Chironius Fuscus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Colubridae)

n Chironius fuscus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Colubridae):

istributio southern Brazil D Distribution extension, new state record and variation in 1* 2,3 4

raphic , Julio Cesar de Moura-Leite , Emilson Grochoski Matias and Sérgio g Augusto Abrahão Morato 5 eo Gilberto Alves de Souza Filho G n

o 1 Hori Consultoria Ambiental. Rua Coronel Temístocles de Souza Brasil, 311. CEP 82.520-210. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

2 Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Laboratório de Herpetologia. Rua Professor Benedito Conceição, 407. CEP 82810-080. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. otes N 80215-901. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. 43 Companhia Pontifícia Universidade de Saneament Católicao do Paraná. do Paraná, Rua MiguelCurso de Pedro Biologia Abib, e 179.Núcleo CEP de 82980-410. Estudos do Curitiba, Comportamento. PR, Brazil. Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155. CEP 5 STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda. Rua Euzébio da Motta, 450. CEP 80530-260. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The colubrid snake Chironius fuscus (Colubridae) is a widely distributed species in South America, exhibiting a disjunct distribution associated to rainforests of Amazonia and Eastern Brazil (from Pernambuco to Paraná States). In this study, we present new distributional data from Paraná state and extend the known range to the state of Santa Catarina. We also present meristic and morphometric data of the southernmost populations of the species.

The colubrid genus Chironius Atlantic forests. This species is widely distributed in group of Neotropical snakes, whose monophyly is strongly supported by hemipenial and pholidoticFitzinger, characters 1826 (Hollis is a 2006). The genus is characterized by the presence of low, (DixonAmazonia, and with Soini records 1977; fr Duellmanom Bolivia, 1978; Peru, GascEcuador, and RodriguesColombia, V1980;enezuela, Miyata Gu 1982;yana, SurinameHoogmoed e 1982; French Chippaux Guyana currently comprises 16 species (Dixon et al. 1993; Hollis et al. 1993; Kok even number (10 or 12) of dorsal scale rows at midbody and et al. 2012). In Brazil, C. fuscus was recorded terrestrial to arboreal and distributed from Honduras in in1986; all AmazonianFugler 1988; states Pefaur (Hoge 1992; 1967; Dixon Hoge et al. 1972; Central2006; K Americaok 2010; and Uetz Saint 2012). Vincent These Island species in the ar Caribbeane diurnal, Cunha2010; Ri andvas Nascimento 1982; 1993; Cunha et al. 1985; Nascimento et al. 1988; Zimmermann and Rodrigues South America (Dixon et al. 1993; Hollis 2006). In Brazil, 1990; Dixon et al. Seao11 speciest the mouth are recognized: of the Río de Chironius la Plata, Urugua bicarinatusy, in southern (Wied, et al. et 1820), C. carinatus (Linnaeus, 1758), C. exoletus (Linnaeus, al. 2005). In Eastern1993; Brazil, Silva-Jr. the species 1993; Sil is va-Jr.associated and Sit toes-Jr. the 1758), C. flavolineatus (Jan, 1863), C. foveatus Bailey, 1955, 1995; Martins and Oliveira 1998; Yuki 1999; Frota C. fuscus (Linnaeus, 1758), C. laevicollis (Wied, 1824), C. to Paraná states (Amaral 1978; Bailey 1955; Marques et laurenti Dixon, Wiest nad Cei, 1993, C. multiventris Schmidt al.Atlantic Forest domain, with records from Pernambuco nad Walker, 1943, C. quadricarinatus (Boie, 1827), and C. 2004; Bérnils et al. 2007; Centeno et al. 2008; Pontes and scurrulus (Wagler, 1824) (Bérnils and Costa 2011). Rocha 2001; 2008; Freitas Pontes 2003; et al.Mar 2008;ques andPontes Sazima et al. 2004; 2009; Ar Sallesgôlo Chironius fuscus is distinguished from the other species et al. of the genus Chironius by presenting a combination of 10 Vrcibradic et al. 2011). Certainly, the records of this species and for the Sil va-Soaresstate of Paraná 2010; (Marques Salles et al. 2010; 2001; F Bérnilsreitas 2011; et al. lowerdorsal portionscales at of midbod the supralabialsy, anal plat creame single, colored paravertebral and 39 toscales 51 maxillaryvarying fr teethom smooth (Dixon t oet str al.ongly 1993). keeled These or authorsabsent, specimens.2007)e ar based on herpetological collections. However, recognized two subspecies, C. f. fuscus widely distributed the Inlit erature this study, brings we no present explicit the indication known localitiesof voucher of in South America, and C. f. leucometapus, restricted to occurrence of Chironius fuscus in Paraná, as well as a range the highlands of eastern Andean slope in Peru. We agree extension of the species for the state of Santa Catarina. with Hollis (2006) that the morphological differences Considering distribution and taxonomic problems related and distribution data presented by Dixon et al. (1993) C. f. leucometapus species. Thus, the concept of C. fuscus recognized in this presentto the species, meristic and (pholidotic) the limit anded infmorphometricormation available data of 18in workare sufficient is restricted for r toecognizing the nominal subspecies. as a valid specimensthe literature from regarding Paraná and its twomorphological of Santa Catarina, variation, housed we Chironius fuscus presents a in the herpetological collection of the Museu de História disjunct distribution, occurring in the Amazonian and Natural Capão da Imbuia, municipality of Curitiba, Paraná From this perspective,

1315 Souza-Filho et al. | Distribution extension of Chironius fuscus

(MHNCI). Coordinates of the localities were obtained from Google Earth Software Version 5.1.3535.3218 (Datum WGS 84). Coordinates of the municipal seats are presented when information about the precise location of records . The occurrence of Chironius fuscus in the state of was not available 1): Municipality of Antonina: “Bairro Alto” (25°15’49” S, Paraná48°44’24” is confirmedW; 17 m), bMHNCIy the f11325;ollowing “Cacatu” toponyms (25°18’32” (Figure

(approximatelyS, 48°45’36” W ; 25°18’47” 81 m), MHNCI S, 48°40’48” 11164 W;(Figur 6 m),e 2); MHNCI “PR- 405, between Lageado and Fazenda Bom Jesus I”

12540; “Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira, Trilha do Meio” (25°15’13” S, 48°40’05” W; 70 m), MHNCI 11947; “Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira, mouth of the Faisqueira 7River” m), (25°24’4 MHNCI 7” 11957. S, 48°39’52” Municipality W; 12 m), of MHNCI Guaraqueçaba: 11227; “Curitibaíba River, PR-340” (25°23’10” S, 48°46’57” W; MHNCI 392, MHNCI 7625, MHNCI 7720, MHNCI 9198; “Tagaçaba”no specific (25°13’21”locality (25°17’14” S, 48°27’23” S, W;48°19’01” 9 m), MHNCI W; 23 3183. m), Municipality of Guaratuba: “Cabaraquara, access to the Iate Figure 1. Localities of record of Chironius fuscus in the states of Paraná (PR) and Santa Catarina (SC). Municipality of Guaraqueçaba: 1 - Tagaçaba; Clube” (25°50’12” S, 48°34’20” W; 18 m), MHNCI 6911. Municipality of Antonina: 2 - Bairro Alto, 3 - Cacatu, 4 - PR-405, between

48°49’54” W; 24 m), MHNCI 10512; “Anhaia” (25°30’14” S, Lageado and Fazenda Bom Jesus I, 5 - Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira, 48°50’45”Municipality W; of 25 Morr m), MHNCIetes: no 10235; specific “São locality João (25°28’44” da Graciosa” S, Trilha do Meio, 6 - Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira, mouth of the (25°23’21”S,48°52’57” W; 245 m), MHNCI 12844; Paranaguá:Faisqueira Ri 11ver, - Ilha 7 - doCuritibaíba Mel; Municipality River, PR of-340; Guaratuba: Municipality 12 - Cabaraquara, of Morretes: 8 - São João da Graciosa, 9 - Sapetanduva, 10 - Anhaia; Municipality of

11617. accesso t the Iate Clube; Municipality of São Francisco do Sul: 13 - Vila da “Sapetanduva” (25°27’22” S, 48°48’43” W; 20 m), MHNCI Glória, CEPA/UNIVILLE. Municipality of Paranaguá: no specific locality 3543.(25°31’13” S, 48°30’34” W; sea level), MHNCI 11464; “Ilha females (mean 146.3; s 3.72; n = 6). Subcaudals 115-122 do Mel” (25°32’32” S, 48°18’02”Chironius W ; fuscussea le vel), from MHNCI Santa ins male (mean 119.0; s 2.45; n = 9), 118-123 in females Catarina are based on two specimens (MHNCI 11878, (mean 121.0; s 2.12; n = 5). Ventrals plus subcaudals 263- The first records of 274 in males (mean 266.6; s 3.78; n = 9), 261-269 in females Dixon(mean et 266.2; al. s 3.27; n = 5). Anal plate single. In order to 12022) obtained during field surveys in the “Centro de analyze the pholidotic variation found in the species, Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais of the Universidade de C. f. leucometapus(1993) ),subdi organizedvided the geographically. existing sample Based in se ven on Joinville” (CEPA/Univille), located in “Vila da Glória”, sub-samples (the seventh corresponding to the subspecies municipality of São Francisco do Sul, northern coast of that State (26°13’10” S, 48°42’09” W; 305 m; Figure the analysis of the number of ventrals plus subcaudals, montane1) (collection dense permit ombrophylous from IB AMA forest number at different 96/2004). stages etthese al. authors found no significant differences between ofThe regeneration, area is predominantly ranging from composed secondary of (“capoeira”)lowland/lower to specimensthe sub-sample froms. southeasternHowever, the Brazilvariation (sub-sample observed I)(Dix thanon primary forests with low anthropogenic impact, located in for the 1993: Amazonian figure 29, specimens page 121) (sub-samples showed lower II-VI), values with for slopes where the access is very difficult. The first specimen a mean estimated based on the etfigur al.e, (1993) between for 266the sub-and 19(male; December adult; hemipenis2004, on the partiall road,y near everted; a forested SVL = area.570 mm; The 267sample scales. from Our the data southeast (mean region.266.43; s 3.48) are very similar tail length = 320 mm; MHNCI 11878) was found dead on to theThe v hemipenisalues obtained of Chironius by Dixon fuscus insecond a forested individual area on(female; 03 April adult; 2006. SVL = 615 mm; tail length wasy briefl described = 370Among mm; MHNCI all the 12022) specimens was analyzedfound acti theve on largest the gr ound total byy Baile (1955), based on a dissected (not everted) organ. length corresponds to a female of 1490 mm; the largest Vellard (1928a, figure 4,Herpetodryas plate 2; 1928b, fuscus figur e 4, pageChironius 411) provided, fuscus). respectively, a photograph and a drawing of one- ranged from 0.34 to 0.36 in males and 0.36 to 0.37 in evertedsented new hemipenis illustrations, of apparently from the(= same speci- male has 1336 mm. The tail length/total length ratio men showed Vellard in (1946; the anterior figures contributions, 9C and 9D, page accompanied 274) pre by a brief description of the shape and ornamentation, but females. Pholidosis: supralabials 9 (n = 15) or 10 (n = 3); without indicating the origin of the specimen examined infralabials 10 (n = 14) or 9 (n = 4); temporals 1+1. Dorsals (undoubtedly a specimen housed in the Instituto Butan- 10, without reduction, presenting (n = 14) or not presenting tan, probably collected in southeastern Brazil). In these (n = 6) apical pits; paravertebral keels present and evident in adult males, but less evident (n = 4) or absent (n = 2) in with a “sub globular” apex (as a capitation), which we con- adult females and little seen in one juvenile male. Ventrals figures, the hemipenis appears as a short and bent organ, 143-153 in males (mean 147.2; s 2.64; n = 13), 142-152 in 1316 Souza-Filho et al. | Distribution extension of Chironius fuscus

submontane dense ombrophilous forest, similar to that reported by Marques and Sazima (2004) for the species in

presence of the species in southeastern Bahia in disturbed thee stat of São Paulo. However, Argôlo (2004) records the Our data demonstrate that southernmost populations ofenvironments the Chironius (cacao fuscus plantations (from São andPaulo bamboo to Santa thicket). Catarina) present a continuous distribution along the Brazilian coast, not been registered in high areas of the Serra do Mar

characters(above 305 (pholidosis,m asl) and in color the Br patternazilian southern and hemipenial plateau. morphology)We found no between significant the southeasterndifferences inand morphological northeastern samples, corroborating the recognition of a single

distributional pattern of C. fuscus species in Eastern Brazil. However, the wide and disjunct , as well as the variation necessaryreported tobetw assesseen theAmazonian taxonomy ofand the wholeAtlantic complex. Forest populations suggest that a comprehensive study remains

Acknowledgments:

eW ar grateful to Alberto Urben-Filho and Alisson Bernardi for help with the preparation of the draft and definitive versions of the distribution map, respectively, and to Luciano L. Plombon for the manuscript.first English translation. We are indebted to Pedro M. S. Nunes and to Figure 2. Chironius fuscus (MHNCI 11164) an anonymous referee for text revisions and relevant comments on the from Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Photo by S.A.A.Morato. Living adult male specimen of Literature Cited sider to represent a preparation artifact. Dixon and oth- Amaral, A. do. 1978. Serpentes do Brasil: iconografía colorida. 2ª ed. São

As serpentes dos cacauais do sudeste da Bahia. Ilhéus: - Editus.Paulo: Melhoramentos/EDUSP. 260 p. 246 p. ers lombia) have andprovided a more dr awings detailed (figur descriptione 3, page based 43; r epeated on nine Bailey,Argôlo, J.R. A.J.S. 1955. 2004. The snakes of the genus Chironius in southeastern South asespecimens, figur 27 all at from page Amazonian 118; based localities. on a specimen Preparations from Co of America. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 571: 1-21. the organs of four specimens from southern Brazil (MHN- Bérnils, R.S., A.R. Giraudo, S. Carreira and S.Z. Cechin. 2007. Répteis das CI 7625, 11164, 11957 and 12844) demonstrate that the porções subtropical e temperada da Região Neotropical. Ciência & hemipenis is simple, cylindrical, non-capitated. The sul- Ambiente 35: 101-136. Bérnils, R.S. and H.C. Costa (org.). 2011. Brazilian reptiles – List of species. Electronic Database accessible at apical position. A basal nude pocket is present. The proxi- malcus spermaticusarea located isbetween undivided, the basalcentr olineal,pocket andending the in sulcus sub- http://www.sbherpetologia.org. Ilhabr/. Capturedde São Sebastião, on 16 April southeastern 2012. Brazil: comparison to mainland. Centeno, Biota F Neotropica.C., R.J. Sawaya 8(3): and 63-68. O.A.V. Marques. 2008. Snake assemblage of Chippaux, J.P. 1986. Les serpents de la Guyane française basal,spermaticus enlarged is co spinesvered inwith the spinules. face not The sulcate. proximal The spineshalf of Tropicale nº XXVII. Paris: I’ORSTOM. 165 p. they bod is covered with sub-equal spines, all but 3 or 4 Transactions. Collection F ofaune the are replaced by papillae on distal half, which initially tend American Philosophical Society 18 (2): 186-219. Cope,. E.D.E.D 1900.1895. The The crocodilians, classification lizards, of the and ophidia. snakes of North America. Report of the United States Natural Museum 1898: 153-1270. to form transverse fringes, but that was soon organized in - As espécies de Chironius papillatelustrated calby ycesDixon w etell al. defined. (1993). The morphological pattern Cunha, Maranhão). O.R. and (Ophidia: F.P. Nasciment Colubridae).o. 1982. Memórias Ofídios doda Instituto Amazônia Butantan XV – observedThe color her e pattern does not of diff theer specimens from that fromobserv Paranáed and and il 46: 139-172. da Amazônia Oriental (Pará, Amapá e área de Carajás, Pará, Brasil (Testudines e Squamata). Publicações agree with those described for other populations from Cunha, Avulsas O.R., do F.P. Museu Nasciment Paraenseo and Emílio T.C.S. Goeldi Ávila-Pires. (40): 9-92. 1985. Os répteis da Santa Catarina states (live and/or recentlyet pr al.eserved) 2001; região leste do Pará. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Cunha, Zoologia O.R. and 9(1): F.P. 1-191. Nasciment o. 1993. Ofídios da Amazônia. As cobras da (totalthe A tlantic length F 369orest mm) (Baile presentsy 1955; brownish Marques color, with 34 Dixon, J.R. and P. Soini. 1977. The reptiles of the upper Amazon Argôlo 2004; Freitas 2011). The only juvenile specimen Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru. II. Crocodilians, Turtles and Snakes. Contributions in Biology and Geology, Milwaukee Public Museum (12): tail, and conforms well to the general pattern known for 1-91. southeasternirregular lighter populations cross bands of the on species.the body and five on the Despite the large altitudinal range reported by Dixon genus Chironius Monografie dei Dixon,Museo J.R., J.A.Regionale Wiest and di Scienze J.M. Cei. Naturali 1993. R evisiondi Torino of 13: the 279Neotr p.opical snakes et al. (1993) in northern South America, the records from Duellman, W.E. 1978. Fi tzinger The biology (Serpent of es, an Colubridae). equatorial Herpetofauna in southern Brazil are restricted to at altitudes ranging amazonian Ecuador. University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publication 65: 1-352. Serpentes Brasileiras records of Chironius fuscus are directly associated with Sapo-Publicações. 160 p. froma se level to 305 m (slopes of the Serra do Mar). Our Freitas, M.A. 2003.Répteis do nordeste brasileiro.o Laur de Freitas: Malha-de-

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from the Atlantic Rainforest area of Serra do Mendanha, in Rio de Pontes, J.A.L, J.P. Figueiredo, R.C. Pontes and C.F.D. Rocha. 2008. Snakes taxocenosis composition. Brazilian Journal of Biology 68(3): 601-609. Janeiro state, southeastern2008. Br azil:Serpentes a first da Serraapproximation do Mendanha, to theRio de Janeiro, RJ, ecologia e conservação. Rio de Janeiro: Technical Books Pontes,Editora J.A.L. Ltda. and C.F147.D. p. Rocha. 2009. The snake community of Serra do Mendanha, in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil: : July 2012 Pontes, J.A.L., R.C. Pontes and C.F.D. Rocha. : Ocotber 2012 Brazilian Journal of Biology 69(3): Received : December 2012 composition,795-804. abundance, richness and diversity in areas with Accepted : Pedro M.S. Nunes different conservation degrees. Published online Editorial responsibility

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