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The Plants Are Pseudobulbous Terrestrials, with Large Plicate Year's
Taxonomic revision of the genus Acanthephippium (Orchidaceae) S.A. Thomas Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England (Drawings by the author) Summary This is revision of the Blume. Eleven Seven a genus Acanthephippium species are recognised. names are time A. A. A. A. here for the first reduced to synonymy (A. lycaste, odoratum, papuanum, pictum, sim- plex, A. sinense, and A. thailandicum). Introduction Acanthephippium is a genus of eleven species distributedin Southeast Asia from Sri Lanka to Nepal and north to Japan, all over the Malesian Archipelago and in many islands in the Pacific. The genus was established by Blume in 1825 with one species, Acanthephippium javanicum. The generic name is derived from two Greek roots: acantha (thorn) and ephippion (sad- dle), the former referring to the long slender column, and the latter to the saddle-shaped lip. Blume (1825) first published the generic name as Acanthophippium, an orthographi- his cal error which he corrected in the preface of Flora Javae (1828). The older spelling authors. I have followed who stated: "Since was followed by several Sprague (1928) the spelling Acanthophippium contains a definite (and apparently unintentional) orthographic the of the initial letter of and the alteration error, namely missing ephippium (a saddle) to Acanthephippium involves no risk of confusion or error, the latter spelling should be adopted." The plants are pseudobulbous terrestrials, with large plicate leaves. The inflorescence is lateral from the new year's growth, and much shorter than the leaves so that the flowers are mostly displayed low downon the plant. The flowers are large and fleshy, usually 3-4 lesser fused into cm long. -
A New Orchid Genus and Phylogeny of the Tribe Arethuseae (Orchidaceae)
RESEARCH ARTICLE Thuniopsis: A New Orchid Genus and Phylogeny of the Tribe Arethuseae (Orchidaceae) Lin Li1☯, De-Ping Ye2☯, Miao Niu1,3☯, Hai-Fei Yan1, Tie-Long Wen1, Shi-Jin Li1* 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China, 2 Forest Bureau of Pu’er, Yunnan, P. R. China, 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] Abstract An investigation of a questionable orchid led to the discovery of a new genus and species Thuniopsis cleistogama, endemic to Yunnan province, China. It is characterized by having OPEN ACCESS a subglobose corm, a spike-like (racemose) inflorescence, half opened and spurless flow- Citation: Li L, Ye D-P, Niu M, Yan H-F, Wen T-L, Li ers, a collar-shaped stigma and subglobose capsules. Based on DNA sequence data from S-J (2015) Thuniopsis: A New Orchid Genus and Phylogeny of the Tribe Arethuseae (Orchidaceae). three gene regions (nuclear ribosomal ITS, chloroplast matK and trnL), we investigated its PLoS ONE 10(8): e0132777. doi:10.1371/journal. phylogenetic position within the tribe Arethuseae. Phylogenies using maximum likelihood pone.0132777 and Bayesian inference support the recognition of Thuniopsis as a distinct genus, and sug- Editor: Nico Cellinese, University of Florida, UNITED gest its close relationship to the genera Bletilla, Dilochia, and Thunia. The new genus is cir- STATES cumscribed and a description and illustrations of the new species are provided. The Received: February 16, 2015 phylogenetic relationships among the genera in Arethuseae are accessed. -
Orchid Genera List
Updated April 2017 Orchid Genera List Based on the International Register and Checklist of Orchid Hybrids The original list was prepared for the European Orchid Council Conference and Exhibition in London 2003 by Dr Cedric Maunder. Tom Houghton maintained the list until May 2013. Zoe Parfitt updated it to the end of 2014. Chris Barker has now taken over keeping the list up to date. It is a long list; please email Chris if you spot any errors. [email protected] Name Abbrev Natural Sp./Component genera Tribe Sub Tribe Aa Aa Natural Tropidieae Prescottiinae Abdominea Abd Natural Vandeae Aeridinae Aberconwayara Acw Bro x Clrthr x Gur Epidendreae Laeliinae Acacallis Acclls Syn. see Aganisia Maxillarieae Zygopetalinae Acampe Acp Natural Vandeae Aeridinae Acampodorum Apd Acp x Armdrm Vandeae Aeridinae Acampostylis Acy Acp x Rhy Vandeae Aeridinae Acanthophippium Aca Natural Arethuseae Bletiinae Acapetalum Acpt Acclls x Z Maxillarieae Zygopetalinae Aceras A Natural Orchideae Orchidinae Aceratorchis Ao Syn. see Galearis Orchideae Orchidinae Acianthus Aci Natural Diurideae Acianthinae Acinbreea Acba Acn x Emb Maxillarieae Stanhopeinae Acineta Acn Natural Maxillarieae Stanhopeinae Aciopea Aip Acn x Stan Maxillarieae Stanhopeinae Acostaea Acsta Syn. see Specklinia Epidendreae Pleurothallidinae Acriopsis Acr Natural Cymbidieae Acriopsidinae Acrolophia Apa Natural Cymbidieae Cyrtopodiinae Acrorchis Arr Natural Epidendreae Laeliinae Ada Ada Syn. see Brassia Maxillarieae Oncidiinae Adachilum Adh Ada x Cyr Maxillarieae Oncidiinae Adacidiglossum Adg -
Phylogenetics of Tribe Collabieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) Based on Four Chloroplast Genes with Morphological Appraisal
Phylogenetics of Tribe Collabieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) Based on Four Chloroplast Genes with Morphological Appraisal Xiao-Guo Xiang1., Wei-Tao Jin1., De-Zhu Li2, Andre´ Schuiteman3, Wei-Chang Huang4, Jian-Wu Li5, Xiao-Hua Jin1*, Zhen-Yu Li1* 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China, 3 Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives Directorate, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom, 4 Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Songjiang, Shanghai, China, 5 Herbarium, Xishuanbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Township, Mengla County, Yunnan, China Abstract Collabieae (Orchidaceae) is a long neglected tribe with confusing tribal and generic delimitation and little-understood phylogenetic relationships. Using plastid matK, psaB, rbcL, and trnH-psbA DNA sequences and morphological evidence, the phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Collabieae were assessed as a basis for revising their tribal and generic delimitation. Collabieae (including the previously misplaced mycoheterotrophic Risleya) is supported as monophyletic and nested within a superclade that also includes Epidendreae, Podochileae, Cymbidieae and Vandeae. Risleya is nested in Collabiinae and sister to Chrysoglossum, a relationship which, despite their great vegetative differences, is supported by floral characters. Ania is a distinct genus supported by both morphological and molecular evidence, while redefined Tainia includes Nephelaphyllum and Mischobulbum. Calanthe is paraphyletic and consists four clades; the genera Gastrorchis, Phaius and Cephalantheropsis should be subsumed within Calanthe. Calanthe sect. Ghiesbreghtia is nested within sect. Calanthe,to which the disputed Calanthe delavayi belongs as well. -
The Molecular and Morphological Systematics of Subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1995 The olecM ular and Morphological Systematics of Subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae). Malcolm Ray Neyland Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Neyland, Malcolm Ray, "The oM lecular and Morphological Systematics of Subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)." (1995). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6040. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6040 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Malagasy Gastrorchis and Phaius （Orchidaceae）Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer（ITS） Sequence
Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 54 :15-20, 2006 !The Society for the Study of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 2006 Yu Masuda, Lucien Faliniaina and Katsuhiko Kondo : Phylogenetic analysis of Malagasy Gastrorchis and Phaius （Orchidaceae）based on internal transcribed spacer（ITS） sequence Laboratory of Plant Chromosome and Gene Stock, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1―4―3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739―8526, Japan Abstract The molecular phylogenetics among five species of Gastrorchis and Phaius pulchellus all endemic to Madagas- car and additional four species of non-Malagasy Phaius was studied on the basis of the sequence analysis of ITS region of rDNA. The species of Gastrorchis and those of Phaius studied constituted two respective clades, except- ing Malagasy P . pulchellus was placed in the clade of Gastrorchis. This fact suggests that Malagasy P . pulchell- us might be shared and originated from the common ancestor of Gastrorchis. Key words : Gastrorchis, ITS, molecular phylogenetics, Phaius. The terrestrial or epiphytic genera Gastrorchis had no spur and no fusion of the base of the lip Schlct. and Phaius Lour.（Orchidaceae）are tax- with the column（Hermans 1999）. onomically placed in the subfamily Epidendroi- Only a karyomorphological approach in Gas- deae, the tribe Arethuseae, sub-tribe Bletiinae trorchis and Phaius is available up to date in （Dressler 1982）. Gastrorchis endemic to Mada- most standard references（Faliniaina and Kondo gascar（Schlechter 1825）consists of six species 2003）: Four species and one variety of Gastror- according to Perrier de la Bathie（1939―1941）or chis and Phaius pulchellus and its variety had nine species and three varieties according to Du common karyomorphological characteristics and Puy et al.（1999）. -
Orchid Research Newsletter 75 (PDF)
Orchid Research Newsletter No. 75 January 2020 Editorial Orchids are perhaps not the first thing that comes to mind when we think about climate change. Record temperatures, catastrophic droughts, melting glaciers, out-of- control bush fires, burning rainforests and other calamities are of more immediate concern. But when we focus on orchid conservation, it is obvious that climate change looms large. It seems likely that orchids are more vulnerable to climate change than most other plant groups, for the following reasons: (1). Since about 70% of all orchids are epiphytes, they are probably more likely to be affected by drought. Even if mature plants would be able to survive unusually severe droughts, one can imagine that seedlings would be much more vulnerable. If such droughts become too frequent, seedling recruitment will be compromised, and the orchids will die out. (2). Since all orchids go through a mycoheterotrophic stage, at least as as seedlings, they depend on the presence of the right fungi for their long-term survival. It could be that climate change affects these fungi in such a way that they are no longer available to particular orchid species. These will then gradually disappear from their habitats. (3). Similarly, since many orchids depend on highly specific pollinators, the effect of climate change on the availability of these pollinators may be significant. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link, and we do not know if it is the orchid, the fungus or the pollinator that is the weakest link. (4). Orchids tend to occur in sparse, widely dispersed populations. -
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Tropical Orchids: Integrating Phylogenetic, Ecophysiological and Molecular Genetic Approaches
University of Nevada, Reno Crassulacean acid metabolism in tropical orchids: integrating phylogenetic, ecophysiological and molecular genetic approaches A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Katia I. Silvera Dr. John C. Cushman/ Dissertation Advisor May 2010 THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the dissertation prepared under our supervision by KATIA I. SILVERA entitled Crassulacean Acid Metabolism In Tropical Orchids: Integrating Phylogenetic, Ecophysiological And Molecular Genetic Approaches be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY John C. Cushman, Ph.D., Advisor Jeffrey F. Harper, Ph.D., Committee Member Robert S. Nowak, Ph.D., Committee Member David K.Shintani, Ph.D., Committee Member David W. Zeh, Ph.D., Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph. D., Associate Dean, Graduate School May, 2010 i ABSTRACT Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) is a water-conserving mode of photosynthesis present in approximately 7% of vascular plant species worldwide. CAM photosynthesis minimizes water loss by limiting CO2 uptake from the atmosphere at night, improving the ability to acquire carbon in water and CO2-limited environments. In neotropical orchids, the CAM pathway can be found in up to 50% of species. To better understand the role of CAM in species radiations and the molecular mechanisms of CAM evolution in orchids, we performed carbon stable isotopic composition of leaf samples from 1,102 species native to Panama and Costa Rica, and character state reconstruction and phylogenetic trait analysis of CAM and epiphytism. When ancestral state reconstruction of CAM is overlain onto a phylogeny of orchids, the distribution of photosynthetic pathways shows that C3 photosynthesis is the ancestral state and that CAM has evolved independently several times within the Orchidaceae. -
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MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF TRIBE EPIDENDREAE WITH EMPHASIS ON SUBTRIBE LAELIINAE (ORCHIDACEAE) A thesis submitted to the University of Reading for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Cássio van den Berg October 2000 Department of Botany, School of Plant Sciences, University of Reading and Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ABSTRACT In this project, the phylogenetic relationships of tribe Epidendreae, especially subtribe Laeliinae were assessed by using DNA sequence data. At the tribal level, I used data from three DNA regions, namely internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS), and plastid matK (gene and spacers) and trnL-F (intron, exon and spacer). After individual and combined phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, it was possible to delimit Epidendreae as an exclusively Neotropical tribe (composed of subtribes Laeliinae, Pleurothallidinae, Ponerinae, Bletiinae and Chysinae). It is still unclear whether Coeliinae and Calypsoeae should be also included in Epidendreae. All Old World subtribes placed in Epidendreae in Dressler’s (1993) system belong to different tribes of subfamily Epidendroideae. The revised subtribe Bletiinae is composed only of Bletia, Hexalectris and Basiphyllaea. All Old World genera previously placed in Bletiinae belong also to Old World groups. Arpophyllum (previously Arpophyllinae) and Meiracyllium (previously Meiracyllinae) should be included in Laeliinae. Neocogniauxia and Dilomilis belong to a clade sister to Pleurothallidinae. Ponera, Isochilus and Helleriella (previously in the Scaphyglottis alliance within Laeliinae) belong to a recircumscribed version of Ponerinae, which is sister to Bletiinae. Two other datasets were collected to investigate in more detail phylogenetic relationships within Laeliinae. The first dataset used 295 ITS sequences to assess generic delimitation and species phylogenies. -
MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School Certificate for Approving The
MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Aaron H. Kennedy Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy ______________________________ Director (Dr. Linda E. Watson) ______________________________ Reader (Dr. Nicholas P. Money) ______________________________ Reader (Dr. R. James Hickey) ______________________________ Reader (Dr. D. Lee Taylor) ______________________________ Graduate School Representative (Dr. David J. Berg) ABSTRACT PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS IN THE MYCO-HETEROTROPHIC HEXALECTRIS RAF. (ORCHIDACEAE : EPIDENDROIDEAE) by: Aaron H. Kennedy Some plant species have abandoned an autotrophic life style and obtain their carbon and mineral nutrition exclusively from mycorrhizal fungi. Although myco-heterotrophic species have evolved in many plant families, they are most common in the Orchidaceae. Several myco- heterotrophic orchid species have been shown to associate with a very narrow range of ectomycorrhizal forming fungi, revealing a high degree of mycorrhizal specificity. However, these studies have often investigated single or few, often unrelated, species without support for their monophyly or knowledge of their phylogenetic relationships. Using primarily molecular methods and phylogenetic analyses, this dissertation investigates i) the monophyly and circumscription of Hexalectris species, ii) interspecific phylogenetic relationships within Hexalectris, iii) the identities of the mycorrhizal fungi that associate with each Hexalectris species, iv) the breadth of mycorrhizal associations within Hexalectris and within each of its species, and v) uses a Hexalectris phylogeny as a framework for investigating mycorrhizal specificity and patterns of associations. The monophyly of H. warnockii, H. grandiflora, H. brevicaulis, and H. nitida, plus the H. spicata species complex, are well supported. The remaining species are not monophyletic, prompting the recircumscription of H. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
DEVELOPING A MODEL OF ORCHID SEED GERMINATION: IN VITRO STUDIES OF THE THREATENED FLORIDA SPECIES BLETIA PURPUREA By TIMOTHY R. JOHNSON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Timothy R. Johnson 2 To my wife, Danielle, and my son, Finley… we did it! 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I thank my colleagues and lab mates—Dr. Phil Kauth, Dr. Scott Stewart, Nancy Philman, Daniela Dutra, Jonathan Jasinski, James J. Sadler and Nguyen Hoang—for years of help designing and carrying out experiments in the laboratory and in the field. I also thank Larry Richardson, Wade Gurly and the staff of the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge for assistance with field work, for protecting experiments from wildfires and for making the refuge feel like home. Plant identification would not have been possible without the help of Lucas Majure from the Laboratory of Molecular Systematics and Evolutionary Genetics at the Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). I also wish to recognize Dr. Mike Kane, my “Virgil”, major advisor and mentor, who has guided me through this process and taught me how to be a teacher, researcher and mentor. Additionally, Dr. Wil Taylor gave me the keys to his electron microscopy lab when I was an undergraduate and told me to go look at stuff. I cannot seem to stop. My committee also deserves recognition for making this challenging process fun and exciting: thank you Drs. Dennis Gray, Deborah Miller, Hector Pérez and Carrie Reinhardt Adams. -
Orchids: Botanical Jewels of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costaarica Orchids Botanical Jewels of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica Imprint
Orchids: Botanical Jewels of the Golfo Dulce Region, CostaaRica Region, Dulce Golfo the of Jewels Botanical Orchids: Orchids Botanical Jewels of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica Imprint Publisher: Verein zur Förderung der Tropenstation La Gamba, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria, www.lagamba.at, [email protected] Editors: D. Rakosy, M. Speckmaier, A. Weber, W. Huber, A. Weissenhofer Authors (alphabet.): C. Gegenbauer, W. Huber, F. Pupulin, D. Rakosy, M. Speckmaier, W. Wanek, A. Weber, A. Weissenhofer Illustrations: see credits p. 198 Layout: M. Ringler Language Editing: C. Dixon, A. Luck Printing: Rema-Print, Vienna Date of publication: June 2013 ISBN: 978-3-9502996-3-2 Book may be referenced as: Rakosy, D., Speckmaier, M., Weber, A., Huber, W., Weis- senhofer, A. (eds) 2013. Orchids: Botanical Jewels of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica. Verein zur Förderung der Tropenstation La Gamba. Vienna, Austria. Orchids Botanical Jewels of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica 1 Authors for affiliations see page 136 Christian Gegenbauer Werner Huber Franco Pupulin Demetra Rakosy Manfred Speckmaier Wolfgang Wanek Anton Weber Anton Weissenhofer 2 Contents The Tropical Research Station La Gamba 4 The Rainforest of the Golfo Dulce Region 6 Welcome to the Fascinating World of Golfo Dulce Orchids 8 Plant Body, Growth Patterns and Inflorescence Structure 10 of Orchids The Orchid Flower 14 Pollination Biology of Orchids 19 Fruit Structure and Seed Dispersal of Orchids 26 Orchid Diversity and Classification, with a