Mobility in Germany Short Report Traffic Volume – Structure
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Mobility in Germany A study by the Short report Transport volume – Structure – Trends Carried out by In cooperation with Dated: September 2019 Short report for/a study by the: Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur Referat G 13 – Prognosen, Statistik und Sondererhebungen Robert-Schuman-Platz 1 53175 Bonn FE project number 70.904/15 Submitted by: infas Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH Friedrich-Wilhelm-Straße 18 53113 Bonn Contact: Robert Follmer Head of Department Tel. +49(0)228/38 22-419 In cooperation with: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. Institut für Verkehrsforschung Rutherfordstraße 2 12489 Berlin IVT Research GmbH M 4, 10 68161 Mannheim infas 360 GmbH Ollenhauerstraße 1 53113 Bonn Project: 5431 Bonn, September 2019 Version 4.0 This edition updates the versions published in 2018 and implements a methodical harmonisation of the time series 2002 – 2008 – 2017. A component of this is also an adjustment of the weighting and extrapolation to accommodate the census-related corrections of the population figures for 2002 and 2008. The following citation formats are recommended: Long form: Follmer, Robert and Gruschwitz, Dana (2019): Mobility in Germany – short report. Edition 4.0 of the study by infas, DLR, IVT and infas 360 on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) (FE no. 70.904/15). Bonn, Berlin. www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de Short form: infas, DLR, IVT and infas 360 (2019): Mobility in Germany (on behalf of the BMVI) 3 Contents Mobility in Germany 2017 – what’s it about? 5 Results telegram 6 How often, how far and how long are we on the move? 8 What about access to car, bicycle, bus and rail as well as pedestrian traffic? 10 Which modes of transport do we use? 12 How are different user segments distributed? 14 What role is played by car sharing & co.? 16 Why do we travel? 18 Are we all shopping online? 20 Are there differences in the everyday mobility of certain population groups? 22 What about satisfaction in the transport services? 24 How are the results to be evaluated? 26 Notes on the further Mobility in Germany results 2002 to 2017 28 List of the regionally involved parties 29 Explanation of important terms 30 Mobility in Germany − Short report 4 960,619 316,361 199,671 189,042 169,223 156,420 BY ON SURVEYED ONLINE INTERVIEWED REPORTED TELEPHONE PAPER HOUSEHOLDS PERSONS TRIPS TYPE AND NUMBER OF INTERVIEWS Mobility in Germany 2017 – what’s it about? 5 Mobility in Germany 2017 – what’s it about? Travelling and mobility influence our day-to-day lives. They are a part of our social lives, to different degrees, Data base during work and education, leisure activities and every- After 2002 and 2008, the Federal Ministry of day personal business. Precise knowledge about Transport and Digital Infrastructure commissio- these mobility requirements and everyday transport ned the infas Institute for Applied Social Sciences occurrences is a prerequisite to providing the required to carry out the Mobility in Germany study for the resources. While a constantly increasing growth in third time in 2017. Involved on the part of the client car mobility in recent decades was recorded, much were over 60 regional partners who had commis- effort now concentrates on once more promoting sioned additional regional samples. As previously awareness of other transport services, such as public in 2008, processing was carried out together with transport, cycling and walking. It is apparent, not only the Institute of Transport Research at the German in Germany, that the continuous growth of car trans- Aerospace Centre. In addition, the project team was port is reaching its limits. Despite this, it remains a extended to include IVT Research as well as infas formative component of transport and must be acti- 360. vely modelled. The field phase of the current survey, with a referen- But where are we at on this path? How do the citizens ce survey date stretching for over twelve months, of Germany make use of the transport services? How took place in the period between May 2016 and has this changed in recent years? What about people September 2017. The study participants were able with reduced mobility? Do we all have similar mobility to take part in a multistage procedure in writing, habits or are there any differences? by telephone or online. Within the realised overall sample of 156,420 households, 33,389 households These and other questions are looked at in detail by the were allotted to the base sample for the whole of Mobility in Germany (MiD) study. This report presents Germany and 123,031 to the additional regional an overview of the core results for 2017. In addition samples. A total of 316,361 persons were interviewed to the extensive findings report of 2017 as well as who reported on 960,619 trips on their respective an own time-series report, it is intended to provide survey dates. The precise contents are documented insights into the most important benchmarks and in an overview at the end of this report. relationships. The evaluation of the base sample as well as the Further documentation has been written in addition regional additions are integrated. The extrapolation to these short and also long reports. These are available of the results provides extensive key values for the at www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de. All documenta- year 2017 on day-to-day mobility among Germany’s tion on the earlier surveys by Mobility in Germany in residential population and refers to all the trips they the years 2002 and 2008 are also available there (only made within Germany. in German). Additional information on these and a list With this edition of the short report, a direct com- of all regional Mobility in Germany 2017 clients can parison with the earlier surveys of 2002 and 2008 be found at the end of this short report. is possible. This is guaranteed by the retrospective regionalised adjustment of the extrapolations to We hope you enjoy reading! incorporate the census correction of the population figures carried out in 2011 as well as further me- Your Mobility in Germany project team thodological adjustments for 2002 and 2008 to the approach in 2017. Mobility in Germany − Short report 6 Results telegram Results telegram Overall transport volume virtually stable, but regio- ʯ The modal split across the whole of Germany in 2017 nally very different thus lies at 22 per cent for trips covered on foot alone, ʯ Seen as a whole, the total German passenger-trans- 11 per cent for the bicycle, 43 per cent for trips by port volume (measured as number of trips) and as the car driver as well as 14 per cent for those by the well the total passenger-kilometre performance car passenger. Public transport including long-dis- (measured as the passenger kilometres travelled) in tance transport reached a proportion of 10 per cent total have changed only a little compared to the last of the transport volume. In this examination of the Mobility in Germany surveys from 2002 and 2008. ‘Main travel mode’, trips for which different modes The volume has reduced slightly compared to 2008 of transport were used are summarised according to and now lies at almost 260 mio. trips per day. On a hierarchy and allocated to one of the above-men- the other hand, the transport distance has slightly tioned modes of transport. increased to around 3.2 bn. passenger kilometres a day. ʯ The examination of passenger-kilometre perfor- mance, i.e. the covered passenger kilometres, shows ʯ This overall development is misleading in terms of a clear increase for the bicycle as well as public trans- regional differences. In particular in the major towns, port. The vehicle mileage of car drivers has increased both values increase significantly in some cases, not to a lesser extent. The values for the car passengers least because of the population growth there – with have declined somewhat. corresponding transport burdens in the conurbation areas on the one hand and benefits for public trans- Plus for the environmental alliance of bicycle, bus and port on the other. rail, but minus for pedestrian traffic ʯ The bicycle is on the rise, especially in the kilometres ʯ The so-called ‘rate of mobility’, which means the cycled. Thus, the bicycle is being ridden in particular share of trip makers, has declined. While in 2008 an for somewhat further distances. In total, the cycled average of 90 per cent of the citizens were on the passenger kilometres compared to 2002 have increa- move on an average day, this value achieved only 85 sed by around a quarter. Compared to 2008 this is per cent in 2017. This leads to a somewhat reduced more than a tenth. average number of 3.1 trips per person and day. In 2008 the respective value was 3.4 trips. The above ʯ Public transport has grown proportionally and abso- average decline for children and young people is lutely in volume, but in particular in kilometre per- striking as well as for households with lower eco- formance. Here it has increased by a half compared nomic status. to 2002 and by a tenth compared to 2008. Still low growth in the proportion of cars ʯ It’s a different picture when it comes to pedestrian ʯ The transport modal split, measured as share of traffic: this has made losses, in particular in modal mode of transport of all trips, shows a slight growth share of transport volume, and went down from 25 in private motorised transport and low proportional per cent in 2008 to 22 per cent in the year 2017.