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Relative Democracy: Rwandan Perspectives on Representative Government Gabriel C.J.M

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Relative Democracy: Rwandan Perspectives on Representative Government Gabriel C.J.M SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2011 Relative Democracy: Rwandan Perspectives on Representative Government Gabriel C.J.M. Nahmias SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, Political Science Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Recommended Citation Nahmias, Gabriel C.J.M., "Relative Democracy: Rwandan Perspectives on Representative Government" (2011). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 1348. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1348 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SIT Rwanda: Spring 2011 Relative Democracy: Rwandan Perspectives on Representative Government Gabriel C.J.M. Nahmias Advisor: Bernard Rutikanga Academic Director: Stefanie Pollender 05/10/2011 Dedication To all those brave enough to speak without regard to their own wellbeing. To all those prudent enough to hold their tongue for the good of their people. To all those patient enough to listen to what people say and to what they don’t. SIT Rwanda: Spring 2011 Page 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction: The United States is Not a Demcoracy................................................................................................ 7 Objective: To Democratically Discover the Definition of Democracy ................................................................ 9 Background .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Democratization and Rwanda: A History of Bloody Failures ......................................................................... 10 Democratic Peace: The Role of Development, Ethnicity, and Rule of Law ............................................... 12 The Fourth Times the Charm: The 2003 Constitution of Rwanda ............................................................... 16 Not-Free: Western Perspectives on the Current Status of Democracy in Rwanda ............................... 18 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................................................ 23 Type of Research ............................................................................................................................................................... 23 Participants ......................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Structure of Data Collection ......................................................................................................................................... 25 Ethics ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Analysis ................................................................................................................................................................................. 29 Findings ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Restraining the Majority and Sharing the Government .................................................................................... 30 Rights ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Security ................................................................................................................................................................................. 32 Freedom of Expression................................................................................................................................................... 34 Minority Representation ............................................................................................................................................... 36 Democracy: Representing What the People Want or What the People Need .......................................... 37 Education ............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 Decentralization ................................................................................................................................................................ 38 Term Limits ......................................................................................................................................................................... 38 Nationalism ......................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Revolution ............................................................................................................................................................................ 39 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................................. 40 Recommendations for the Findings .......................................................................................................................... 40 Recommendations for Improvement ....................................................................................................................... 40 Recommendations for Further Research ................................................................................................................ 41 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................ 42 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................ 43 Appendix 1: Procedural Minimal Condition for Democracy ................................................................................ 48 Appendix 2: List of Potential Subjects .......................................................................................................................... 49 Appendix 3: Demographic Data of Population Sample .......................................................................................... 50 Appendix 4: Question Pool ................................................................................................................................................ 53 Appendix 5: Transcript of Interview with Member of Government Organization ..................................... 55 Appendix 6: Transcript of Interview with Female Member of Civil Society ................................................. 58 Appendix 7: Rwandan Bill of Right ................................................................................................................................ 62 SIT Rwanda: Spring 2011 Page 3 Acknowledgements I am incredibly indebted to the ten wonderful interviewees whose willingness to share a bit of their story helped me to understand Rwanda’s amazing nation, culture, and people in a way I never could have otherwise. Anything good or worthwhile in this paper is their voices ringing out in the face of my ineptitude. Credit is also due to our wonderful academic director Stefanie, who, in spite of being German, led us with warmth and wisdom. She made eleven kids first experience in Africa an amazing and enlightening one. We will miss her dearly, and this program will be the less for her absence. I wish her all the best. SIT Rwanda: Spring 2011 Page 4 Abstract The primary objective of this research is to ascertain, at least in part, the importance Rwandan’s place on different aspects of democracy. This is done with the hope of giving Rwandans more voice in the discussion of the “democratization” of their own country. With Rwanda’s unique culture and history, the application of “democracy” within this nation should be done, in the mind of the researcher, in accordance to the context, and the only people who fully understand this context are Rwandans themselves. The secondary objective is to hypothesize why these aspects have particular importance in the Rwandan context. The tertiary object is to determine what structural aspects
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