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Interagency Cooperation Law Enforcement Executive FORUM Interagency Cooperation November 2006 Law Enforcement Executive Forum Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Executive Institute Western Illinois University 1 University Circle Macomb, IL 61455 Senior Editor Thomas J. Jurkanin, PhD Editor Vladimir A. Sergevnin, PhD Associate Editors Jennifer Allen, PhD Department of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration, Western Illinois University Barry Anderson, JD Department of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration, Western Illinois University Tony Barringer, EdD Division of Justice Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University Lewis Bender, PhD Department of Public Administration and Policy Analysis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville Michael Bolton, PhD Chair, Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, Marymount University Dennis Bowman, PhD Department of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration, Western Illinois University Weysan Dun Special Agent-in-Charge, FBI, Springfield Division Kenneth Durkin, MD Department of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration, Western Illinois University Thomas Ellsworth, PhD Chair, Department of Criminal Justice Sciences, Illinois State University Larry Hoover, PhD Director, Police Research Center, Sam Houston State University William McCamey, PhD Department of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration, Western Illinois University John Millner State Senator of 28th District, Illinois General Assembly Gregory Boyce Morrison Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Ball State University Michael J. Palmiotto Wichita State University Frank Morn Department of Criminal Justice Sciences, Illinois State University Gene L. Scaramella, PhD Dean of Criminal Justice Graduate Studies, Kaplan University Wayne Schmidt Director, Americans for Effective Law Enforcement Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2006 • 6(6) Editorial Production Document and Publication Services, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois Production Assistant Linda Brines The Law Enforcement Executive Forum is published six times per year by the Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Executive Institute located at Western Illinois University in Macomb, Illinois. Subscription: $40 (see last page) ISSN 1552-9908 No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission of the publisher. Disclaimer Reasonable effort has been made to make the articles herein accurate and consistent. Please address questions about individual articles to their respective author(s). Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2006 • 6(6) Table of Contents Editorial .............................................................................................................. i Thomas J. Jurkanin Interagency Cooperation Deinstitutionalization and Collaboration: An Exploration of the Meaning Behind the Movement for Criminal Justice Practitioners .... 1 Christopher R. Sharp Police Departments as Collaborators in Multi-Agency Initiatives ........ 19 Robert L. Bing III Florence S. Ferguson Charisse Coston Not Seeing the Wood for the Trees: Mistaking Tactics for Strategy in Crime Reduction Initiatives .................................................................... 27 Mike Hough Reductions in Funding for Community-Orientated Policing (COPS): A Possible Lag-Effect in Crime Rates ........................................................ 43 Charles A. Brawner III Gary Hagler Zero Tolerance Policy in the Athens Metropolitan Subway: A Theoretical Approach and Case Study .................................................. 51 Demosthenes “Dennis” Giannissopoulos Building Positional Empathy Between Scholars Who Conduct Research and Law Enforcement Executives Who Use It Part I .................................................................................................................. 63 Part II ................................................................................................................ 75 Michael J. Bolton Gregory B. Stolcis HIV Prevention Intervention: A Psychoeducational Group Designed for Incarcerated Women ............................................................. 89 Michele A. Rountree Elizabeth C. Pomeroy Diane L. Green Houston’s Crime Lab: The Challenge of Restoring Forensic Credibility ....................................................................................................... 101 Vicki L. King Clete Snell Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2006 • 6(6) Training Preparing Law Enforcement Recruits to Cope with Work-Life Stress ................................................................................................................. 113 Angela R. Wiley Michael D. Schlosser The Professional Reading Series: An Effective Means of Leadership Development ............................................................................. 119 Thomas E. Engells Use of Force Variations in Taser Gun Policies ................................................................... 127 Leora Susan Waldner Shawn L. Jones The Victim Satisfaction Model of the Criminal Justice System or Another Way of Looking at the Kobe Bryant Case ............................. 141 John W. Stickels Environmental Tobacco Smoke: A Serious but Manageable Threat to Public Health .............................................................................................. 163 Naomi B. Ware Mark S. Gold Is There a Difference Designing for Crime or Terrorism? ....................... 173 Randall Atlas Police Abroad Ethical Bases of Law Enforcement Officers’ Activity in Maintenance of Human Rights and Freedom: The Parity of International and National Legal Regulation ........................................................................... 179 Alexander V. Negodchenko Materials/publications are available through the Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Executive Institute. Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2006 • 6(6) Editorial The organizational structure of law enforcement in the United States allows for autonomy based upon local control. There are approximately 18,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States. Furthermore, there appears to be no apparent movement for such agencies to relinquish jurisdictional boundaries and authority in order to consolidate police service delivery with bordering jurisdictions. As such, law enforcement in the United States, at least for the foreseeable future, will remain constant in organizational structure and fragmented in service delivery. At the same time that law enforcement agencies have been unwilling to consolidate the totality of law enforcement operations with bordering jurisdictions, there are numerous examples of effective consolidation of certain police functions (e.g., the extensive use of major case squads or multi-jurisdictional task forces, shared crime labs, telecommunication centers serving multiple jurisdictions, consolidation of jail facilities, and consolidation of record and training functions). Such (limited) consolidation efforts allow for cost savings and enhanced service delivery, while each participating department retains control through various methods of participatory management and oversight. Law enforcement leaders should be commended for the insightful and innovative manner by which they have promoted interagency cooperation. Crime knows no boundaries. As such, law enforcement personnel must devise cooperative ventures to fight crime affecting their community but which may have boundaries that overlap multiple police jurisdictions. Cooperation, communication, sharing of intelligence information, and sharing of manpower and resources are all necessary components of effective interagency partnerships. This issue of the Law Enforcement Executive Forum focuses, in part, on interagency cooperation between law enforcement agencies. A number of articles contained herein provide insight, as well as working examples, of how interagency cooperation promotes effective service delivery in law enforcement. Thomas J. Jurkanin, PhD Executive Director Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2006 • 6(6) i ii Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2006 • 6(6) Deinstitutionalization and Collaboration: An Exploration of the Meaning Behind the Movement for Criminal Justice Practitioners Christopher R. Sharp, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department Chair, Department of Criminal Justice, College of Arts and Sciences, St. Ambrose University Originally, the federal policy of deinstitutionalization was viewed as a positive venture in that it called for the release of psychiatric patients from outdated, ineffective institutions (Grob, 1995). Theoretically, patients that were released from institutions would be successfully reintegrated into mainstream society through the use of various, client-tailored social and psychiatric support systems in community- based mental health facilities (Grob, 1995). The policy of deinstitutionalization, however, did not work for many reasons. First, the federal money to help start the programs never followed the federal policy. In addition, the newly created community mental health centers were not able to shoulder the burden of managing the mentally ill in the community. Political arguments over the best policy regarding the mentally ill also led to the repeal of many mental health laws and an emerging “hands-off” attitude, on behalf of the federal government, toward dealing with the mentally ill. Finally, the states were accelerating their discharge of the mentally ill from institutions due to
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