of medicine should be 1)Periodical checking particularly 1)Setting health & disease management training management available at each district level. with respective fish mortality centre at district level for fishermen & Govt. should be done. official. 2) Advance planning and preparedness. 2)Identification of type of disease 2) Laboratory diagnosis of diseased fish, 3) Store chemicals, disinfectants and outbreak, immediate removal of generation of data about type or kind of therapeutic drugs. disease causing agents/ dead disease spread. fish. 4) Develop heat/ cold wave control 3) Eradicating the disease. management plan. 3) Use appropriate amount of disinfectants, chemicals and 4) Follow up surveillance and monitoring. 5) Stock sufficient emergency medicines. therapeutic drugs. 5) Proper disposal of dead fish. 4) Determination of nature and 6) Loss assessment & insurance claim. speed of transmission of diseases. 7)KMNO4 2 % to maintain oxygen level 5)Emergency aeration or splashing in water bodies

6)Bleaching powder 1 to 2 % , formalin treatment to prevent disease

44