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Ngos) in Israel for the Protection of the Palestina Children in Israel Palestine Conflict

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Ngos) in Israel for the Protection of the Palestina Children in Israel Palestine Conflict The Strategy of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in Israel for the Protection of the Palestina Children in Israel Palestine Conflict Masmuhah1 and Robi Sugara2 1University of Indonesia, Indonesia 2Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia Keywords: Israel-Palestine, child protection, NGO, civil society Abstract: In the context of elevating a hundred cases of human right violation in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, this research focuses on the strategy of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Israel which protected Palestinian children in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from 2009 to 2014. The objects of this research are the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel (PCATI), The Legal Center of Arab Minority Rights (‘Adalah), and the Peres Center for Peace. The theories applied are the concept of non-governmental organization (NGO), international humanitarian law and peacebuilding concept. As a civil society, These 3 NGOs have conducted the effort to protect Palestinian children through public policy advocacy, international advocacy, and empowerment. This research utilizes qualitative method witha varietyof relevant sources. The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that the efforts of the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel (PCATI), the Legal Center of Arab Minority Right (‘Adalah), and Peres Center for Peace are the strategic steps of the civil society movement in the protection of Palestinian children. 1 INTRODUCTION forced to sign a letter confession written in Hebrew, a language they do not understand (Shohib, 2013: One of the conflicts that have a severe impact on 13). UNICEF in its report entitled Children in Israeli children is the Israeli and Palestinian conflict. The Military Prisoners in March 2013 stated that Israel conflict has been going on since 1920; it has raised was the only country that systematically tortured hundreds of cases of human rights violations, children. Also, Israel has proven to have committed especially regarding the protection of human rights cruel and inhumane acts in treating child detainees of the minority. The authority of Palestine as a (UNICEF, 2013). sovereign state since 2012 seemed to be failed In accordance withPalestinian and international inguaranteeing control over border areas, providing pressure to stop violating children's rights, in Israel security to citizens, and preventing occupational there are several NGOs that are working on territories (PCATI, 2010). Although international defending and protecting children’s rights in the past pressure on Israel increased along with the 10years, to name a few are Public Committee international recognition of Palestinian Against Torture (PCATI), the Legal Center for Arab independence, the fact shows that the symbolic Minority Rights (Adalah), and the Peres Center for victory did not immediately end the cultural conflict Peace. These three organizations have diverse roles that occurred between Israel and Palestine until now. for all residents including Israelis, Palestinians, Every year, around 700 children of Palestinian immigrant workers and foreigners who are in Israeli children from the occupied West Bank are territories and the Palestinian Occupied Territories, prosecuted in Israeli military courts with numerous in order to protect them from violence and torture reports of torture. More than 100 samples of through interrogation and Israeli courts, as well as statements collected by lawyers in 2009 explained socializing peace values through various programs. that 69% of children were beaten and kicked, 49% This study intends to explore and analyze the was threatened, 14% was confined in a narrow strategies of humanitarian NGOs such as PCATI, prison, 12% was sexually abused, and 32% was Adalah and the Peres Center for Peace in the 1715 Masmuhah, . and Sugara, R. The Strategy of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in Israel for the Protection of the Palestina Children in Israel Palestine Conflict. DOI: 10.5220/0009934117151722 In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 1715-1722 ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation protection and empowerment of Palestinian children Generally, children can be categorized as in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. civilians who do not take part in hostilities. Children receive protection concerning personal respect, family rights, wealth and religious practice (Article 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 27 Geneva Convention IV 1949). Children should not receive the actions mentioned in Article 27 to In this study, the author uses the concept of NGOs, Article 34 of the Geneva Convention IV which because based on the classification, PCATI, 'Adalah contains, conducting physical and spiritual coercion to obtain information, performing actions that cause and The Peres Center for Peace can be categorized as a humanitarian NGO that moves against acts of physical suffering, collective punishment, violence and torture in Israel. Canadian human intimidation, terrorism, robbery, taking reprisal, making them as hostage, performing actions that rights expert Laurie Wiseberg argues that humanitarian NGOs are non-governmental cause physical suffering or hostility towards the organizations that devote their every movement to protected person. The next concept is peacebuilding. Johan uphold human rights protection. They are independent of government and political groups that Galtung first used the term peacebuilding in his have a stronger political interest and power essay entitled Three Approaches to Peace: Peacekeeping, Peace-making, and Peace-building, in (Wiseberg quoted in Dianne, 1996: 112). One of the goals of NGOs is to alleviate human 1975. Galtung included the term peacebuilding, into suffering stemming from political, ethnic, religious three peaceful approaches namely peace-making, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding (Rahmawati, and other pressures that occur in conflict. NGOs also have a role in minimizing conflict escalation by 2015:6). Peacebuilding is a process of implementing social, political and economic changes or facilitating dialogue between the parties involved reconstruction in order to create sustainable peace. (Aall, 2005: 105). Humanitarian action has four basic principles, Through the peacebuilding process, it is expected that negative peace (or the absence of violence) will namely: humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence. The principle of humanity means that turn into positive peace where the community feels this action is carried out purely to help and protect social justice, economic prosperity and adequate political representation (Hermawan, 2007: 93). people from suffering. The impartial principle means that this action is carried out without discrimination Child protection and child protection efforts in by ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political conflict areas have been carried out with various strategies. The state does not always manage social opinion, race or religion. While the principle of neutrality is defined as a state of not supporting both change, but through the interaction of members of parties in disputes, competition, and war. Lastly, the civil society with the help of roles from civil society organizations. The existence of a strong third party independent principle means a separation from the military, economic, or political interests of certain in civil society in Israel and Palestine will gradually groups (Brubacher, 2003). create a pluralistic and democratic society and be able to respect international laws on child protection. To explain the hundreds of violations committed by Israel, the author uses the concept of international humanitarian law as a primary reference for humanitarian law throughout the world. According 3 HUMAN RIGHT VIOLATION to Jean Pictet, TOWARD PALESTINIAN The international humanitarian law in the wide CHILDREN sense is constitutional legal provision, whether written or customary, ensuring personal respect and wellbeing (Pictet, 1966: 455). Children are the most vulnerable group in armed International Humanitarian Law regulates two conflict. Beside being recruited as combatants, essential things; the first is to protect people or children are targeted directly and indirectly. As a objects that are not directly involved in conflict or result of decades of conflict, thousands of children war, and the second is to regulate the specific rules have been killed, detained on terrorist charges for of war (conduct of hostility). In this case, the author throwing stones, experiencing physical violence, focuses on implementing the first goal o observing recruited into spying, sexual harassment and other child protection in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. forms of violence. 1716 The Strategy of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in Israel for the Protection of the Palestina Children in Israel Palestine Conflict 4 THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILDREN PROTECTION IN PEACEBUAILDING Children are the most important part of nation. In its implementation, the child is a human resource for the development of a nation, determines the future of the generation. If the childhood of a nation's children is destroyed, the future of their country will be destroyed. Likewise children and young Palestinians who will become the future of the next Palestinian leaders. These armed conflict has taken away the joy of childhood and the rights of Palestinian children.
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