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An Assessment of Food Production

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An Assessment of Food Production ` AN ASSESSMENT OF FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND STORAGE AT COMMUNITY LEVEL IN KAVANGO EAST REGION: A CASE STUDY OF NDIYONA, MASHARE AND RUNDU RURAL EAST CONSTITUENCIES A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES (MASSS) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY EDSON WINE MWOOMBOLA 201300186 MAY 2017 Supervisor: Professor Piet Van Rooyen Abstract Food security is often defined in terms food availability, food access and food utilization (USAID 1995). Food availability is achieved when sufficient quantities of food are constantly available to all individuals within the country. Such food items can be supplied through house hold production, other domestic output, commercial outputs and commercial imports of food assistance. Access is assured when household and all individuals within them have adequate resources to obtain appropriate food for a nutritional diet. Access depends upon disposable income available to house hold. The main objective of the study on food security was to assess and describe the factors influencing the production, processing and storage of Mahangu food at household and community levels in the Kavango East Region in Namibia. The study adopted a qualitative approach involving collection of data through observations and interviews from the study area and the inhabitants of the study area. The sample of the study comprised of 3 constituency Councillors (one from each constituency), 3 members of the Local Development Coordinating Committee (one from each constituency) and 5 heads of households from each constituency (total, 15 heads of households). Interview guides were used as research instruments to solicit information from the sample chosen. The data collected was analysed qualitatively using themes and narratives from participants. From the findings of the study, it was concluded that food security is a major problem in the Kavango East Region due to un favorable climate, poor food production, poor food processing and poor food storage. From the findings and conclusions, it was recommended that there i should be a review of agricultural institutional policies and support that would make Kavango East a bread basket for other Regions in Namibia. ii Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. vi Dedication ............................................................................................................................... vii Declaration ............................................................................................................................. viii Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND.......................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Orientation of the Study ................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Comparison of the Three Constituencies ....................................................................... 4 1.4 Historical Background of Millet (Mahangu) ................................................................. 4 1.5 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................... 5 1.6 Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................. 6 1.7 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................... 7 1.8 Limitations of the Study ................................................................................................ 7 1.9 Definition of the Concepts ............................................................................................. 8 1.10 Organization of the Study ............................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................... 12 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 12 2.2 The Concept of Food Security ..................................................................................... 12 2.3 The Nine Steps to Food Security ................................................................................. 14 2.4 The sustainable livelihood theory ................................................................................ 16 2.5 Human Development and Capability Approach to Food Security .............................. 18 2.6 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 3: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON FOOD SECURITY ....................................... 20 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 20 3.2 Global Food Security ................................................................................................... 20 3.3 African can feed itself and help to feed rest of the world ............................................ 21 3.4 Southern African Development Community (SADC) Agriculture and Food Security 22 3.5 Comprehensive Conservation Agriculture Programme for Namibia .......................... 29 3.6 Food Insecurity and Public Health .............................................................................. 32 3.7 Achieving Food Security in the face of Climate Change ............................................ 33 CHAPTER 4: THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF FOOD SECURITY IN NAMIBIA ............. 36 iii 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 36 4.2 The Constitution of the Republic of Namibia .............................................................. 36 4.3 National Agricultural Policy of Namibia ..................................................................... 37 4.4 Green scheme policy for Namibia ............................................................................... 39 4.5 National Food and Nutritional Policies (NFNP) ......................................................... 42 4.6 Regulations and Quality of Mahangu under the Agronomic Industry Act, 2004 ........ 47 4.7 The Harambee Prosperity Plan (HPP) 2016/17 - 2019/20 ........................................... 50 CHAPTER 5: MAHANGU PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND STORAGE ..................... 52 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 52 5.2 The Background of Mahangu Sub-Sector in Namibia ................................................ 52 5.3 The supply chain of Mahangu ..................................................................................... 58 5.4 Mahangu as a staple food ............................................................................................ 60 5.5 Pearl Millet Processing in Namibia ............................................................................. 61 5.5.1 Traditional Milling........................................................................................................ 61 5.5.2 Industrial Milling of Mahangu...................................................................................... 62 5.6 Pearl Millet Storage in Namibia .................................................................................. 63 CHAPTER 6: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 64 6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 64 6.2 Research design ........................................................................................................... 64 6.3 Research Population .................................................................................................... 65 6.4 Study Sample ............................................................................................................... 66 6.5 Research Instruments ................................................................................................... 66 6.6 Data Processing and Analysis ...................................................................................... 67 6.7 Research ethics ............................................................................................................ 68 6.8 Gender issues ............................................................................................................... 69 6.9 Procedure ..................................................................................................................... 69 CHAPTER 7: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA .............................................. 71 7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 71 7.2 Differences between Ndiyona, Mashare and Rundu Rural East Constituencies ......... 71
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