Other Topologies 18 and 20 March 2020 Discuss Rest of Semester

JFET Junction Field Effect Transistor

• The two gate terminals are tied together to form single gate connection; the source terminal is grounded • The flow of electric charge through a PN JFET is controlled by constricting the current-carrying channel; the width of the channel is controlled by the gate through varying the depletion region at the PN junction at the interface between the gate and the channel

1 • The current also depends on the electric field between source and drain Structure of JFET

N-channel JFET

• a long channel of n-type (N-channel) or p-type (p-channel) semiconductor. Two ohmic contacts with each at one end of the channel: the source and the drain • The gate (control) terminal has opposite to that of the channel, so there is a PN junction at the interface between the junction and the channel. The contact from gate to outside is also ohmic.

2 3 4 I-V relationship of PN JFET

Nonsaturation region (linear region) Saturation region

5 Other Features of PN JFET

• JFET is unipolar device since only majority carriers transport in the channel • The source and drain region are interchangeable • N-channel devices have greater conductivity than p-channel types, since have higher mobility than holes • The gate current is approximately zero since the PN junction is reverse biased

Symbols of JFET (arrow represents the polarity of the PN junction)

6 Comparisons of

BJT MOSFET JFET

n(p)-type inversion layer NPN: n++p+n Inversed biased PN junction Structure structure as channel between the gate and channel PNP: p++n+p from S to D from S to D

Current Drift Drift transport Diffusion

Carriers Unipolar Unipolar: involved in Bipolar: electrons NMOS: electrons N-channel: electrons current and holes transport PMOS: holes P-channel: holes

IC=βIB= (1/α) IE Current at (Forward active IG=0 IG≈0 terminals mode) ID=f(VGS, VDS) ID=f(VGS, VDS) IC=f(VBE, VBC)

7 Comparisons of Transistors (Cont’d)

BJT MOSFET JFET

Symbols N-channel NPN PNP NMOS PMOS P-channel • Voltage-controlled current • Current-controlled • Voltage-controlled • for digital signal current amplifier current amplifier • IC circuits Applications • Switch for digital • Switch for digital • MESFET can be used in higher- signal signal frequency than PN-JFET due to higher • Discrete circuits • IC circuits mobility in GaAs

8 9 10 11 12 Esaki (Tunnel ) is obsolete but illustrates an early application of quantum effects. Gunn (Transferred Electron Device) Essentially Obsolete Better Approaches to Signal Generation

L

IMPATT (IMPact Ionization Avalanche Transit Time Essentially Obsolete Better Approaches to Microwave Signal Generation (f=v/2L)