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Influence of the High-Speed Rail on the Spatial This article was downloaded by: [University of Central Florida] On: 21 August 2014, At: 05:30 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rapt20 Influence of the High-Speed Rail on the Spatial Pattern of Regional Tourism – Taken Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Rail of China as Example Degen Wangab, Jia Qiana, Tian Chenb, Meifeng Zhaob & Yun Zhanga a Tourism Department of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China b Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China Published online: 22 Jul 2013. To cite this article: Degen Wang, Jia Qian, Tian Chen, Meifeng Zhao & Yun Zhang (2014) Influence of the High-Speed Rail on the Spatial Pattern of Regional Tourism – Taken Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Rail of China as Example, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19:8, 890-912, DOI: 10.1080/10941665.2013.818049 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2013.818049 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. 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Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2014 Vol. 19, No. 8, 890–912, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2013.818049 Influence of the High-Speed Rail on the Spatial Pattern of Regional Tourism – Taken Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Rail of China as Example Degen Wang1,2, Jia Qian1∗, Tian Chen2, Meifeng Zhao2 and Yun Zhang1 1Tourism Department of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China 2Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China This paper compares volumes, flows, and spatial patterns of traffic before and after the opening of the high-speed rail (HSR) link between Beijing and Shanghai. Evidence emerges of a significant change in the shape of isochrones within the region. Under the influence, the temporal and spatial distance between the source region and tourist desti- nation is greatly reduced. Equally, multiple contact modes are more apparent and the overall structure of tourism flow network is closer after the opening of the HSR service. As can be seen from the above, the HSR has a significant impact on regional tourism traffic accessibility and then has a significant on the temporal and spatial distri- bution of regional tourism resource. The tourism flow will respond positively to the “space compression” effect. Key words: accessibility, tourism resource, tourist flow, spatial pattern, Jinghu HSR Introduction number of passengers. The HSR can exert a Downloaded by [University of Central Florida] at 05:30 21 August 2014 “space compression” effect because of its The high-speed rail (HSR) is an important advantages of fastness, safety, and efficiency. milestone of the “traffic revolution” of The HSR is expected to enable increased modern society. The HSR has become a travel distance and affect the travel destination common development trend of railways in choices of tourists, which can significantly different countries because it solves the change the spatial distribution of tourism problem of rapidly transporting a large resources (Wang & Chentian, 2012). ∗Email: [email protected] # 2013 Asia Pacific Tourism Association Influence of the High-Speed Rail on the Spatial Pattern of Regional Tourism 891 Studies on HSR in foreign countries began between cities are widened and an HSR early and developed rapidly. Academic “siphoning effect” is produced. Moreover, circles focus on timely HSR development and the HSR improves the accessibility of Iberian’s attach great importance to the impact of urban agglomeration and increases the HSR on tourism research. Results are rela- exchange between this agglomeration and tively abundant and focus mainly on the those outside it. Consequently, the influence impact of HSR on other tourism transpor- of the “core–edge” phenomenon is weakened, tation systems (Oskar, 2008; Park & Ha, the accessibility imbalance in Europe is effec- 2006; Vickerman, 1997) as well on travel tively alleviated, and the development gap modes (Oskar, 2005; Sophie & Romain, between cities is narrowed (Javier, 2001). 2009), travel time (Givoni, 2006; Okada, The HSR significantly affects the spatial 1994), regional tourism income (Banister & pattern of regional tourism by changing the Berechman, 2005; Sophie & Romain, 2009), accessibility. The opening of the HSR from structure of the tourism element in the destina- Perpignan, France to Barcelona, Spain tion (Krugman, 1991; Sophie & Romain, reduced the travel time from 2.75 h to 0.83 h 2009), and spatial structure of the tourism des- but aggravated the spatial competition of tination (Javier, 2001; Javier, Rafael, & regional tourism. Barcelona’s positional Gabriel, 1996; Sophie & Romain, 2009). advantage and tourist facilities concentration The impact of HSR on regional accessibility are also better than those of Perpignan, and tourism spatial structure is the focus of thereby leading to greater tourism develop- this research. ment potential and enhanced tourism aggrega- Compared with the regional accessibility of tion. Perpignan has only a few historical Europe 1993, the situation has remarkably memorial towns with limited tourism products changed since the formation of the HSR and imperfect tourism infrastructures. The network in 2010. The proportion of areas HSR results in the further decline tourist with high accessibility (France, Belgium, the attractions and tourism development in Perpi- Netherlands, Germany, Great Britain, and gan (Sophie & Romain, 2009). Meanwhile, Italy) out of the total area of the European the HSR connects some parts of California’s Union increased from 0.22% in 1933 to northern, central valley, and southern settle- 50.46% in 2010. By contrast, the proportion ment areas, which is convenient for tourists of areas with low accessibility decreased from (Sean, 2008). Japan’s Shinkansen makes 46.3% to 10.35%. Therefore, HSRs improve scenic tourist spots conveniently closer to the the accessibility of the entire European Union source region, thereby showcasing the Downloaded by [University of Central Florida] at 05:30 21 August 2014 and alleviate imbalances in regional traffic phenomenal “use of the Shinkansen as a corri- (Javier et al., 1996). The influences on regional dor” (Lin, 2011). Many large tourist rec- traffic balance at different scales vary depend- reational areas in cities along the Shinkansen ing on the HSR line. In the case of Spain, the are being developed. Cities and commercial HSR has minimal effect on the urban linkage centers strung together by the Shinkansen of its west and southwest parts but consider- form a “functional area” similar to a pearl ably influences the accessibility of cities along necklace and collectively called as “HSR corri- the Madrid–Barcelona–France border. Given dors”. The “HSR tourism circle” and “HSR that the HSR provides more development leisure circle” are formed around these opportunities for these cities, the gaps “corridors”. Residents along the Tokaido 892 Degen Wang et al. Shinkansen typically take advantage of the changes in the spatial pattern of urban Shinkansen for their daily leisure and travel tourism caused by the HSR. The attractive activities in the “HSR tourism and leisure range of tourism resources is also expanded circles” between Tokyo and Osaka. These and the alternative attractions are objectively areas continue to expand and further acceler- intensified, thereby strengthening the regional ated the transformation and upgrading of the tourism competition (Zhang, 2010). tourism industry (Chen, 2011). In conclusion, the studies on HSR in foreign Considering the rapid development of the countries are more mature and cover a wide HSR in China, domestic scholars have accord- area. Research on the impact of HSR on ingly launched HSR-related tourism studies regional accessibility and the spatial structure with the following main points. The HSR of tourism is prominent and focuses on empiri- induces changes in the location and function cal and quantitative analyses. Compared with of tourism spatial
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