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THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION Contiiiblgue

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THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION Contiiiblgue ERVE R May 4, 1984 A Journal of Free Voices $1.00 THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION CONTIiilgb ue By Louis Dubose Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico a campesino movement which would, for AND. Not arcane economic theory 400 landless farmworkers in this border reduced to a political tract, but a state, "fulfill part of the promise of the L collective vision, plain and simple: Revolution." The Revolution, by most reclaiming a patrimony 400 years lost. This accounts, ended some 60 years ago. was the soul of the Mexican revolution. Luna and Lira were arrested on March And on the 65th anniversary of the 2 just when it appeared that negotiations assassination of the one leader who inspired between the government and farmworkers that vision, land remains the soul of what occupying part of a 50 thousand-acre tract remains of the Revolution. `If Zapata were of federally-owned land here were close to living today," argued Gregorio Luna Mar- a conclusion. They argue that they are tinez from his corner in the minimum political prisoners. They are, they claim, security cell of the Matamoros municipal locked up because they were close to forcing jail, "he would be locked up with us." government agencies to comply with agrar- ian reform law and concede the occupied Both Luna and his cellmate, Rodolfo Lira land to petitioning campesinos. Rivera, face state charges for their part in (Continued on Page 7) , In This Issue: ....46.1.10.A.... UT Terms Central The View * of Endowment America Debate from El Paso • PAGE TWO • The Return of It 1111 11111/11 1.11 it i it,: I III 1111 Simpson-Mazzoli I I Austin HERE THERE IS A BORDER — delineated, etched, TETXDB in this case, by the meandering bed of the Rio SERvER W Grande — there is also flux. Follow the curves © The Texas Observer Publishing Co.. 1984 of the river through Ciudad Juarez or Laredo or Reynosa Ronnie Dugger, Publisher or Brownsville. Large economic and social forces grate on each other there, sliding over and under each other like huge Vol. 76, No. 9 7 4=0) May 4, 1984 geological plates constantly in motion, where the First World Incorporating the State Observer and the East Texas Democrat, meets the Third. which in turn incorporated the Austin ForuM-Advocate. But the borders of their meeting are not determined entirely EDITOR Geoffrey Rips by geography. This is where the Mexican peso devaluation ASSOCIATE EDITOR Dave Denison meets the North American recession. The absence of a EDITOR AT LARGE Ronnie Dugger sanitation system in vast parts of Nuevo Laredo is mirrored CAREY McWILLIAMS FELLOW: Nina Butts by the absence of a sanitation system in colonias around Pharr. Radiation released in a junkyard in Ciudad Juarez contaminates CALENDAR: Chula Sims WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT: Al Watkins a school in El Paso, while the Environmental Protection LAYOUT AND DESIGN: Alicia Daniel Agency tests the burning of PCBs in the Gulf of Mexico EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Frances Barton. Austin.; Elroy Bode, Kerr- not far from the mouth of the Rio Grande. The labor of the ville; Chandler Davidson, Houston; Bob Eckhardt, Washington, D.C.; Sissy Rio Grande Valley, as well as that of the Valley of the Rio Farenthold, Houston; Ruperto Garcia, Austin; John Kenneth Galbraith, Cam- bridge, Mass.; Lawrence Goodwyn, Durham, N.C.; George Hendrick, Urbana. Bravo (in Mexico), has been exploited at least since the time Ill.; Molly Ivins, Dallas; Larry L. King, Washington, D.C.; Maury Maverick, that the railroads of North America arrived at the river to Jr., San Antonio; Willie Morris, Oxford. Miss.; Kaye Northcott, Austin; James meet the railroads from the south. Presley, Texarkana, Tx.; Susan Reid, Austin; A. R. (Babe) Schwartz, Galveston; Fred Schmidt, Tehachapi, Cal., Robert Sherrill, Tallahassee, Fla. As our cover story by Louis Dubose indicates, there is CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Warren Burnett, Nina Butts, Jo Clifton, Craig great unrest across the river, fueled by the inequities of a Clifford, John Henry Faulk, Ed Garcia, Bill Helmer, Jack Hopper, Amy Johnson, stagnated agrarian reform movement. Observer contributor Laurence Jolidon, Mary Lenz, Matt Lyon, Greg Moses, Rick Piltz, Susan Raleigh, Paul Sweeney, Michael Ventura, Lawrence Walsh. Scott Lind was tortured' during interrogation by Mexican CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS: Alan Pogue, Russell Lee, Scott Van authorities while he was covering a hunger strike by Zenith Osdol. workers in Reynosa. Lind's work for the Valley Monitor CONTRIBUTING ARTISTS: Jeff Danziger, Beth Epstein, Dan Hubig, Kevin covering the Zenith strike and the agrarian unrest around Krenek, Ben Sargent, Gail Woods. Reynosa led to his detention. A journal of free voices And there is unrest on this side of the river: voter registration drives and organizing against inadequate public services and We will serve no group or party but will hew hard to the truth as we find unemployment. There is the creation of a political constituency it and the right as we see it. We are dedicated to the whole truth, to human values above all interests, to the rights of humankind as the foundation of less vulnerable to exploitation. democracy; we will take orders from none but our own conscience, and never All the while, the great sociological plates of inadequate will we overlook or misrepresent the truth to serve the interests of the power- health care, unemployment, environmental peril, and unfair ful or cater to the ignoble in the human spirit. • Writers are responsible for their own work, but not for anything they have labor practices shift back and forth across the river. On April not themselves written, and in publishing them we do not necessarily imply 25, 205 members of the Mexican labor force were transported that we agree with them because this is a journal of free voices. by the U.S. Department of Labor and the Virginia Agricultural Growers Association, as part of the U.S. guestworker (H- Business Manager Frances Barton 2) program, to work in the tobacco fields of Virginia while Assistant Alicia Daniel unemployment among Valley farmworkers runs between 33 Advertising, Special Projects Cliff Olofson and 50 percent. Editorial and Business Office At the same time, the Valley has become the battleground 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701 in which the fight between the churches and U.S. immigration (512) 477-0746 •si..*:A...wwwr.4Alte,os authorities will be waged concerning the right to safe haven The Texas Observer (ISSN 0040-4519) is published biweekly except for a three-week inter- val between issues in January and July (25 issues per year) by the Texas Observer Publishing for Central American refugees. The arrest of Jack Elder of Co., 600 West 7th Street. Austin, Texas 78701, (512) 477-0746. Second class postage paid Casa Oscar Romero in San Benito (TO, 3/9/84) and the trial at Austin, Texas. of Catholic lay worker Stacey Merkt on charges of transporting Single copy (current or back issue) $1.00 prepaid. One year, $20: two years, $38: three years, S56. One year rate for full-time students. $13. Airmail, foreign, group, and bulk rates refugees have brought out leaders of many denominations in on request. Microfilm editions available from University Microfilms Intl., 300 N. Zeeb Road, public opposition to the current policies of the Immigration Ann Arbor. Michigan 48106. Copyright 1984 by Texas Observer Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Material may and Naturalization Service. not be reproduced without permission. Yet once again there is a concerted effort in the United POSTMASTER: Send form 3579 to: 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701. States Congress and among members of the Reagan 2 MAY 4, 1984 irpositoroWASIMMOINNW► 4 1•11 A1 - ' rift 11,- Vie -0101111M000011r - Ad" " 1 ' ise - Administration to pass a set of immigration laws that would the United Farm Workers says that, while all the political threaten the constitutionally-guaranteed civil liberties of large candidates are courting the Hispanic vote, "our opposition segments of our population while ignoring the realities of our [to Simpson-Mazzoli] is falling on deaf ears. On a daily basis border and of immigration to this country. Simpson-Mazzoli we hear that 'the hands that pick the crops will pick the next is back. President.' If this is so, then why do we have such little clout In 1983, House Speaker Tip O'Neill killed consideration on this issue, which we unanimously oppose?" The violation of the bill, fearing it would be a 1984 liability for the of the civil liberties of a segment of the population is not Democrats, particularly among Hispanic voters. But O'Neill a special interest but is a national interest. was roundly attacked for surrendering to "special interests" The Simpson-Mazzoli bill is \discriminatory, and it is — civil liberties having been relegated to the special interest ineffective. It does not begin to address the real borders of bin. This year O'Neill apparently is not quite -so concerned this country. No matter how many walls of words and laws about such interests. Last year Congressman Jim Wright, D- Congress tries to erect, it will not, as Willard Gingerich says Fort Worth, O'Neill's heir apparent, opposed Simpson- in the poem in this issue, make us "immune/certainly not Mazzoli "because he did not feel many who had a deep interest secure/behind a trivial river/that killdeer skim across." G. R. in the bill had been heard yet," his press secretary told the Observer. This year Wright is a proponent of the bill, having applied the cosmetics of his own amendment to the package. (Wright's amendment extends eligibility for permanent residence amnesty to those entering illegally between January 1, 1982, and January 1, 1984, provided they meet certain OF MUNICIPAL standards and study English and U.S.
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