DOCSLIB.ORG

Spermaturia and Puberty Arch Dis Child: First Published As 10.1136/Adc.69.3.384 on 1 September 1993

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spermaturia and Puberty Arch Dis Child: First Published As 10.1136/Adc.69.3.384 on 1 September 1993 384 Archives of Disease in Childhood 1993; 69: 384-387 Spermaturia and puberty Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.69.3.384 on 1 September 1993. Downloaded from Juri L Pedersen, Karsten Nysom, Merete J0rgensen, Claus T Nielsen, J0rn MuAller, Niels Keiding, Niels E Skakkeblek Abstract particularly a problem in cross sectional The pattern of spermaturia in boys at studies. In a longitudinal study we have different stages of puberty was investi- previously made corrections of the time of first gated. Fractionated 24 hour urine was observed spermaturia to estimate the time of collected for nine consecutive days from spermarche, calculated to be some months eight boys aged 13-14 years and 10 boys earlier than the first observed spermaturia.' A aged 15-17 years. Spermatozoa were similar correction has not previously been detected by microscopic examination of possible in cross sectional studies. the sediment. Sex characteristics were The objectives of the present study were (i) recorded. Fifty five per cent of all urine to describe the pattern of spermaturia in early samples were positive for sperm and and late stages of puberty and (ii) to determine all boys showed spermaturia. A large the occurrence of false negative samples and variation in spermaturia was found their relation to age and sex characteristics, between and within boys at the same stage thus simplifying the estimation of the age of of puberty. Spermaturia was a more spermarche in future cross sectional studies. common and regular event during early and mid-puberty than in more mature subjects. This indicates that the mech- Subjects and methods anism of spermaturia in early and late SUBJECTS puberty could be different. It is suggested All boys from four classes of seventh grade (age that spermaturia in non-virilised boys 13-14 years) and five classes of ninth or tenth could be a result of a spontaneous, con- grade (age 15-17 years) of two municipal tinuous flow of spermatozoa to the schools in Copenhagen were asked to urethra in contrast with the peristaltic participate. Of 85 boys asked, 19 agreed to flow during ejaculation occurring at a deliver urine samples. The following criteria of later stage ofpuberty. exclusion were applied: (a) acute diseases (Arch Dis Child 1993; 69: 384-387) within the last two weeks before and during the observation period; (b) chronic disease; (c) previous orchitis; (d) varicocele; (e) enuresis; Spermarche has been defined as the first and (f) any testis <4 ml. Only one boy was http://adc.bmj.com/ spermaturia,l1 and this event has been con- excluded, because of a testicular size less than sidered an important milestone in male 4 ml. Urine was thus collected from 18 healthy puberty. A few longitudinal studiesl 5 6 as well normal boys. as cross sectional studies24 have estimated the median age of spermarche to be 13-14 years. Sperm can be detected in the urine of boys METHODS after the spermarche.7 Sperm negative urine All boys were examined by the same investi- on October 1, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. samples occur after the achievement of gator. Genital and pubic hair stage were spermarche, however, and this phenomenon classified according to Tanner.'1 Testicular has been considered a 'false negative' observa- volume was assessed with the orchidometer of tion. Prader.12 Axillary hair stage was recorded. For Department of Growth Previous studies have described a few cases nine consecutive days each boy collected and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, of spermaturia in boys at an immature stage of fractionated 24 hour urine: the day sample was University of puberty, including examples of completely collected from 8 am to 8 pm and the night Copenhagen, Denmark non-virilised boys with no signs of puberty.6 7 sample from 8 pm to 8 am, including the first J L Pedersen K Nysom The mechanism of spermaturia in these boys is morning void. Plastic containers (2-5 1) C T Nielsen enigmatic, because studies have shown that containing 500 mg ampicillin in 5 ml water J Muller spermaturia from adults is the consequence of were provided for urine collection. The N E Skakkebxk urethral washing after ejaculations,8 and the samples were thoroughly mixed and 200 ml Statistical Research only two known studies of the onset of ejacula- analysed. A method for detecting spermatozoa Unit, Faculty of Health tions in puberty showed that boys were gener- in urine has been reported by Baldwin7 and Science, University of in middle or late before modified by Richardson and Short.6 With Copenhagen ally puberty they M Jorgensen experienced their first ejaculations.9 10 These minor changes this method was applied in our N Keiding observations seem to indicate that there is a study. In brief, the principle was two from the volume and Correspondence to: shift in the mechanism of spermaturia centrifugations, reducing Dr Niels E Skakkebeek, early to late puberty. All previous studies of concentrating the precipitate, which was Department of Growth and Reproduction, spermarche have been hampered by the examined by microscopy. Thirty high power Rigshospitalet, common occurrence of false negative samples. fields (X400) were examined by phase contrast 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen 0, Consequently, the finding of a sperm negative microscopy in each of two drops of precipitate. Denmark. sample does not necessarily mean that Forty high power fields (x250) were examined Accepted 28 May 1993 spermarche has not been achieved. This is by light microscopy in each of two Spermaturia and puberty 385 Papanicolaou stained smears. If spermatozoa for independence within this model was were seen, the urine sample was considered to performed by calculating the exact p value for Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.69.3.384 on 1 September 1993. Downloaded from be positive. The sensitivity of the method has each boy separately. not been evaluated. Tests for the difference in occurrence of spermaturia between night and day and between individual boys as well as tests for the ETHICS interaction between boys and night/day were All boys and their parents gave informed performed separately for each of the age consent for participation in the study. The groups 13-14 and 15-17 years using standard procedures followed were in accordance with logistic regression. the revised Helsinki Declaration of 1983. The Tests for relating the individual differences study was accepted by the local ethical in the occurrence of spermaturia to age and committee. primary and secondary sex characteristics were performed using standard logistic regression. STATISTICS Analysis ofthe dependence between the results Results of successive observations from each boy was All boys showed spermaturia at least once performed using a runs test.'3 This test is during the period of the study. Table 1 gives based on a Markov model assumption of order the basic characteristics of the boys and table 2 1, specifying that the occurrence of a sperm gives the pattern of spermaturia. For three positive sample depends on the occurrence of boys one urine sample each was missing; two spermatozoa in the previous sample. The test day samples and one night sample. On one occasion the day and night samples were mixed Table 1 Basic characteristics ofthe boys and showed spermaturia. A total of 174 of 319 (55%) urine samples Boy Age Mean testis Genital Pubic hair Axillary showed spermaturia - that is, 45% of the urine No (years)* volume (ml)t staget staget hair stageS samples were false negative. For the boys aged 13-50 11-00 3-0 3-5 2-0 13-14 36% of 2 14-00 15-00 3 0 3 0 1.0 years the urine samples were 3 13-50 9 00 2-0 1-5 1-0 false negative and for the boys aged 15-17 4 14-25 13-50 4 0 40 1-0 years 53% of the urine were 5 13-25 8-00 2-0 1-0 1-0 samples false 6 13-75 17-50 4-0 4-0 2-0 negative. The frequency of false negative 7 13-25 11-00 3 0 3-0 2-0 in 8 14-00 8-00 2-5 2-5 2-0 samples the individual boys varied from 0 to 9 16-00 20-00 5 0 5 0 2-5 94%, with the boys in the group aged 15-17 10 15-25 16-25 5-0 5-0 3 0 years showing the 11 15-50 25-00 5 0 5 0 3-0 greatest variation. Assuming 12 16-00 25-00 5*0 5 0 3 0 that at least one positive 12 hour urine sample 13 15-75 18-75 4-5 4-5 2-0 yields a 24 hour 14 16-00 15-00 4-5 4-5 3 0 positive urine sample, 27% of 15 17-25 25-00 5 0 5 0 3 0 the 24 hour urine samples would be false 16 16-75 20-00 4-5 4-5 3 0 negative (table 2). For the http://adc.bmj.com/ 17 16-25 20-00 4-0 4-0 2-0 boys aged 13-14 18 16-25 15-00 4-5 40 2-0 years 15% would be false negative, and for the boys aged 15-17 years 36% would be false * Age: grouped in three month intervals. t Mean testicular volume: right plus left testicular volumes negative. divided by two. There were no signs of dependence between t Genital stage and pubic hair stage: according to Tanner."l Evaluation 4-5 is written as 4-5. the results of successive observations for any of S Axillary hair stage: 1, no hair; 2, hair but non-adult; 3, adult the 18 boys - that is, no difference between the type.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Novel Ways of Assessing Puberty
    NOVEL WAYS OF ASSESSING PUBERTY Findings from the Adolescent Rural Cohort Study of Hormones, Health, Education, Environments and Relationships Ben W.R. Balzer B.Med.Sc., M.B., B.S. (Syd.) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Primary Supervisor: Professor Katharine S. Steinbeck Medical Foundation Chair in Adolescent Medicine, The University of Sydney 2019 STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICATION This thesis is submitted to the University of Sydney in fulfilment of the requirement is for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original except as acknowledged in the text. I hereby declare that I have not submitted this material, either in full or in part, for a degree at this or any other institution. Signature: Ben W.R. Balzer Date: 3 June 2019 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Professor Kate Steinbeck for her role as my primary supervisor. I have worked with Kate since 2010, when I first joined the Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine as a Summer Research Scholar. Her expertise, supervision and support have been inspiring and have brought this thesis to fruition. Thank you also to my associate supervisors, Professor David Handelsman and Associate Professor Catherine Hawke, whose time and input have benefitted me greatly and been vital to this project’s success. I wish to acknowledge the National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant awarded to Professor SteinbecK and I am grateful for personal support from the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine through the Postgraduate Research Support Scheme and the Dean’s Scholarship Fund Conference Grant.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Potential and Putative Risks of Fertility Preservation in Children Utilizing Gonadal Tissue Or Germline Stem Cells
    0031-3998/06/5904-0040R PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Vol. 59, No. 4, Pt 2, 2006 Copyright © 2006 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Clinical Potential and Putative Risks of Fertility Preservation in Children Utilizing Gonadal Tissue or Germline Stem Cells KIRSI JAHNUKAINEN, JENS EHMCKE, OLLE SO¨ DER, AND STEFAN SCHLATT Department of Cell Biology and Physiology [K.J., J.E., S.S.], Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Pediatrics [K.J], University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Woman and Child Health [K.J., O.S], Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT: Rapid progress in the development of novel experi- a finite stock of oocytes at birth. Only a few oocytes will be mental strategies to generate fertile gametes from cryo-preserved released during ovulation during reproductive life. The ma- ovarian and testicular tissue motivates oncologists to investigate jority will be lost due to atretic degeneration, and replenish- ways in which gonadal tissue might be preserved. Childhood cancer ment of the oocyte pool from germline stem cells does not patients remain the major pediatric group which can benefit from occur (3–5) (Fig. 1). However, recent reports have challenged these techniques. Other potential candidates include patients with this concept. It has been shown that primordial germ cells in systemic diseases, which require gonadotoxic chemotherapy, patients undergoing gonadectomy, patients with Turner or Kleinefelter’s syn- culture dishes are capable of forming oogonia and follicle-like drome, and boys with cryptorchid testes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Incidence and Survival of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer and the Effects of Treatment on Future Fertility and Endocrine Development
    REVIEW A review of the incidence and survival of childhood and adolescent cancer and the effects of treatment on future fertility and endocrine development M H Botha, MMed (O&G), PhD Unit for Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Tygerberg, Western Cape T F Kruger, MB ChB, MPharmMed (Clin Pharm), MMed (O&G), FCOG (SA), FRCOG (Lond), MD Unit for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital Cancer is not uncommon in children. The reproductive system is an important site for late effects of cancer treatment, and normal pubertal development depends on an undamaged hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Fertility compromise can occur due to chemotherapy, radiotherapy to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, or surgery. Cryopreservation techniques of germ cells are improving and may offer hope for fertility preservation. S Afr J OG 2012;18(2):48-53. Cancer is not an uncommon diagnosis in children. The incidence Older children and young adults have historically not been of childhood cancer (generally referring to children up to the age of studied to the same extent as young children with regard to 15) is 110 - 130 per million children per annum.1 It is estimated that cancer incidence. The age range for adolescence for the purpose the cumulative risk of a child being diagnosed with cancer is slightly of scientific reporting has been set at 15 - 19 years.6 More recently higher in boys (1:444) compared with girls (1:594).2 In South Africa the concept of ‘young adult oncology’ has referred to a larger group accurate figures for childhood cancer are not available.
    [Show full text]
  • Preservation of Fertility in Patients with Cancer (Review)
    ONCOLOGY REPORTS 41: 2607-2614, 2019 Preservation of fertility in patients with cancer (Review) SOFÍA DEL-POZO-LÉRIDA1, CRISTINA SALVADOR2, FINA MARTÍNEZ-SOLER3, AVELINA TORTOSA3, MANUEL PERUCHO4,5 and PEPITA GIMÉNEZ-BONAFÉ1 1Department of Physiological Sciences, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona; 2Department of Gynecology, Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproduction Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona; 3Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L' Hospital et del Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; 4Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; 5Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), of the Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain Received January 18, 2019; Accepted March 6, 2019 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7063 Abstract. Survival rates in oncological patients have been techniques evaluated. Emerging techniques are promising, steadily increasing in recent years due to the greater effec- such as the cryopreservation in orthotopic models of ovarian tiveness of novel oncological treatments, such as radio- and or testicle tissues, artificial ovaries, or in vitro culture prior chemotherapy. However, these treatments impair the reproduc- to the autotransplantation of cryopreserved tissues. However, tive ability of patients, and may cause premature ovarian failure oocyte vitrification for female patients and sperm banking for in females and azoospermia in males. Fertility preservation male patients are considered the first line fertility preserva- in both female and male oncological patients is nowadays tion option at the present time for cancer patients undergoing possible and should be integrated as part of the oncological treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide for Teaching About Adolescent Sexuality and Reproductive Health
    CHRISTIAN FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION: A Guide for Teaching about Adolescent Sexuality and Reproductive Health Written by Shirley Miller for Margaret Sanger Center International © 2001 ~ This guide was written especially for Christians and others who value the importance of talking comfortably and effectively with young people and adults about issues related to healthy sexuality and reproductive health. It provides state of the art information on a variety of topics related to human sexuality, gender, adolescents, growth and development, parenting, domestic violence, STIs, HIV/AIDS, sexual abuse, substance abuse, conflict resolution, goal setting and other important life issues. ~ Margaret Sanger Center International, Copyright 2001 2 CONTENTS Page PREFACE..............................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION: Why Christian Family Life Education? .............10 Important Issues Concerning Adolescents.....................................13 PART ONE: CHRISTIAN FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION About This Guide..................................................................................16 Objectives of the Christian Family Life Education Programme............18 Characteristics of an Effective Christian Family Life Educator ...........20 Providing Support for Parents ..............................................................22 Communicating with Young People about Sex....................................23 Clarifying Values ..................................................................................25
    [Show full text]
  • Kristen Cain, MD, FACOG Reproductive Medicine Institute Sanford Health, Fargo, ND
    Kristen Cain, MD, FACOG Reproductive Medicine Institute Sanford Health, Fargo, ND s Nothing to Disclose s Reproductive age patients value their fertility Survival of childhood and adult cancers is increasing Treatment and preservation options continue to evolve Failure to discuss fertility issues with young cancer patients can have lasting negative consequences Duffy C et al, Cancer J 2009, 15;27-33. Simon B et al CA Cancer J Clin 2005 55;211-228 Annually more than 130,000 cancer patients are diagnosed in their reproductive years (up to 45) 1 More than 11,000 breast cancer patients are diagnosed under the age of 40 each year 2 21% of gynecologic cancer patients are diagnosed under the age of 45 3 12,000 children (0-19) are diagnosed with cancer each year 4 5-7% invasive breast cancer cases occur in women under the age of 40 (www.seer.cancer.gov.2008 ) 1 American Cancer Society & U.S. Census Bureau 2 Young Survival Coalition 3 Liou WS, Yap S, et al., Fertility and Sterility, 2005. 4 Goodwin T, Ooosterhuis BE, et al., Pediatric Blood Cancer,s 2007. Increasing Cancer Survival Rates Increased Emphasis on Quality of Life + Many Successful Fertility Preservation & Post-treatment Parenthood Options = Patients Need Information About Fertility Risks & Options s Cancer Survivorship Rates are High 77% percent of patients under 45 survive at least five years 1 US Trend: Delayed Childbearing Average age for first child is 25.2 – an all time high 2 More patients have not had children when diagnosed Nearly ¼ of first-time live births occur to women over the age of 30 1 SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1997-2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Onset of the Release of Spermatozoa (Spermarche) in Chinese Male Youth
    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY 12:577–587 (2000) Onset of the Release of Spermatozoa (Spermarche) in Chinese Male Youth CHENG-YE JI1* AND SEIJI OHSAWA2 1Department of Health Care Epidemiology, Beijing Medical University, Beijing, China 2Institute of Human Living Sciences, Otsuma Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT Data on the prevalence of the first ejaculating emission for 83,902 Chinese boys 9 through 18 years were collected using interviews. Median spermarcheal ages (MSAs) were calculated by using the status quo data and probit analysis. Subjects consisted of 61,812 Han boys from urban and rural areas in 29 provinces, and 22,090 minority boys from 17 minority ethnic groups. Median spermarcheal ages were 14.24 years for urban Han boys and 14.85 years for rural Han boys, and ranged from 13.46 to 16.32 years for the 17 minority ethnic groups. The differences in MSAs between urban and rural Han boys in each province were significant and the correlation ,0.83 ס between MSA of urban and rural boys in each province was high (r P < 0.001). For both urban and rural Han boys, there were significant geo- graphic variations. MSAs of boys living in north China were generally higher than those living in the south, while those living in the west were higher than those living in the east. Variation in MSA may be related to ecological con- ditions in the Chinese Han populations. The different estimates of spermar- cheal ages with two approaches, periodical urine sample analysis vs. inter- view, and their effect on estimating male puberty are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure 3-7. Exposure-Response Array of Female Reproductive Effects, Maternal Weight and Toxicity, Following Oral Exposure to DIBP
    EPA/635/R-14/333 Preliminary Materials www.epa.gov/iris Preliminary Materials for the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Toxicological Review of Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) (CASRN No. 84-69-5) September 2014 NOTICE This document is comprised of preliminary materials. This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. It is being circulated for review of its technical accuracy and science policy implications. National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Preliminary Materials for the IRIS Toxicological Review of Diisobutyl Phthalate DISCLAIMER This document is comprised of preliminary materials for review purposes only. This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This document is a draft for review purposes only and does not constitute Agency policy. ii DRAFT—DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Preliminary Materials for the IRIS Toxicological Review of Diisobutyl Phthalate CONTENTS PREFACE .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Teen Years Explained: a Guide to Healthy Adolescent Development
    T HE T EEN Y THE TEEN YEARS EARS EXPLAINED EXPLAINED A GUIDE TO THE TEEN YEARS EXPLAINED: HEALTHY A GUIDE TO HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT ADOLESCENT : By Clea McNeely, MA, DrPH and Jayne Blanchard ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT A GUIDE TO HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT The teen years are a time of opportunity, not turmoil. The Teen Years Explained: A Guide to Healthy Adolescent Development describes the normal physical, cognitive, emotional and social, sexual, identity formation, and spiritual changes that happen during adolescence and how adults can promote healthy development. Understanding these changes—developmentally, what is happening and why—can help both adults and teens enjoy the second decade of life. The Guide is an essential resource for all people who work with young people. © 2009 Center for Adolescent Health at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Printed in the United States of America. Printed and distributed by the Center for Adolescent Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Clea McNeely & Jayne Blanchard For additional information about the Guide and to order additional copies, please contact: Center for Adolescent Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 615 N. Wolfe St., E-4543 Baltimore, MD 21205 www.jhsph.edu/adolescenthealth 410-614-3953 ISBN 978-0-615-30246-1 Designed by Denise Dalton of Zota Creative Group Clea McNeely, MA, DrPH and Jayne Blanchard THE TEEN YEARS EXPLAINED A GUIDE TO HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Clea McNeely, MA, DrPH and Jayne Blanchard THE TEEN YEARS EXPLAINED A GUIDE TO HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT By Clea McNeely, MA, DrPH Jayne Blanchard With a foreword by Nicole Yohalem Karen Pittman iv THE TEEN YEARS EXPLAINED CONTENTS About the Center for Adolescent Health ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Module 3 Basics of Growing Up- Understanding Adolescence
    Module 3 Basics of Growing up- Understanding Adolescence Module 3: Basics of Growing up – Understanding Adolescence FLOW CHART Content Flow at A Glance Module 3: Basics of Growing Up – Understanding Adolescence Subject/topic/activity Objective Page No. Exercise on understanding the To understand the physical 3-3 to 3-5 physical changes of changes that take place during adolescence. adolescence and to know the reasons for them. Exercise on cognitive and To know and become aware of 3-6 to 3-8 emotional changes during the emotional and cognitive adolescence. cha nges that take place during adolescence. Exercise on understanding To become aware of sex and 3-9 to 3-10 ‘Sex’ and ‘Sexuality’. sexuality. Exercise on sexual maturity. To identify the sexual organs in 3-11 to 3 -13 the body Exercise on sexual maturity. To understand the prevalent 3-14 to 3 -17 beliefs on sex and sexuality among the participants. Exercises on nutrition during To understand the eating habits 3-18 to 3 -22 adolescence. of young people. To become aware of the consequences of unhealthy eating. To become aware of the food that is healthy and nutritious. 3-1 Module 3: Basics of Growing up – Understanding Adolescence Module 3 Basics of Growing Up – Understanding Adolescence “I – I hardly know sir, just at present at least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been changed several times since….” Alice in Wonderland I Introduction s one grows up, one experiences many changes. There are changes in the body; in the way one behaves and the way others expect one to be.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Growth and Development During Adolescence
    10/14/14 Overview • Context Physical Growth and Development • Features of puberty during Adolescence • Evaluation of pubertal development • Adolescent brain development • Resources Annie Hoopes Adolescent Medicine Fellow/LEAH Senior Fellow November 8, 2013 Puberty Basics • Outcomes of puberty • Adult size and appearance • Clear distinction between sexes Features of • Ability to reproduce • Physical changes reflect hormonal changes Puberty • Onset • Girls: Age 7 to 13 years • Boys: 9 to 14 years • Rate • 5 years for girls • 6 years for boys • Differences in timing and rate by gender/ethnicity 1 10/14/14 Definitions Hormones of puberty • Adrenarche – adrenal cortex starts producing • Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis androgens • Adrenal system • Gonadarche – gonads activated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) • Pubarche – appearance of pubic hair • Thelarche – appearance of breast tissue • Menarche – age of onset of first menstrual period • Spermarche – age at first ejaculation Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis HPG Axis: After Puberty 2 10/14/14 LH and FSH Testosterone and Estrogen Testosterone Estrogen LH FSH Growth of penis and scrotum **Peripheral conversion Growth of pubic/facial hair Testosterone production Sperm production Low levels: pubertal growth MALES Deepening of voice spurt, accrual of peak bone from Leydig cells from Sertoli cells MALES Increased libido mass Increased muscle mass High levels: closure of Androgen production Acne epiphyses from theca cells Ovarian follicle Thickening
    [Show full text]
  • Andrology 2020 12Th International/11Th European/ 32Nd German Congress of Andrology 5–9 December 2020 DIGITAL Abstracts J
    Journal für Reproduktionsmedizin und Endokrinologie – Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Endocrinology – Andrologie • Embryologie & Biologie • Endokrinologie • Ethik & Recht • Genetik Gynäkologie • Kontrazeption • Psychosomatik • Reproduktionsmedizin • Urologie Andrology 2020 12th International/11th European/ 32nd German Congress of Andrology 5–9 December 2020 DIGITAL Abstracts J. Reproduktionsmed. Endokrinol 2020; 17 (Supplementum 1), 5-85 www.kup.at/repromedizin Online-Datenbank mit Autoren- und Stichwortsuche Offizielles Organ: AGRBM, BRZ, DVR, DGA, DGGEF, DGRM, D·I·R, EFA, OEGRM, SRBM/DGE Indexed in EMBASE/Excerpta Medica/Scopus Krause & Pachernegg GmbH, Verlag für Medizin und Wirtschaft, A-3003 Gablitz FERRING-Symposium digitaler DVR 2021 Mission possible – personalisierte Medizin in der Reproduktionsmedizin Was kann die personalisierte Kinderwunschbehandlung in der Praxis leisten? Freuen Sie sich auf eine spannende Diskussion auf Basis aktueller Studiendaten. SAVE THE DATE 02.10.2021 Programm 12.30 – 13.20Uhr Chair: Prof. Dr. med. univ. Georg Griesinger, M.Sc. 12:30 Begrüßung Prof. Dr. med. univ. Georg Griesinger, M.Sc. & Dr. Thomas Leiers 12:35 Sind Sie bereit für die nächste Generation rFSH? Im Gespräch Prof. Dr. med. univ. Georg Griesinger, Dr. med. David S. Sauer, Dr. med. Annette Bachmann 13:05 Die smarte Erfolgsformel: Value Based Healthcare Bianca Koens 13:15 Verleihung Frederik Paulsen Preis 2021 Wir freuen uns auf Sie! For personal use only. Not to be reproduced without permission of Krause & Pachernegg GmbH. Andrology 2020 12th International/11th European/ 32nd German Congress of Andrology 5–9 December 2020 DIGITAL Abstracts* DGA-Abstracts Vorträge geladener Redner Saturday, 5 December 2020 check-list has to be answered to fulfill the cri- Some andrological diseases can be treated teria for payment.
    [Show full text]