Report 2005-043
Developing Guidelines for Economic Evaluation of Environmental Impacts in EIAs
PART II: Case studies & Dose-response literature
ECON-Report no. 2005-, Project no. 33360 Public ISSN: 0803-5113, ISBN 82-7645-788-6 HLI/JMS,HVE , 11. May 2005
Developing Guidelines for Economic Evaluation of Environmental Impacts in EIAs
PART II: Case studies & Dose response literature
Commissioned by SEPA and NORAD
ECON Analysis P.O.Box 5, 0051 Oslo, Norway. Phone: + 47 45 40 50 00, Fax: + 47 22 42 00 40, http://www.econ.no Table of Contents:
1 INTRODUCTION...... 1 2 CASE STUDY REPORT FOR AIR ...... 2 2.1 Background...... 2 2.1.1 Criteria for Case Selection...... 2 2.1.2 Project Description ...... 3 2.1.3 Case Project EIA...... 4 2.1.4 EIA Conclusion...... 8 2.1.5 Implications from EIA...... 8 2.2 Methodology...... 9 2.2.1 Workframe of Economic Evaluation on EIA ...... 9 2.2.2 Evaluation Methods ...... 10 2.3 Economic Evaluation of Environmental Impact...... 11 2.3.1 Procedures...... 11 2.3.2 Evaluation process ...... 16 2.3.3 Discussion...... 28 2.4 Findings and Conclusions...... 30 2.4.1 Support of EIA to economic evaluation ...... 30 2.4.2 Applicability of the Economic Evaluation...... 30 2.5 References...... 31 3 CASE STUDY REPORT FOR WATER ...... 33 3.1 Background Information...... 33 3.1.1 General Information of the Project ...... 33 3.1.2 Distribution of Surface Water...... 37 3.2 Introduction of EIA Report of the Case...... 38 3.2.1 General Introduction of EIA...... 38 3.2.2 Evaluation Result of EIA...... 39 3.2.3 Conclusion of the EIA Report ...... 43 3.3 Case Study ...... 44 3.3.1 Determine the Area for EEEI...... 44 3.3.2 Identification of Water Environmental Impact Stressors and Calculation...... 44 3.3.3 Screening the water environmental impacts ...... 49 3.3.4 Quantifying the water environmental impacts and calculating the value of the impacts...... 49 3.4 Findings and Conclusions of the Case...... 64 3.4.1 Supports for Economic Evaluation...... 64 4 CASE STUDY REPORT FOR LAND ...... 66 4.1 Background of the Cases ...... 66 4.1.1 Selection of the case studies ...... 66 4.1.2 Description of the cases ...... 67 4.1.3 Current status of the environmental Impacts of the cases ...... 69 4.1.4 Basis of existing guidelines, regulations...... 75 4.2 Selection of economic evaluation approach ...... 76 4.2.1 Basic procedures...... 76 4.2.2 Specific procedures...... 76
4.2.3 Selection of the evaluation approaches...... 78 4.2.4 Quantification analysis ...... 80 4.2.5 The establishment of the assessment approach based on the receptors for the case studies...... 89 4.3 Economic assessment of case studies ...... 92 4.3.1 Identification on the Stressors and Definition on the Impacts...... 92 Determine of the stressors ...... 93 definition of receptors ...... 95 4.3.2 Economic assessment for sewage irrigation ...... 95 4.3.3 Chongqing Highway Plan Case Study...... 101 4.4 Findings of the case studies and conclusion ...... 105 4.4.1 Irrigation ...... 105 4.4.2 Highway case...... 106 5 DOSE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR AIR ...... 109 6 DOSE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR WATER ...... 153
1 Introduction
This Part II of the report contains full versions of the case studies for air, water and land (Chapters 2-4), which were only summarised in Part I. In addition, during the work the research team has collected a large amount of literature and information on dose response relationships for air and water pollution relevant to China. This information is included as Chapters 5 and 6.
The report has not been fully edited in English, and parts of the material (especially the dose response chapters) are only partly translated from Chinese. Those of the readers that have a special interest in these chapters are either referred to the full Chinese versions or (for English speakers) to the authors for clarifications (Wu Jian for air and Song Guojun for water, both at the School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University, and Zhang Shiqiu, Peking University for land).
1 2 Case study report for air
2.1 Background
2.1.1 Criteria for Case Selection
The case is chosen based on the following principles: