Index

Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures.

A‐zooid, 68, 69 Amathia, 63 aragonite seas, 34–6, 240 Acanthocladia, 141, 167 amorphous calcium Arcanopora, Plate 8B Acanthodesia, 27, Plate 12A carbonate, 28 Archaeotrypa, 214 acanthostyles see styles Amphibiobeania, 163 Archimedes, 8, 9, 106, 123, 181, Achelia, 139–40 anagenesis, 237 224, Plate 7B Actinopora, 60, 146 Anasca, 17 areolae, 52, 86 Adalaria, 140 ancestrula, 9, 55, 56–8, 57, Arnaopora, 110 Adelascopora, 111 227–8 Arthrostylidae, 110 Adeona, 62, 76, 95–6, 110, 225, budding, 98 articulated colony, 94, 109–11, Plates 7D and 8D complex, 58 110, Plate 6E Adeonella, 54, 67, 196 tatiform, 57, 58 Ascodictyon, 17 Adeonellopsis, Plate 10G twinned, 58 Ascophora, 17, 228–30 adeoniform, 96, 108 androzooids, 65, 113 Ascopora, 75 Aechmellina, 55 Anisotrypa, 74 ascopore, 46, 47, 85–86 Aeolopora, 61 Anoigmaichnus, 145 ascus, 46 Aetea, 11, 14, 98 Anomalotoechus, Plate 4H Aspidostoma, 196 Aisenvergiidae, 204 Anoteropora, 36, 113 astogeny, 52–6 Akatopora, 73 Antarcticaetos, 42 Astrovidictya, 102 aktinostyles, 31 Antarctothoa, 65, 137 Atagma, 71, 143 Alcyonidium, 12, 17, 48, Antropora, 134, 143 attachment organ, 48 114, 140 aperture, 4, 5 Attinopora, 48 algal consortium hypothesis,COPYRIGHTED 31 Aplousina, Plate 6A MATERIALAulopora, 98, 145 algal epiphytes, 162 Apsendesia, 73 autofragmentation, 117 Allonema, 17 Arachnidium, 202, 215 automobility, 94, 113 Altshedata, 145 aragonite dissolution, 36, 37 autosyndrome, 10

Bryozoan Paleobiology, First Edition. Paul D. Taylor. © 2020 Natural History Museum. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

0004865606.INDD 311 6/16/2020 8:07:40 PM autozooids, 42–58 branching colonies, 94 Cambrian ‘bryozoans,’ 212–14 size, 42, 44 delicate, 94, Plate 6F–G cancelli, 88, 89 avicularia, 65–71, 66, 67, 69, robust, 94, Plate 6H–I cap‐like apparatus, 81 70, 143 brooding, 59–65 Carbasea, 59 adventitious, 54, 66, 67 duration, 60 carbonate compensation bird’s head, 67–8, 67 internal, 62, 63 depth, 164 giant, 66, 68 brood sac, 59 Cardioecia, 31 interzooidal, 66, 67 brown body, 2 Cardoarachnidium, 201, 202 oldest, 69–71, 69, 70 brown deposit, 3, Plate 4A Catellocaula, 147 vicarious, 66, 67 bryalgal bioherms, 169, Catenicellidae, 110 victims, 68 Plate 2G catenicelliform, 96 aviculomorphs, 72 Bryoconversor, 144 caudae, 42 axial bundle, 101, 102 bryoimmuration, 181, Plate 10I Cauloramphus, 61, 75, 143, axial cylinder, 101, 102 bryoliths, 114–16, 115, Plates 188, 229 axial zooids, 75 2C, 8F–G Cellaria, 15, 38, 95–6, 110, 151, bryostatin, 144 157, 169–70, Plate 6E B‐zooid, 68, 69 bryostromatolites, 153 cellariiform, 95–6 ‘Berenicea,’ 137 bryozoan habitats, 155–72 Cellarinella, 8, 152, 157, bacteria, 12, 151, 152, 153–4 bryozoarites, 176 Plate 7A balanuliths, 114 bud fusion, 100 Cellarinoides, 42 Barentsia, 163 budding Cellepora, 95–6 basal walls, 23 eruptive, 93, 100 Celleporaria, 68, 104, 145, 146, Batopora, 174 frontal, 6, 100 150, 162, 165, 171, Plates Batostoma, 29, 166 interzooecial, 101, Plate 4I 6D and 7C benthic islands, 161 intramural, 142–3, 143 Celleporella, 8, 65, 79, 99, 182, Bergmann’s Rule, 182 intrazooecial, 101 188–9 bifoliate colonies, 101, 108 intrazooidal, 134, 135 celleporiform, 95–6 Bimulticavea, 120 loci, 95 Celleporina, 39, 112, Plate 6I binders, 165, 167–8 multizooidal, 134, 135 Cellulipora, 121 bioclaustrations, 145, 146 rate, 9 Centronea, 121 biogeography, 191 reversed polarity, 142, 143 Ceramopora, 81 bioimmurations, 15, 16, 112 spiral, 100, 101 Ceriocava, 53, Plate 6H bioturbation, 115, 214, 241 Buckhorn asphalt, 27, 29 Ceriopora, 224 bipolar pair, 93, 103 Bugula, 8–9, 12, 27, 61, 67, 76, Chaeotosalpinx, 145, 147 Biselenaria, 100, 226 80, 127, 139–40, 144, 153, Chaperiopsis, 57 blades, 83 162–3, 165, 176, 189, 205 Charixa, 93 Blumenbachium, 24, 121 Bugulidae, 153 Chasmatopora, Plate 12F Bonellina, 226 Bugulina, 68, 123, 153, 189 Cheilostomata, 5, 17, 18 Boreasina, 229 Burnupena, 140–1 compared with cyclostomes, boring bryozoans see endolithic Buskia, 16 230–4 bryozoans phylogeny, 209 borings into bryozoans, 147, calcite seas, 34–6, 240 chimaeras, 10, 132 151, 152 calculi, 3 Chiplonkarina, 24, 49, 223, 224, Botryllopora, 64, 121 Callopora, 188 Plate 8N Bouchardia, 137 Calpensia, 47, 114, 162, Plate Chondriovelum, 169 branch bifurcation, 98, 101 8F–G cilia, 4, 49

312 INDEX

0004865606.INDD 312 6/16/2020 8:07:40 PM Cinctipora, 27, 156, 174–5 Constellaria, 121, Plate 10B Cyclostomata, 5, 17, 18, 19 class relationships, 200–1 convergent evolution, 6, 221–7 compared with cheilostomes, Clavopora, 15 Copidozoum, 18, 47 230–4 Clinopora, 195 coralliths, 115 compared with clonoteny, 7 Corambe, 140 palaeostomates, 227–8 closure plates, 52, 54, 223 Corbulella, 143 phylogeny, 207 cobble and pebble substrates, Corbulipora, 56 Cymodocea, 162 157–9 cormidial zooids, 88–9, 88 cyphonautes, 189–91, 209, 218 coelom, 2 Corynotrypa, 56, 93, 103, 137, cystid, 2 Coelotubipora, 75 143, 152, 154, 201, 202, 215 cystiphragms, 82, 121 cold seeps, 161–2 Coscinopleuridae, 9 Cystoporata, 17, 18, 19 collar (setigerous), 15, 129 costae, 46, 56, 73, 108, 221, Cystostroma, 166 collecting, 17–18 229, 230 collector curves, 239 Cradoscrupocellaria, 78 Dakariella, 185 colonial budding, 117 Crassimarginatella, 66 Dartevellopora, 164 colonial integration, 126–7 Crescis, 60 deep sea, 163–4 coloniality, 7 Cretaceous–Palaeogene delicate branching colonies, 92, colony dormancy, 11, 12 radiation, 218–20 94, 96, 180, Plate 6F–G colony‐forms, 6, Plates 6–8, cribrate colonies, 94, 122, 122, Deltoideum, 163 10–12 225, Plate 8C–D Demafinga, 17, Plate 7E classifications, 91–5 Cribricellina, 110 demizooids, 223 distributions through Cribrilina, 56, 94, 183 Dendrobeania, 140 geological time, 234–6 cribrimorphs, 46, 47, 56, 86, Densipora, 162, Plate 10H functional morphology, 135, 221, 229, 230, Plate 9D depth 102–116 Crisia, 22, 24, 59, 110, 169, 189 branch diameter, 174–6, 175 palaeoenvironments, 170–2 Crisidmonea, 124, 224 distributions, 172–6 colony longevity, 13 Crisiidae, 163 greatest recorded, 11 colony size, 1–2 Cristatella, 11 Dianulites, 94, 104, 114, Columnotheca, 8 Crisulipora, 30, 110, Plate 5C Plate 4C competition, 131–9, 231–3 Crownoporidae, 203 Diaperoecia, 75, 169, 175, 207, hierarchy, 133 crust‐mounds, 165 208, Plate 6F network, 133 cryptocyst, 46 Diaperoforma, 114–15 spatial, 132–9, 231–4 Cryptoarachnidium, 156 diaphragms, 80 trophic, 134, 139 Cryptopolyzoon, 15 basal, 52, 53, 74, 80, 83, 228 composite multiserial colonies, Cryptostomata, 17, 18, 19 ring, 74, 83 93, 98 cryptostyles, 32 terminal, 52, 53, 77, 80, 228 compound walls, 23, 24 Cryptostyloecia, 31 diatoms, 51 conchicoles, 150 Cryptosula, 127, 142, 169 dietellae see pore chambers condyles, 5, 54, 66, 85, 87 crystallography, 29 dioecious, 8 cone‐shaped colonies, 94, Ctenostomata, 15–17, 16 Diploporaria, 194 95, 114 Cuffeyella, 204 Diplosolen, 14, 77 Conescharellina, 96, 116 Culicia, 145, 146 Diplotrypa, 74, 150, Plate 4M conescharelliniform, 96, 116, 174 Cupuladria, 33, 68, 78, 79, 117, Discantenna, 95, 164 confrontational strategy, 103 164, 181, 190, 226 Discinisca, 163 Conopeum, 8, 52, 93, 149, 153, Cupuladriidae, 79, 226 Discoporella, 79, 117, 118 169, 182–3 cuticle, 5, 21, 164, 223, 233–4 Discoradius, 226

INDEX 313

0004865606.INDD 313 6/16/2020 8:07:40 PM dispersal, 8, 10, 188–91, 219 Eostenopora, 99 fertilization, 8, 59 Disporella, 31, 57, 136, 203 epibiont shadowing, 17 Ficopomatus, 153 dissepiments, 92, 224, 225 epistome, 15 Filicrisia, 57, 58 Distelopora, 62, 63 Epistomia, 2 Finichnus, 128, 129 diversity Erksonea, 73, 175 Fistuliphragma, 18 in caves, 160 Ernstipora, 124 Fistulipora, 84, 88, 166, 194, current related, 156 eruptive bud, 93 Plate 10C depth related, 157, 165, 173–4 Eschara, 95–6 Fistuliporidra, 145 latitude related, 187, 191–2, Escharella, Plate 6A fixed‐walled organization, 192, 203–4 eschariform, 96 208, 228 salinity related, 153 Escharoides, 137, 182 Floridina, 53 sediment related, 156 Esthonioporata, 17, 18, 19 Flustra, 1, 37, 66, 96, 101, 109, through geological time, etching bryozoans, 128, 129 139–40, 163 211–21, 231–3 Eurystomellidae, 140, 205 Flustrellidra, 31, Plate 5G Doridella, 140 euxinia, 216 flustriform, 96, 109 Doryporella, 22, 135 Evactinopora, 108–9, Plate 7H foliose colonies, 92, Plate Doryporellidae, 205 evolutionary tempo, 236–7 12A–C Drepanophora, 181 excurrent chimneys, 119–22, fossil substrates, 158 dropstones, 95, 157 119, 120, 122 fouling, 77, 132, 137 dwarf female zooids, 63, 64 Exechonella, 169, 181 Foveolaria, 169 Dyscritella, 74, 167, 195 exilazooids, 72, 74 Fovoporella, 60 Dyscritellina, 31, 32 Exochella, 143 fragmentation, 9, 116–18 Dysnoetopora, Plate 2F exosaccal cavity, 46 frame builders, 165, 168 exozone, 37, 48, 74 frame‐thickets, 165, 168 ecological succession, 131 exterior walls, 22, 23 free‐living colonies, 94, 112–18, ecophenotypic variation, 109 extrazooidal structures, 87–9, Plate 6L–M ectooecium, 59, 61 108, 109 free‐lying colonies, 104, 114, Eichwaldopora, 29, 121 Plate 6D Einhornia, 12, 43, 153 faecal pellets, 51 free‐walled organization, El Niño/La Niña–Southern fascicles, 120, Plate 8E 208, 228 Oscillation, 186 Fasciculipora, 27, 49, 176, frontal membrane, 46 Electra, 75, 79, 98, 134, 140, Plate 12I frontal shields, 46, 85, 86 143, 162, 182–3, 196 Fatkullina, 116 evolution, 228–30 Eleidae, 42, 71, 141 Favositella, 3 gymnocystal, 85, 86, 229, eleozooids, 71–2, 71, 143, 223 feeding, 49–51 Plate 9E Emballotheca, 196 multizooidal currents, 50, lepralioid, 85, 86, 229–30, embedment fossils, 145 119–25 Plate 9G–H endemism, 188 tiering, 111–12 spinocystal, 85, 86, 229, endolithic bryozoans, zooidal currents, 49, 50 Plate 9D 127–9, 128 Fenestella, 224, Plate 6K umbonuloid, 85, 86, 229–30, endozone, 37, 48, 74, 101, Plate Fenestrata, 17, 18, 19 Plate 9F 4D–E fenestrate colonies, 92, 224, frontal walls, 23, 140, Plate 9 Entalophora, 64, 101, 168–9, 225, Plates 6J–K, 8A, 12D–F fugitive strategy, 103 Plate 6G Fenestratopora, 72 fungiform colonies, 94, 95, 105 Entalophoroecia, 22, 57 fenestrule, 92, 123, 123 funiculus, 26, 127, 201 entooecium, 59, 61 Fenestrulina, 76, 86, 143 funnel cystiphragms, 82 entosaccal cavity, 46 Fenestulipora, 125, 224, 225 fusion, 10

314 INDEX

0004865606.INDD 314 6/16/2020 8:07:40 PM Gastrochaenolites, 151 Hexagonella, 121, Plate 10D Jasus, 141 Gelidium, 162 Hexaporites, 121 Jellyella, 12, 27, 30, 190 geminate pair, 111 Hiantopora, 196 Jullienipora, 42 genet, 8, 10 hiatus concretions, 160 Jurassic radiation, 217, 218 giant bud, 134, 135 hibernacula, 10 gizzard, 51 hinge bar, 66 Kanoshopora, 88, Plate 4J Glyptopora, 121 Hippodiplosia, 122, 227 kenozooids, 72, 73, 224, 230 gonozooids, 59, 60, 62, 64, Hippomenella, 39, 150 Kingopora, 167 207–8, 223, 228 Hippomonavella, 39 kleistozooids, 52 Gontarella, 218 Hippopodina, 67, 139 Kololopus, Plate 8E grazing, 116, 162, 179 Hippopodinella, 113 Kukersella, 75, 204 growth Hippoporidra, 33, 65, 113, Kukersellidae, 203 banding, 14, Plate 7A 149–50, Plate 11A, B, D–F Kunradina, 162 and colony‐form, 95–101 Hippothoa, 93, 103 rates, 13–14 Hislopia, 11 Labioporella, 81 gut, 2, 3 holdfast, 111 Lacrimula, 116 Gymnolaemata, 14–15 homosyndrome, 10 Laminopora, 37 Hornera, 25, 57, 88, 169, 203, 224 larvae, 8–10, 76, 189, 218–19 Habitat‐providing bryozoans, hot vents, 161–2 latitudinal diversity gradient, 150–4 hydrodynamic exposure, 104 191–2 Haimeina, 128 hypercalcification, 35, 36 Lazarus taxa, 217 Haliclona, 176 hypercapnia, 216 Leioclema, 80, 145 Halisarca, 144 Hyporosopora, 18, 60, 137, 168 Leptichnus, 129 Hallopora, 73, 74, 81, 166 Leptocheilopora, 63 Hangenberg Event, 216 Ibexella, 32 Leptotrypa, Plate 11H–I Haplopoma, 61 Idioclema, 82 Leptotrypella, 150 hardgrounds, 127, 159–60 Idmidronea, 106, 109, 124, 125, Lichenalia, 64, 227 Harmeria, 62, 64 169, 174 life histories, 125–6 Hastingsia, 53 Idmonea, 124, 125, Plate 6C Lilliput effect, 221 Hayamiellina, 5 Ikelarchimedes, 124 Liripora, 25 Haywardipora, 137 induced defences, 140 lithoimmurations, 15, 16 hemiphragms, 82 Integripelta, 140, 142 Lituaria, 214 hemisepta, 74, 82 intergrowths, 145, 146 living chamber, 49 Hemitrypa, 106–7, 108 interior walls, 22, 23 Lophelia, 165 hermaphrodite, 8 internodes, 94, 110 Lophophorata, 199–200 hermit crab symbionts, 65, 113, interstitial, 164 lophophores, 2, 3 129, 148–50, 148, Plate intertidal boulders, 157 bell‐shaped, Plate 5G 11A–G intramural bud, 93 horseshoe‐shaped, 4, 200 Herpetopora, 42, 56, 103, 126 intrazooecial fission, 81, 82, 105 obliquely truncate, 124, 125 Hesychoxenia, 58 Inversiula, 156 packing, 50, 51 Heteroconopeum, 179, 195, Iodictyum, Plate 6J protrusion and withdrawal, Plate 3D isotopes, 13 43–9 Heteronema, 213 iteroparity, 126 Lophotrochozoa, 200 Heteropora, 25, 30, 53, 73, 74–5, lunaria, 81, 83, 84, 121 174, 175, 203, 208 Jablonskipora, 219, 223 Lunostoma, 83 heterostyles, 31 Jaculina, 224, 225 Lunularia, 113 heterozoan carbonates, 176–8 Janassa, 141 Lunulariidae, 225

INDEX 315

0004865606.INDD 315 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM Lunulites, 95–6, 226, Plate membranous sac, 45–6, 48 mural spines, 29, 30, 31 6L–M Mesenteripora, 93 muscle scars, 47 Lunulitidae, 225, 227 Mesonopora, 99 Myriapora, 47, 58, 176, 217, 233 lunulitiform, 78, 79, 95–6, mesophotic, 170 112–13, 113, 164, 226 Mesotrypa, 72, 145, Plate 4B, I nanogranules, 21 colony propagation, 116–18 Mesozoic marine revolution, nanozooids, 73, 77 parallel evolution, 225–7 219 natural products, 109, 136, 140 lyre‐shaped colonies, 106, 124, mesozooids, 72, 74 necromass, 2 224, Plate 7G metabolite transfer, 126 negative growth, 2 Lyropora, 194, 224, Plate 7G Metalipora, 194 Nekhorosheviella, 18, 166, Lyroporidra, 224 Metrarabdotos, 8, 86, 109, 163, Plate 2D lyrula, 85, 87 169, 181–2, 236, 237 Nellia, 221 microbial mats, 104, 151–4, Nematoflustra, 77, 78 Macedonian phalanx, 135 152, 219 Nematopora, 18 Macrocystis, 162 microbialites, 153, 166, 169 Neosolenopora, 168 Macropora, 42, 43, 46, 47, 63, microborings, 151, 152 nervous system, 126 68, 69, 205, 206 Microeciella, 136 Nevianipora, 106, 169 maculae, 80, 120–22, Plate 10C microenvironmental variation, Nicholsonella, 166 Madrepora, 165 79–80, 109 nodes, 94, 110 male zooids see androzooids Micropora, 11, 12, 67, 68 Nudicella, 169, 225, 234 mandible, 66–8, 66, 71 Microporella, 47, 86, 137, 141, nutrient levels, 177–9, 221 mangroves, 163 142, 143, 182, 188, 192, Marcusodictyon, 213 Plate 12C ocean acidification, 127, Margaretta, 76, 110 Microporellidae, 205, 209 216–17, 240 marginal overgrowth, 132 Millepora, 176 Oculina, 132, 165 MART analysis, 184–6, 184, 221 mobile sediments, 164–5 Odontoporella, 65, Plate 11G mass extinctions molecular phylogenies, 205–9 Oichnus, 141 Cretaceous, 220–1 Mollia, 42 Okenia, 140 Danian, 220–1 monilae, 82 oldest bryozoan, 214, Plate 12G Devonian, 215–16 Monobryozoon, 2 oligoserial colonies, 98 Ordovician, 215 Monoporella, 63, 174, 205 Onchoporoides, 144 Permian, 216–17 Monotrypa, 18 oncoliths, 153–4, Plate 8J Triassic, 217 monticules, 119–22, 119, 120 Oncousoecia, 73 Meandropora, Plate 8M Monticulipora, 82 onshore–offshore gradient, 216 median lamina, 101, 102 Moorephylloporina, 18 ontogenetic gradients, 52 Meekoporella, 112, 113 morphogenetic gradients, 56 ontogeny, 51–2, 54 Melicerita, 13, 61, 73, 111, 157 morphological phylogenies, Onychocella, 67, 134, 160, 162 Meliceritites, 43, 71, 141, 142 204–5 Onychocellidae, 67, 225 Melychocella, 196 moulting, 164 ooecial vesicle, 61 Membranipora, 10, 13, 14, 21, mound colonies, 92, Plates ooeciopores, 59, 60, 223 33, 43, 58, 80, 95–6, 105, 4B, 6D ooecium, 62 119, 121, 127, 135–6, 140, Mucropetraliella, 57, 107, 126 opercula, 42, 43, 201, 202, 223 153, 162, 188–9, Plate 5A mud‐mounds, 165, 167 scars, 54 Membraniporidae, 58 multilayered growth, 103, 134 opesia, 46 membraniporiform, 95–6 mural hoods, 83 opesiule, 46, 47, 84 Membraniporopsis, 37, 75, 190 mural rim, 84 Orbiramus, 88, Plate 4D–F

316 INDEX

0004865606.INDD 316 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM orbituliporiform, 116 Paratethys, 169, 196–7 plate colonies, 92, Plates 6O–P, order relationships, 201–4, 203 Parellisina, 160 12A–H Ordovician radiation, 214–15 partial mortality, 2, 132 Platonea, 27, 137, 169 orifice, 4, 5 Patinella, 60, 169 plectriform apparatus, 85 beaded, 85, 87 Patulopora, 195 Plumatellidae, 241 primary, 85 paurostyles, 31 Pocillopora, 176 secondary, 85 Pectinatella, 2 polyembryony, 59, 227 Orthopora, 106 Pelagonema, 143 polymetallic nodules, 164 Osprioneides, 151 pelmata, 5 polymorphs, 58–79, 240 ostreoliths, 114 Pelmatopora, 47, 73 cleaning, 77 Otionellidae, 225 Penetrantia, 127 defensive, 65–72 overgrowths, 93, 106, 107 Penniretepora, 194 locomotory, 77–9 ovicells, 59–62, 61–3, 65, 86 Pentapora, 1, 2, 13–14, 25, 68, reproductive, 59–65 immersion, 62 86, 152, 183–4, 205, Plate structural, 72–5 spinose, 62, 63 6O–P polypide, 2 peripheral fragmentation, cycling, 2, 4, 127 Pachycerianthus, 76 117, 118 tube, 81, 85 Pachydictya, Plate 12H peristomes, 52, 53, 81, 84, 121 pore chambers, 25, 26 pagurid facets, 148, Plate 11C Peronopora, 37, 237 Porella, 137, 143, Plate 12B paguroids see hermit crabs Petralia, 96, 224 pores, 24–6, 25, 228 palaeobathymetry, 172–6 Petraliella, Plate 8K Poricella, 174 palaeobiogeography, 193–7 petraliiform, 96 Poricellaria, 240 Cenozoic, 196–7 Phanerozoic diversity changes, Porina, 169 Cretaceous, 195–6 211–13 Posidonia, 163 Devonian, 194 assemblages, 213 Powellitheca, 57, 158 Carboniferous, 194 genera, 212 Prasopora, 82, 104 Jurassic, 195 species, 213 predators, 13, 109, 139–43 Ordovician, 193 pharynx, 48 drillings, 141–2, 142 Permian, 194 Pherusella, 151 stomach contents, 141 Silurian, 193 Phidoloporidae, 224 Primavelans, 61 Triassic, 194–5 philopatry, 8 productivity, 116, 155 palaeoclimatology, 181–6 phoronids, 7, 15, 199–200 Prophyllodictya, 214, Plate 12G Palaeocoryne, 111, 112 Phoronis, 200, Plate 5H protoecium, 56–8, 57, 200, 208 Palaeostomata, 17 phosphatic pearls see calculi size, 227–8 brood chambers, 63–4, 64 phosphatisation, 18, 129 Pseudoalcyonidium, 163 compared with cyclostomes, photozoan carbonates, 176–8 pseudoancestrula, 93, 100 227–8 Phylactella, 94 Pseudobatostomella, 195, Palaeozyglopleura, 150 Phylactolaemata, 14–15 Plate 4N Paleotubuliporina, 203 phylum relationships, 199–200 pseudoborings see palmate colonies, 92, 108, 122, phytoplankton, 50 bioclaustrations Plates 6N–O, 12G–H Pierrella, 15, 16 Pseudocelleporina, 58 Palmularia, 76 pinnate colony, 94, Plate 8B pseudocoel, 46 Paludicella, Plate 5B Pirabasoporella, 224 Pseudoflustra, 196, 205 Parachnoidea, 161 placenta, 62 Pseudohornera, 202 Parasmittina, 61, 68, 75, 87, Plagioecia, 53, 60, 77 Pseudolunulites, 226 125, 135, 188 planar spherulitic fabric, 22, 23 pseudoplanktonic, 12

INDEX 317

0004865606.INDD 317 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM pseudopores, 5, 24–6, 25, 86, 87 reteporiform, 95–6 Schizoporella, 6, 14, 100, 104, Pseudorhabdomeson, 102 Reteporina, Plate 8A 114–15, 139, 151, 169, 176, pseudovinculariiform, 96, 112 Reticrescis, Plate 10E 183, 190 Psychrochlamys, 156 Reticrisina, 124, Plate 8L Schizorthosecos, 76 Ptilodictya, 111, Plate 7F Reticulipora, 124 sclerobionts, 103, 131–2, 136–9, Ptilofenestella, 106, 123 reticuliporiform, 124, Plates 153, 159, 173, 180, 216, Puellina, 25, 42, 67, 137, 159, 8L, 10E 228, 231 169, Plate 6A Retihornera, 224 Scorpiodinipora, 188 pumice rafting, 190 Reussirella, 226 Scruparia, 205 punctuated equilibria, 236 Rhabdomeson, 32, 101, 194 Scrupocellaria, 75, 77, 205 punctuated speciation, 237 Rhabdozoum, 174 scuta, 75 Pustulopora, 174 Rhagasostoma, 55, 135, 222 seagrasses, 104, 111, 162–3, Pyriporoides, 93 Rhammatopora, 55, 93 Plate 10F–H Pyriporopsis, 195, 201, 202 Rhinopora, 64, 227 secondary attachments, 106 Pywackia, 214 rhizooids, 76 secondary metabolites see rhodoliths, 114 natural products rafting, 189–91, 219 Rhombocladia, 26 sediment bafflers, 165, 168 ramet, 10 Rhombopora, 14 sediment producers, 176–81, Ramipora, 88, 125 Rhombotrypa, 101, Plate 4G Plate 3 rampart strategy, 136 Rhynchozoon, 85, 87 latitudinal distribution, 178–9 reciprocal overgrowth, 132, ribbon colonies, 92, 94 sediment trappers, 165 133, 137 ring scar, 86 sedimentation, 156, 164, 170 Rectifenestella, 167 ring septa, 82 Selenaria, 33, 65, 79, 113, 126 rectum, 48 robust branching colonies, 92, Seleneriidae, 225 reefs and mounds, 165–70 94, 96, 180, Plate 6H–I semelparity, 126 Carboniferous, 167 rocky shorelines, 157 semi‐nacre, 27, 28 Cretaceous, 168 Rogerella, 151 Semicoscinium, Plate 12E Devonian, 167 rootlets, 76, 111, 116, Plate Septastrea, 149 Jurassic, 168 7A, D Septopora, 227, Plate 12D Ordovician, 166, Plate 2D Ropalonaria, 128 septulae, 25, 26 Neogene, 169–70, Plate 2G Rorypora, 225 setae, 66–7, 77, 78, 79, 112, 225 Palaeogene, 168–9, Plate 2E rosette cells, 26 Setosellina, 96 Permian, 167–8 rostrozooids, 223 setoselliniform, 96 Quaternary, 170 Rothpletzella, 153 sheet colonies, 92, 93, 103, Recent, 165 row bifurcation, 99 Plates 1C, 6A, 8I Silurian, 166–7 runner colonies, 92, 93, 103 shellbeds, 160–1 Triassic, 168 shellgrounds, 160–1 Reginella, 137 saccule, 11 silicification, 18, 168, 214, 241, Reptadeonella, 58, 64, 68 salinity, 11–12, 153, 179 Plates 2D, 10J, 12D–E, G Reptoclausa, 157 Sanctum, 151, 180 Simplicidium, 16 Reptomultelea, 71, 93, 223 Sargassum, 12, 190 Sinoflustra, 67 Reptomultisparsa, 5, 60, 137, scanning electron microscopy, sinus, 46, 47, 85 148, 228, Plate 11C 19–20 Siphoniotyphlus, Plate 6N Reptonoditrypa, 168 Schallreuterella, 201 skeletal geochemistry, 37–9 Retepora, 95 Schischatella, 19 magnesium, 37–8, 38 Reteporella, 169 Schizomavella, 114, 120 stable light isotopes, 38–9

318 INDEX

0004865606.INDD 318 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM skeletal growth, 26 study techniques, 17–20 Thalamoporellidae, 30 skeletal mineralogy, 33–7 styles, 29, 31, 32, 82, 102, 222 Thalassia, 104, 162, 176 bimineralic, 36–7, 227 Stylodefranciopora, 105 Thalassocharis, 162 latitudinal variation, 33, 34 Stylopoma, 58, 68, 125, 181, Thalassodendron, 162 and seawater chemistry, 34–6 188–9, 236 Thallasinoides, 169 skeletal structures, 80–7 subcolonies, 55, 105, 112, 113, Thamniscus, 83 skeletal ultrastructures, 114, 121, 124, Plates 8H, Therenia, 196 26–9, 27 10B, D thin section orientations, 7, 19 skeletal wall types, 22–4 submarine caves, 160 Thornleya, Plate 10F Smaragdia, 163 substrates, 12–13, 15, 17–18, 20, tiering, 111–12, 214 Smittina, 144 92, 95, 103–5, 111–12, 114, Timanodictya, 18 Smittoidea, 190 127–8, 131–4, 137, 139, 145, Timanodictyina, 17, 18, 19, 202 Spathipora, 128 150, 152, 155–62, 158, tower cells, 135 spatial refuges, 103 165–6, 173, 179–80, 189–90, transitivity, 132 Spatiopora, 120, Plate 10A 225, 233–4 transportation, 163, 174, 181 sperm, 8, 65, 113, 201 Sueviota, 151 tree colonies, 92, Plate 6F–I dilution, 59 superstructures, 87, 106–7, 108, Trematooecia, 141 spicules, 30 124, Plate 12D–E Trematopora, 183 spines, 29–32, 30, 111, 134 symbionts, 144–50 Tremogasterina, 174 Spinofenestella, 225 bacteria, 144 Trepostomata, 17, 18, 19 spinozooids, 75 conchicoles, 150, Plate 11H–I Tricellaria, 190 spinules, 29, 30, 31 corals, 145, 146 Tricephalopora, 57 spiral overgrowth, 93, 100, 107 hermit crabs, 148–50, 148, Trigonodictya, 102 spiramen, 46, 54, 85 Plate 11A–G Trilophopora, 229, 230 Spiritopora, 207 hydroids, 136 Triphyllozoon, 151 Spiropora, 101, 176 myxozoans, 144 trophic resources, 12 Spirula, 12, 190 sponges, 144 Trypanites, 147, 151 spot colonies, 92, 94, 103, 233 Synnotum, 76 Trypostega, 86, 229, 230 stand‐off, 132, 133, 137, 138 Synocladia, 167 tubercles, 31 statoblasts, 10, 11, 188–9, 241 Syringothenia, 17 tubular colonies, 94, Plate 8K Staurosteginopora, 229 Tubulipora, 82, 169 Steginoporella, 3, 68, 69, 174, Tabulipora, 12, 29, 32, 73, 74 Turbicellepora, 158 181, 188–9, 196, Plate 2 Tabuliporidae, 82 turbidity, 164 Stellatoides, 147 Tamanicella, 169, 170 Turnerellina, 86 Stenolaemata, 14–15, 17 taphonomy, 179–81, 180, 241 Stenophragmidium, 32, 82 articulated colonies, 94 Ubaghsia, 106–7, 108, 230 Stenopora, 6, 94, 194 taxonomy, 14–17 uniserial colonies, 98 Stenoporella, 29, 82 Tebitopora, 19, Plate 4K–L unitary multiserial colonies, 98 Stephanella, Plate 5E Tecatia, 128 upwelling, 170, 177–8, 185 Stictoporellina, Plate 8C Telopora, 25, 30 Urosalpinx, 142 Stigmatella, 159 tentacle crown see lophophores stolons, 136 tentacle sheath, 5, 44, 45, 48, vertical walls, 23 stomach, 48 Plate 5B vesicles, 88 Stomatopora, 25, 55, 79, 93, 98, Terebellaria, 106, 107 vestibule, 46 125, 158 Thalamoporella, 30, 132, 151, vibracula, 67, 77–9, 112, 113, Streblotrypa, 102 162, 189, 196, Plate 5D 225–6

INDEX 319

0004865606.INDD 319 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM Victorella, 10 Watersipora, 10, 43, 126, X‐ray tomography, 20 Vincularia, 95–6, 163, 132, 139 240 Waulsortian mounds, 167 Zigzagopora, 215, Plate 6B vinculariiform, 95–6 Wilbertopora, 25, 54, 61, zoarium, 6 vine colonies, 92, Plate 1B 62, 67, 69, 70, 73, 137, zooeciules, 86 Voigtopora, 158 205, 219 zooecium, 6 Volviflustrellaria, 114–16, woodgrounds, 163 zooid size, 42–3, 44, 182–3 115, 195 Worthenopora, 32, 222 zooxanthellae, 12

320 INDEX

0004865606.INDD 320 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM 0004865606.INDD 321 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM 0004865606.INDD 322 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM 0004865606.INDD 323 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM 0004865606.INDD 324 6/16/2020 8:07:41 PM