The Ancient Callreza VALI
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The Ancient Call REZA VALI Neal Berntsen Wendy Kallen Ismail Lumanovski Khosrow Soltani MICROTONAL TRUMPET SOPRANO CLARINET PERSIAN NEY Brevard Festival Slovak Radio Hoppa Project Kian Soltani Chamber Orchestra Symphony Orchestra PERSIAN KAMANCHE WWW.ALBANYRECORDS.COM Erberk Eryilmaz TROY1653 ALBANY RECORDS U.S. 915 BROADWAY, ALBANY, NY 12207 Keith Lockhart Robert Black CONDUCTOR Segâh Festival Ensemble TEL: 518.436.8814 FAX: 518.436.0643 CONDUCTOR CONDUCTOR ALBANY RECORDS U.K. Daniel Nesta Curtis BOX 137, KENDAL, CUMBRIA LA8 0XD TEL: 01539 824008 CONDUCTOR © 2016 ALBANY RECORDS MADE IN THE USA DDD WARNING: COPYRIGHT SUBSISTS IN ALL RECORDINGS ISSUED UNDER THIS LABEL. Vali_1653_book.indd 1-2 10/20/16 12:50 PM camouflaged can be revealed. Since the year 2000, Vali has embraced and retrieved the essence and THE COMPOSER spirit of his Iranian heritage. Breaking away from the European music system (equal temperament Reza Vali was born in Ghazvin, Iran, in 1952. He began his music studies at the tuning, European forms), Vali began composing music based on the Iranian modal system, the Conservatory of Music in Tehran. In 1972 he went to Austria and studied music Dastgâh/Maghâm. He has composed exclusively within the demanding palette of Persian polyphony. education and composition at the Academy of Music in Vienna. After graduating from The breaking away, or turning, from the constructs of European music does not imply a rejection. After the Academy of Music, he moved to the United States and continued his studies at all, his bona fides include exhaustive studies at the Academy of Music in Vienna and the University of the University of Pittsburgh, receiving his Ph.D. in music theory and composition in Pittsburgh, where he became totally immersed in Western traditions. The Persian polyphony should not 1985. Mr. Vali has been a faculty member of the School of Music at Carnegie Mellon perplex the listener nor imply prior knowledge. All we need to know is that these are modal intervals University since 1988. He has received numerous honors and commissions, including the honor prize not indigenous to the Western equal-temperament system. of the Austrian Ministry of Arts and Sciences, two Andrew W. Mellon Fellowships, commissions from the The first work on the disc, The Ancient Call (Calligraphy No. 13) was composed for microtonal Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, the Boston Modern Orchestra Project, the Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble, trumpet and orchestra for the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra’s outstanding trumpet virtuoso Neal Kronos Quartet, the Carpe Diem String Quartet, the Seattle Chamber Players, and the Arizona Friends of Berntsen and was completed in 2014 (for information about the microtonal trumpet please see below). Chamber Music, as well as grants from the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts, The Pittsburgh The work exemplifies the composer’s retrieval of the ancients within the tenets of the Western Foundation, and the Pittsburgh Board of Public Education. He was selected by the Pittsburgh Cultural symphony orchestra. It is dialogical. This is evident in passages in which the trumpet skirmishes Trust as the Outstanding Emerging Artist for which he received the Creative Achievement Award. Vali’s with forces of the Western orchestra. These tensions are evident in the latter’s disruptive passages, orchestral compositions have been performed in the United States by the Pittsburgh Symphony, the especially the snarling brass and percussion. The single-movement piece ends triumphantly. Tidal Seattle Symphony, the Boston Modern Orchestra Project, the Baltimore Symphony, the Memphis eruptions are magically unveiled within the edifice of Vali’s artistic dwelling. Symphony Orchestra, and Orchestra 2001. His chamber works have received performances by Cuarteto Homage to tradition takes center-stage in the next work: Persian Folk Songs (Set. No. 7) for Latinoamericano, the Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble, Carpe Diem String Quartet, Kronos Quartet, the solo voice and orchestra. The difference between this setting and the other works in this collection Seattle Chamber Players, and the Da Capo Chamber Players. His music has been performed in Europe, is immediately evident. Persian Folk Songs (Set No. 7) dates from 1988 and therefore pre-dates China, Chile, Mexico, Hong Kong, and Australia and is recorded on the Naxos, New Albion, MMC, the composer’s turning. It is embryonic in the sense that we have the essence of a cultural heritage Ambassador, Albany, and ABC Classics labels. (Persian) cast within the mold of Western European structure. The songs clearly evoke the spirit of the ancients, while the bold orchestral framework places us in the midst of 20th-century methodologies. Vali takes great care in approaching each piece with the proper emotive response. The playfulness THE MUSIC depicted in the two Children’s Songs (nos. 2 and 3), is in marked contrast to the resonant opening Return to the Origin Song from Luristan and the closing Kurdish Song, all dazzlingly rendered by vocalist Wendy Kallen. The The notes accompanying The Ancient Call attempt to capture Reza Vali’s unique and very personal formidable orchestral forces provide much more than mere accompaniment or dressing: they clearly ethos. I would define this as an approach to understand the dialogue between the ancients and the make visible the meaning and spirit of the texts. moderns. It addresses the composer’s conviction that what has been historically and artistically Vali_1653_book.indd 3-4 10/20/16 12:50 PM Sornâ (Folk Song, Set No. 17) Version for Solo Clarinet and Ensemble, much like The Ancient Kian Soltani. Much like The Ancient Call, the impossibility of rapprochement seems evident. What we Call (Calligraphy No. 13), is both respect and homage to tradition as well as an affirmation of a are witnessing is the full blooming of the ancient-modern dichotomy. But the point is, it is not so much brilliant soloist’s intuitive understanding of the composer’s intent. The original score of the work was a dichotomy as a shift that must be understood within the context of resolution. The composer bestows composed for Persian wind instruments and ensemble. A version for solo clarinet and ensemble was on us an offering that is radiant and illuminating. It is a powerful bonding—not a rejection. Segâh finalized in April 2015. unveils the very essence of the composer’s turning. The turning away from something into something Scored for solo clarinet, with flute, clarinet, piano, percussion, violin and cello, the composition other is neither renunciation nor denial: it is a belief in the urgency of dialogue. clearly evokes the full scope of Vali’s lexicon. There is an oceanic sense of discovery that permeates this —MARK YACOVONE © 2016 formidable undertaking. What emerges is soloist Ismail Lumanovski’s immersion in the demanding requisites of Persian microtonal intervals remarkably capturing this spirit within Western constructs. It is a work that evokes the past within the boundaries of the present. THE INSTRUMENTS The final work in this collection, Segâh, Double Concerto for Persian Ney, Kamanche, and Orchestra, The microtonal trumpet was developed in 2014 in Boston by Jim Becker at Osmun Music. A fourth valve is astounding in its full embracement of the composer’s convictions. Vali declares, “the piece consists has been added to the trumpet’s three valves. This additional valve lowers the note for a quarter tone of two traditional Persian instruments, the Ney (Persian bamboo flute), and Kamanche (Persian spike allowing the instrument to perform 24 quarter tones per octave. fiddle), as the musical representatives of Persian culture, set against the Western orchestra.” The Persian Ney is an end-blown flute performed by placing the instrument in the mouth The composer explains that the work is based on the Persian mode of Segâh, which is made at a 10 to 20 degree angle to the chin and using the mouth cavity, the tongue, and the teeth for of the succession of intervals of three quarter-tones and natural whole tones. Because of its interval sound production. structure, Segâh has no interval in common with the European/ Western equal-temperament tuning. The Kamanche is a Persian bowed instrument related to the rebab, the historical ancestor of This lack of common intervals between the Segâh mode and the equal-temperament tuning will lead the Kamanche. to cognitive dissonance if this mode is set against the equal-temperament system. What emerges is conflict. Is it cultural, artistic or both? The ultimate aim is Vali’s conviction that dialogue resolves whatever dilemmas are pending. The opening Prelude foreshadows the emerging friction. The second and final “Main Movement” brings everyone to the table. The composer states: “From the very first bars of the second movement of the piece, confusion and misunderstandings arise. The orchestra, being unable to play in the Persian mode of Segâh, or understand the mode, becomes more and more agitated. Musical tensions between the soloists and the orchestra lead to musical confrontations and finally to musical explosiveness.” A sizable orchestra, pitted against the Persian Ney and Kamanche, lays bare an extraordinary display of cultural and artistic tensions. Orchestral disruptive bursts predominate- colliding with the sensitive ornamentations of Ney and Kamanche in the hands of two remarkable soloists, Khosrow Soltani and Vali_1653_book.indd 5-6 10/20/16 12:50 PM premiered over 80 compositions by CMU students and faculty members. From 2011-2013, Curtis THE PERFORMERS was the Assistant Conductor of the Brooklyn Philharmonic where he worked alongside Alan Pierson Neal Berntsen joined the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra trumpet section in March 1997, to produce outside-the-box concert events. Curtis previously served as the Associate Conductor of having been appointed at the invitation of Music Director Lorin Maazel in 1996. He began the Bleecker Street Opera Company and Assistant Conductor of the Amor Artis Chorale and period his musical studies at age five playing the violin under the tutelage of his mother.