DOCSLIB.ORG

Annual Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annual Report S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia ANNUAL REPORT OF S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE PUBLIC CORPORATION ENERGIA FOR 2018 This Annual Report of S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Public Corporation Energia (RSC Energia) was prepared based upon its performance in 2018 with due regard for the requirements stated in the Russian Federation Government Decree of December 31, 2010 No. 1214 “On Improvement of the Procedure to Control Open Joint-Stock Companies whose Stock is in Federal Ownership and Federal State Unitary Enterprises”, and in accordance with the Regulations “On Information Disclosure by the Issuers of Outstanding Securities” No. 454-P approved by the Bank of Russia on December 30, 2014. Accuracy of the data contained in this Annual Report was confirmed by RSC Energia’s Auditing Committee Report as of May 23, 2019. This Annual Report was submitted for preliminary approval by RSC Energia’s Board of Directors on May 27, 2019, (Minutes No. 20 of 28.05.2019). This Annual Report was approved at RSC Energia’s General Shareholders’ Meeting on June 29, 2019 (Minutes No 38 of 01.07.2019). TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT RSC ENERGIA............................... 6 1.1. Company background ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.2. Period of the Company operation in the industry .............................................................................. 7 1.3. Information about the purchase and sale contracts for participating interests, equities, shares of business partnerships and companies concluded by the Company in 2018 ............................... 7 1.4. Information about the holding structure and the organizations involved ........................................... 7 2. PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF RSC ENERGIA OPERATION .......................... 10 2.1. Information about the Company strategies and development programs .......................................... 10 2.2. Prospects for development of the Company .................................................................................... 10 2.3. Level of investment with a breakdown by financing sources in 2018 ............................................. 11 2.4. Quality Management System in force at the Company .................................................................... 11 3. REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON THE RESULTS OF THE RSC ENERGIA DEVELOPMENT IN THE HIGH-PRIORITY AREAS OF ACTIVITY .............................................................................................................. 14 3.1. Financial and economic results of activities in 2014-2018 .............................................................. 14 3.2. Major competitors in the industry .................................................................................................... 17 3.3. The Company’s share in respective market segment in terms of its core business and dynamics of this indicator over the last 3 years ...................................................................................... 19 3.4. Transportation and engineering support of the ISS, flight operation of rocket and space complexes and systems ........................................................................................................................... 19 3.5. ISS operation .................................................................................................................................... 21 3.6. Results of scientific programs onboard the ISS RS ......................................................................... 25 3.7. Advanced space systems .................................................................................................................. 26 3.8. Launch vehicles ................................................................................................................................ 27 3.9. Unmanned space systems ................................................................................................................. 29 3.10. The use of space technologies on Earth ......................................................................................... 30 3.11. International activities of the Company ......................................................................................... 30 4. ENERGY CONSERVATION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY. INCREASE IN PRODUCTION ECOLOGICAL SAFETY ........................................................... 33 4.1. Measures to enhance energy efficiency ........................................................................................... 33 4.2. Information about the volume of different types of fuel-and-power resources used by the Company in 2018 (in physical and money terms) as compared with the past year ................................ 35 4.3. Ecological efficiency ........................................................................................................................ 36 5. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY. PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL POLICY ......................................................................................................... 37 5.1. Personnel policy ............................................................................................................................... 37 3 5.2. Personnel motivation........................................................................................................................ 40 5.3. Social policy ..................................................................................................................................... 41 6. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ............................................................................. 43 6.1. Corporate governance concepts and structure ................................................................................. 43 6.2. Information about the Company General Shareholders’ Meeting held ........................................... 46 6.3. Information about the Company Board of Directors ....................................................................... 47 6.3.1. Board of Directors’ Regulations ................................................................................................... 48 6.3.2. Company Board of Directors membership during the accounting year ........................................ 49 6.3.3. Background information about the persons who were the members of RSC Energia Board of Directors in 2018...................................................................................................................... 50 6.3.4. Regulations on ad hoc Committees at the Company Board of Directors, their memberships and information about the meetings held .......................................................................... 56 6.3.5. Provision on Remuneration of the Company Board of Directors members ................................. 58 6.3.6. Information about remuneration paid to the Company Board of Directors members in 2018 ..... 59 6.4. Information about the Company executive bodies .......................................................................... 59 6.4.1. Chief Executive Officer ................................................................................................................ 59 6.4.2. Collective Executive Body of the Company ................................................................................. 60 6.4.3. Company Management Board membership in 2018..................................................................... 60 6.4.4. Background information about the persons serving on the Company Management Board in 2018 .......................................................................................................................................... 62 6.4.5. Provision on remuneration of the Company executive bodies members ...................................... 68 6.4.6. Information about remuneration paid to the Company executive bodies members in 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................... 68 7. EQUITY CAPITAL .................................................................................................. 69 7.1. Equity capital structure .................................................................................................................... 69 7.2. Dividend Policy................................................................................................................................ 70 7.3 Information about distribution and disposition of the profit earned by the 2017 performance in 2018 ............................................................................................................................... 73 8. INTERNAL CONTROL AND RISK MANAGEMENT ....................................... 74 8.1. Description of the key risk factors associated with the Company activities .................................... 74 8.2. Internal control ................................................................................................................................. 81 8.3. Internal audit .................................................................................................................................... 82 8.4. Information about the Company Auditing Committee .................................................................... 83 8.5. Membership of RSC Energia Auditing Committee during the accounting year ............................. 84 8.6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IMPORTANT NOTICE IMPORTANT: You Must Read the Following Before Continuing
    IMPORTANT NOTICE IMPORTANT: You must read the following before continuing. The following applies to the document following this page, and you are therefore advised to read this carefully before reading, accessing or making any other use of the attached document. In accessing the attached document you agree to be bound by the following terms and conditions, including any modifications to them any time you receive any information from us as a result of such access. NOTHING IN THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENT CONSTITUTES AN OFFER OF SECURITIES FOR SALE IN THE UNITED STATES OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE IT IS UNLAWFUL TO DO SO. ANY SECURITIES TO BE ISSUED WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE ‘‘SECURITIES ACT’’), OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES OR OTHER JURISDICTION, AND THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD WITHIN THE UNITED STATES OR TO, OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF, U.S. PERSONS (AS DEFINED IN REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT), EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE OR LOCAL SECURITIES LAWS. THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE FORWARDED OR DISTRIBUTED TO ANY OTHER PERSON AND MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER WHATSOEVER, AND IN PARTICULAR, MAY NOT BE FORWARDED TO ANY U.S. PERSON OR TO ANY U.S. ADDRESS. ANY FORWARDING, DISTRIBUTION OR REPRODUCTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IN WHOLE OR IN PART IS UNAUTHORISED. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THIS DIRECTIVE MAY RESULT IN A VIOLATION OF THE SECURITIES ACT OR THE APPLICABLE LAWS OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Session II-A - Energy Block of International Space Station "Alpha"
    1995 (32nd) People and Technology - The Case The Space Congress® Proceedings For Space Apr 26th, 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM Paper Session II-A - Energy Block of International Space Station "Alpha" Anatoli I. Kiselev General Director Khrunichev, SRPSC Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Kiselev, Anatoli I., "Paper Session II-A - Energy Block of International Space Station "Alpha"" (1995). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 28. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1995-32nd/april-26-1995/28 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ENERGY BLOCK OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION "ALPHA" Ana10Ji I.Kisclev - General Director K.hrunichcv SRPSC Anatoli i.Nedaivoda - General Designer Valdimir K.Karra.sk - Professor, Design Center Director The international space station "Alpha" consists of the American, Rus­ sian, European and Japanese segments. Its integration in the orbit will take place in November, 1997 starting from the injection of 20-tonn erergy block on the basis of the unified functional c.argo blade (russian abbr1.. "' iation as EFGB) by means of the "Proton" LY. The EFG B is designed by the KHRUNICHEV State Research and Production Space Center (KSRPSC) The orbit hight with the inclination of 51.6 deg for EFGB is so selected thett by the end of December, 1997 it can be decreased upto the hight (approx.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Session III-A-History of the First NASA Contract with Russia
    1994 (31st) Space Exploration and Utilization The Space Congress® Proceedings for the Good of the World Apr 28th, 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM Paper Session III-A - History of the First NASA Contract with Russia Barbara D. Connelly-Fratzke NASA Headquarters, Office of Space Systems Development Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Connelly-Fratzke, Barbara D., "Paper Session III-A - History of the First NASA Contract with Russia" (1994). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 18. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1994-31st/april-28-1994/18 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. History of the First NASA Contract with Russia Barbara D. Connelly-Fratzke NASA Headquarters Office of Space Systems Development This story begins after the end of the cold war with the Soviet Union. after perestroika had its initial impact on the economy, at about the time the Russian space firms were beginning to lose government support and fac ing hard times ahead. As part or the FY92 Budget approval, Congress, in its wisdom, directed NASA to investigate the Russian space hardware and determine its feasibility for use in the U.S. space program. At the invitation of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow and the Russian firm NPO Energia, NASA made a reconnaissance visit to NPO Energia to open discussions concerning Russian space hardware.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of S.P
    ANNUAL REPORT OF S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE PUBLIC CORPORATION ENERGIA FOR 2019 This Annual Report of S.P.Korolev Rocket and Space Public Corporation Energia (RSC Energia) was prepared based upon its performance in 2019 with due regard for the requirements stated in the Russian Federation Government Decree of December 31, 2010 No. 1214 “On Improvement of the Procedure to Control Open Joint-Stock Companies whose Stock is in Federal Ownership and Federal State Unitary Enterprises”, and in accordance with the Regulations “On Information Disclosure by the Issuers of Outstanding Securities” No. 454-P approved by the Bank of Russia on December 30, 2014 Accuracy of the data contained in this Annual Report, including the Report on the interested-party transactions effected by RSC Energia in 2019, was confirmed by RSC Energia’s Auditing Committee Report as of 01.06.2020. This Annual Report was preliminary approved by RSC Energia’s Board of Directors on August 24, 2020 (Minutes No. 31). This Annual Report was approved at RSC Energia’s General Shareholders’ Meeting on September 28, 2020 (Minutes No 40 of 01.10.2020). 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT RSC ENERGIA ............................. 6 1.1. Company background .........................................................................................................................6 1.2. Period of the Company operation in the industry ...............................................................................6 1.3. Information about the purchase and sale contracts for participating interests, equities, shares of business partnerships and companies concluded by the Company in 2019 ..............................................7 1.4. Information about the holding structure and the organizations involved ...........................................8 2. PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF RSC ENERGIA OPERATION ........................ 11 2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle
    Order Code RL33568 The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Updated November 9, 2007 Carl E. Behrens Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Summary The International Space Station (ISS) program began in 1993, with Russia joining the United States, Europe, Japan, and Canada. Crews have occupied ISS on a 4-6 month rotating basis since November 2000. The U.S. Space Shuttle, which first flew in April 1981, has been the major vehicle taking crews and cargo back and forth to ISS, but the shuttle system has encountered difficulties since the Columbia disaster in 2003. Russian Soyuz spacecraft are also used to take crews to and from ISS, and Russian Progress spacecraft deliver cargo, but cannot return anything to Earth, since they are not designed to survive reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere. A Soyuz is always attached to the station as a lifeboat in case of an emergency. President Bush, prompted in part by the Columbia tragedy, made a major space policy address on January 14, 2004, directing NASA to focus its activities on returning humans to the Moon and someday sending them to Mars. Included in this “Vision for Space Exploration” is a plan to retire the space shuttle in 2010. The President said the United States would fulfill its commitments to its space station partners, but the details of how to accomplish that without the shuttle were not announced. The shuttle Discovery was launched on July 4, 2006, and returned safely to Earth on July 17.
    [Show full text]
  • Butina Keynote
    Vision A human outpost in space bringing nations together for the benefit of life on Earth… and beyond. We will make revolutionary discoveries and establish a permanent international presence of humans in space, to advance the exploration of the solar system and enable commerce in space. U.S. Core complete Mission Safely build, operate, and utilize a continuously inhabited orbital research facility through a partnership of governments, industries, and academia. International partner complete dimensions: 171 ft. long, 240 ft. wide, 90 ft. high, 15,000 cubic feet of living space. weight: 197 tons (404,000 lbs.) ISS today science capabilities: laboratories from four space agencies planned, U.S. Lab “Destiny” operating since Feb. 2001. orbital inclination/path: 51.6 degrees, covering 90% of the world’s population. altitude: approximately 240 miles above the Earth. speed: 17,500 miles per hour, orbiting the Earth 16 times a day. The International Space Station is more powerful, and 4 times larger, than any human space craft ever built. Over 100 people have visited the ISS so far, 17% for the second time. United States 16 International Participants Canada Russia Europe 5 International Partners Japan ISS Technical Configuration Elements Currently on Orbit Elements Pending US Shuttle Launch Science Power Module (SPM) Elements Pending Russian Launch Docking Compartment (DC) 1 Zarya Control Module Zvezda Service Module PMA 1 S1 Truss SO Truss Port SM MMOD Shields Segment Segment Photovoltaic AMS ULC1 P1 Truss Arrays ULC2 Port MT/ CETA Research Module (RM) Mobile Segment Rails S3/4 Truss Servicing Segment System P6 Truss Multipurpose Laboratory Segment Module (MLM) Express Pallets Starboard MT/ CETA Rails P5 Truss S6 Truss Segment Segment ESP-3 P3/4 Truss S5 Truss Segment Segment ESP-4 Canadarm2 Starboard Photovoltaic Arrays Dextre (SPDM) Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS), JEM ELM-PS Mobile Transporter (MT) ESP-2 Z1 Truss Segment JEM RMS & Exposed Facility Airlock PMA 3 Node 1 Cupola U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Lesson Plan: Russian Rocket Ships!
    Engineering Lesson Plan: Russian Rocket Ships! Sputnik, Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz Launcher Schematics Uttering the text “rocket ship” can excite, mystify, and inspire young children. A rocket ship can transport people and cargo to places far away with awe-inspiring speed and accuracy. The text “rocket scientist” indexes a highly intelligent and admirable person, someone who is able to create, or assist in the creation of machines, vehicles that can actually leave the world we all call “home.” Rocket scientists possess the knowledge to take human beings and fantastic machines to space. This knowledge is built upon basic scientific principles of motion and form—the understanding, for young learners, of shapes and their function. This lesson uses the shape of a rocket to ignite engineering knowledge and hopefully, inspiration in young pupils and introduces them to a space program on the other side of the world. Did you know that the first person in space, Yuri Gagarin, was from the former Soviet Union? That the Soviet Union (now Russia) sent the first spacecraft, Sputnik I, into Earth’s orbit? That today, American NASA-based astronauts fly to Russia to launch and must learn conversational Russian as part of their training? Now, in 2020, there are Russians and Americans working together in the International Space Station (ISS), the latest brought there by an American-based commercial craft. Being familiar with the contributions Russia (and the former Soviet Union) has made to space travel is an integral part of understanding the ongoing human endeavor to explore the space all around us. After all, Russian cosmonauts use rocket ships too! The following lesson plan is intended for kindergarten students in Indiana to fulfill state engineering learning requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • The Soviet Space Program
    C05500088 TOP eEGRET iuf 3EEA~ NIE 11-1-71 THE SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM Declassified Under Authority of the lnteragency Security Classification Appeals Panel, E.O. 13526, sec. 5.3(b)(3) ISCAP Appeal No. 2011 -003, document 2 Declassification date: November 23, 2020 ifOP GEEAE:r C05500088 1'9P SloGRET CONTENTS Page THE PROBLEM ... 1 SUMMARY OF KEY JUDGMENTS l DISCUSSION 5 I. SOV.IET SPACE ACTIVITY DURING TfIE PAST TWO YEARS . 5 II. POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING FUTURE PROSPECTS . 6 A. General ............................................. 6 B. Organization and Management . ............... 6 C. Economics .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. 8 III. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL FACTORS ... 9 A. General .. .. .. .. .. 9 B. Launch Vehicles . 9 C. High-Energy Propellants .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 D. Manned Spacecraft . 12 E. Life Support Systems . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 F. Non-Nuclear Power Sources for Spacecraft . 16 G. Nuclear Power and Propulsion ..... 16 Te>P M:EW TCS 2032-71 IOP SECl<ET" C05500088 TOP SECRGJ:. IOP SECREI Page H. Communications Systems for Space Operations . 16 I. Command and Control for Space Operations . 17 IV. FUTURE PROSPECTS ....................................... 18 A. General ............... ... ···•· ................. ····· ... 18 B. Manned Space Station . 19 C. Planetary Exploration . ........ 19 D. Unmanned Lunar Exploration ..... 21 E. Manned Lunar Landfog ... 21 F. Applied Satellites ......... 22 G. Scientific Satellites ........................................ 24 V. INTERNATIONAL SPACE COOPERATION ............. 24 A. USSR-European Nations .................................... 24 B. USSR-United States 25 ANNEX A. SOVIET SPACE ACTIVITY ANNEX B. SOVIET SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES ANNEX C. SOVIET CHRONOLOGICAL SPACE LOG FOR THE PERIOD 24 June 1969 Through 27 June 1971 TCS 2032-71 IOP SLClt~ 70P SECRE1- C05500088 TOP SEGR:R THE SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM THE PROBLEM To estimate Soviet capabilities and probable accomplishments in space over the next 5 to 10 years.' SUMMARY OF KEY JUDGMENTS A.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Program Registration of Participants. Welcome
    Conference program Registration of participants. Welcome coffee 08:00-09:15 Official opening ceremony. Plenary session “Cooperation Between Business and the State: Outcomes and Outlook” 09:15-11:00 Moderator: Veronika Strizhak 5 TV Channel Anchor Head of the analytical program Speakers Valery GOLUBEV Deputy Chairman of Gazprom's Management Committee Elena MIKHAILOVA Member of the Gazprom Management Committee, Head of Department Vladimir MARKOV Member of the Gazprom Management Committee, Head of Department Olga DERGUNOVA Deputy Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation – Head of the Federal Agency for State Property Management Vladimir AFONSKY Deputy Chairman of the State Duma's Property Committee Irina BABUK Chairwoman of Committee for Investment of St. Petersburg Government Alexey STRUCHKOV Permanent Representative of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) under President of the Russian Federation Vitaly TUSHINOV Deputy Governor of the Vologda region Elena DYUKAREVA Vice-President of the Leningrad Chamber of Commerce and Industry 11:00-11:45 Coffee break Plenary session “Land-and-Property Relations: New Frames of Reference” 11:45-13:00 Moderator: Alexey Kharlamov Director General, Non-Profit Partnership for Efficient Asset Management Corporate Owners’ Club Speakers: Elena Chuguevskaya, Head of the Department for strategic and spatial planning at the RF Ministry for Economical Development Pavel Potapov Deputy Director of RF Federal Agency for State-Property Management Alexander Puzikov Deputy General Director for
    [Show full text]
  • Proposals on Spw Evolution
    ROSCOSMOS Igor V. Orlovsky Deputy Head of Onboard Control Systems Division Alexey A. Khakhulin Team Manager, Next‐Generation Onboard Control Systems Developm th 16 SpaceWire Working Group, 21‐23 March 2011 ESA/ESTEC, Noorwijk, The Netherla Rocket and Space Corporation Energia named after Sergei Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia after S.P. Korolev Rocket is the strategic enterprise of Russia and the leading company engaged in manned space systems. A great deal of attention is focused on the development of new space technologies, including dedicated unmanned space systems for various applications, rocket systems for spacecraft orbital injection. Its presence is noticeable on the international market of rocket and space services. It is the leader in introducing space high technologies for manufacture of products not related to space industry. Its structure: •Primary Design Bureau; •Baikonur branch; •ZAO Experimental Machinebuilding Plant, RSC Energia; •ZAO Volzhskoye DB; •ZAO PO Kosmos, RSC Energia; •Developed social infrastructure. •38% of the Corporation equity is owned by the state. CORE ACTIVITIES • Manned Space Systems • Unmanned Space Systems • Rocket Systems • Advanced Programs • Provision of Services CRUCIALLY IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS FOR ONBOARD INTERFACES . providing equipment scalability . easy upgrading . supporting real-time transmission of large amounts of data and time-critical commands and data within a broad range of data rates and transmission distances . etc Up to now it has been very difficult to develop an all‐purpose interface. SPACEWIRE AS A BASE FOR NEXT‐GENERATION ONBOARD CONTROL SYSTEM Parameters of SpaceWire interface are closest to meeting the requirements of the all-purpose interface but along with significant advantages, has certain drawbacks.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Commercial Spaceports
    The New Commercial Spaceports Derek Webber1 Spaceport Associates, Rockville, Maryland 20852,USA During the second half of the 20th Century, the first launch sites were established, mostly during the ‘fifties and ‘sixties. They were originally a product of the cold war and served military and civil government purposes. They were used for launching sounding rockets, space probes, for missile testing and injecting military, scientific, and eventually commercial satellites into orbit. Initially the sites were in either the USA or the former Soviet Union, but gradually they were introduced in other countries too. Governmental astronaut crews were also sent into orbit from these early launch sites. As the 21st Century begins, a new era is emerging where a fuller range of commercial missions will be undertaken and moreover where public space travel will become common place. This situation ushers in a new kind of launch facility, known as the commercial spaceport. I. Introduction here will be vastly different requirements for the future public space travelers, and their families and friends, T than are normally available at the traditional launch sites built fifty years ago. Indeed, the creation of this emerging kind of facility, the commercial spaceport, is in some ways a very necessary part of the creation of the new space businesses that the twenty-first century offers. It will be essential that, while the space tourism companies are becoming established in order to provide services to the new public space travelers, suitable ground based facilities will be developed in parallel to sustain and support these operations. This paper provides an insight into these commercial spaceport facilities, and their characteristics, in order to assist in both design and business planning processes.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Launchers Between Commerce and Geopolitics
    The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Report 56 March 2016 Marco Aliberti Matteo Tugnoli Short title: ESPI Report 56 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in March 2016 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose with- out permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 56; March 2016. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, inciden- tal or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 56 2 March 2016 The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 10 1.1 Access to Space at the Nexus of Commerce and Geopolitics 10 1.2 Objectives of the Report 12 1.3 Methodology and Structure 12 2. Access to Space in Europe 14 2.1 European Launchers: from Political Autonomy to Market Dominance 14 2.1.1 The Quest for European Independent Access to Space 14 2.1.3 European Launchers: the Current Family 16 2.1.3 The Working System: Launcher Strategy, Development and Exploitation 19 2.2 Preparing for the Future: the 2014 ESA Ministerial Council 22 2.2.1 The Path to the Ministerial 22 2.2.2 A Look at Europe’s Future Launchers and Infrastructure 26 2.2.3 A Revolution in Governance 30 3.
    [Show full text]