St. Kentigern, Kentigernus (L), Or Cyndern Garthwys (W), A.K.A
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The Matter of Britain
THE MATTER OF BRITAIN: KING ARTHUR'S BATTLES I had rather myself be the historian of the Britons than nobody, although so many are to be found who might much more satisfactorily discharge the labour thus imposed on me; I humbly entreat my readers, whose ears I may offend by the inelegance of my words, that they will fulfil the wish of my seniors, and grant me the easy task of listening with candour to my history May, therefore, candour be shown where the inelegance of my words is insufficient, and may the truth of this history, which my rustic tongue has ventured, as a kind of plough, to trace out in furrows, lose none of its influence from that cause, in the ears of my hearers. For it is better to drink a wholesome draught of truth from a humble vessel, than poison mixed with honey from a golden goblet Nennius CONTENTS Chapter Introduction 1 The Kinship of the King 2 Arthur’s Battles 3 The River Glein 4 The River Dubglas 5 Bassas 6 Guinnion 7 Caledonian Wood 8 Loch Lomond 9 Portrush 10 Cwm Kerwyn 11 Caer Legion 12 Tribuit 13 Mount Agned 14 Mount Badon 15 Camlann Epilogue Appendices A Uther Pendragon B Arthwys, King of the Pennines C Arthur’s Pilgrimages D King Arthur’s Bones INTRODUCTION Cupbearer, fill these eager mead-horns, for I have a song to sing. Let us plunge helmet first into the Dark Ages, as the candle of Roman civilisation goes out over Europe, as an empire finally fell. The Britons, placid citizens after centuries of the Pax Romana, are suddenly assaulted on three sides; from the west the Irish, from the north the Picts & from across the North Sea the Anglo-Saxons. -
Early Christian' Archaeology of Cumbria
Durham E-Theses A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. How to cite: O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. (1980) A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7869/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Deirdre M. O'Sullivan A reassessment of the Early Christian.' Archaeology of Cumbria ABSTRACT This thesis consists of a survey of events and materia culture in Cumbria for the period-between the withdrawal of Roman troops from Britain circa AD ^10, and the Viking settlement in Cumbria in the tenth century. An attempt has been made to view the archaeological data within the broad framework provided by environmental, historical and onomastic studies. Chapters 1-3 assess the current state of knowledge in these fields in Cumbria, and provide an introduction to the archaeological evidence, presented and discussed in Chapters ^--8, and set out in Appendices 5-10. -
Euriskodata Rare Book Series
Jsl THE ANTIQUITIES OF AEEAN. *. / f?m Finfcal's and Bruce's Cave. THE ANTIQUITIES OF ARRAN: Skekjj of fyt EMBRACING AN ACCOUNT OP THE SUDEEYJAE UNDER THE NOESEMEN, BY JOHN M'ARTHUR ' Enquire, I pray thee, of the former age, and prepare thyself to the search of their fathers : for we are but of yesterday." JOB viii. 8, 9. ames acr, n. GLASGOW: THOMAS MUKRAY AND SON. EDINBURGH: PATON AND RITCHIE. LONDON: ARTHUR HALL, VIRTUE AND co. 1861. PREFATORY NOTE. WHILST spending a few days in Arran, the attention of the Author was drawn to the numerous pre-historic monuments scattered over the Island. The present small Work embraces an account of these in- teresting remains, prepared chiefly from careful personal observation. The concluding Part contains a description of the monu- ments of a later period the chapels and castles of the Island to which a few brief historical notices have been appended. Should the persual of these pages induce a more thorough investigation into these stone-records of the ancient history of Arran, the object of the Author shall have been amply attained. The Author begs here gratefully to acknowledge the kind- ness and assistance rendered him by JOHN BUCHANAN, Esq. of Glasgow; JAMES NAPIEE, Esq., F.C.S., &c., Killin; the Rev. COLIN F. CAMPBELL of Kilbride, and the Rev. CHARLES STEWART, Kilmorie Arran. 4 RADNOB TERBACE, GLASGOW, June, 1861. 2058000 CONTENTS. Page PREFATORY NOTE, 5 i|u Stair* CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION, .... ..... 11 " II. BARROWS AND CAIRNS, ....... 18 " III. CROMLECHS, .......... 37 IV. STANDING STONES, ........ 42 " V. STONE CIRCLES, ........ -
Open; the Third Door Was Closed, That Subject
The Powvs Review NUMBER SEVENTEEN The Powys Review Editor Belinda Humfrey Reviews Editor Peter Miles Advisory Board Glen Cavaliero Ben Jones Ned Lukacher Correspondence, contributions, and books for review may be addressed to the Editor, Department of English, Saint David's University College, Lampeter, Dyfed, SA48 7ED. Copyright (c), The Editor The Powys Review is published with the financial support of the Welsh Arts Council. We are grateful to Mr Francis Powys and Laurence Pollinger Ltd., for permission to quote from the writings of John Cowper Powys and T. F. Powys, and to the late Mrs Evelyn Elwin for permission to quote from the writings of Llewelyn Powys. The Powys Review may be obtained from Booksellers for £2.50, or from Gomer Press, Llandysul, Dyfed, for £2.50 plus 60p postage. The Powys Review is printed by J. D. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Gomer Press, Llandysul, Dyfed. Enquiries about advertisement in The Powys Review should be made to James Dawson, 99 Corve Street, Ludlow, Shropshire. Tel. Ludlow (0584) 2274. Contents Roland Mathias Reviews John Cowper Powys and 'Wales'. A Limited Study 5 Gillian Clarke Selected Poems Colin Style ANN STEVENSON 63 On Hardy's Sacred Ground: Gwyn A. Williams JohnCowperPowys's Weymouth Sands 27 When was Wales? A History of the Welsh Wynford Vaughan Thomas Peter G. Christensen Wales: A History Middlemarch: A Point of Reference in PAUL BENNETT MORGAN 64 Weymouth Sands 39 John Cowper Powys Margaret Moran Paddock Calls "Premonitory Hints and Embryo ANTHONY HEAD 67 Suggestions in J. C. Powys's Wood and Stone and Rodmoor 48 Valentine Ackland For Sylvia: An Honest Account CLAIRE HARMAN 70 G. -
St Kentigern
St. Kentigern St. Kentigern, was born c. 518. According to the Life of Saint Mungo written by the monk, Jocelin of Furness, in about 1185, Mungo’s mother was Princess Theneva, the daughter of King Loth (Lleuddun), who ruled in the area of, what is today, East Lothian. Theneva became pregnant - accounts vary as to whether she was raped by, or had an illicit relationship with, Owain mab Urien, her cousin, who was King of North Rheged (now part of Galloway). Her father, who was furious at his daughter’s pregnancy outside of marriage, had her thrown from the heights of Traprain Law. Tradition has it that, believing her to be a witch, local people cast her adrift on the River Forth in a coracle without oars, where she drifted upstream before coming ashore at Culross in Fife. It was here that her son, Kentigern, was born. Kentigern was given the name Mungo, meaning something similar to ‘dear one’, by St. Serf, who ran a monastery at Culross, and who took both Theneva and her son into his care. St. Serf went on to supervise Mungo’s upbringing. At the age of 25, Mungo began his missionary work on the banks of the River Clyde, where he built a church close to the Molendinar Burn. The site of his early church formed part of Glasgow Cathedral. Mungo worked on the banks of the River Clyde for 13 years, living an austere monastic life and making many converts by his holy example and preaching. However, a strong anti-Christian movement headed by King Morken of Strathclyde drove him out. -
The Church in Sixteenth-Century Glasgow
Servants to St. Mungo: The Church in Sixteenth-Century Glasgow by Daniel MacLeod A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Daniel MacLeod, May, 2013 ABSTRACT SERVANTS TO ST MUNGO: THE CHURCH IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY GLASGOW Daniel MacLeod Advisors: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. Elizabeth Ewan Dr. Peter Goddard This thesis investigates religious life in Glasgow, Scotland in the sixteenth century. As the first full length study of the town’s Christian community in this period, this thesis makes use of the extant Church documents to examine how Glaswegians experienced Christianity during the century in which religious change was experienced by many communities in Western Europe. This project includes research from both before and after 1560, the year of the Reformation Parliament in Scotland, and therefore eschews traditional divisions used in studies of this kind that tend to view 1560 as a major rupture for Scotland’s religious community. Instead, this study reveals the complex relationships between continuity and change in Glasgow, showing a vibrant Christian community in the early part of the century and a changed but similarly vibrant community at the century’s end. This project attempts to understand Glasgow’s religious community holistically. It investigates the institutional structures of the Church through its priests and bishops as well as the popular devotions of its parishioners. It includes examinations of the sacraments, Church discipline, excommunication and religious ritual, among other Christian phenomena. The dissertation follows many of these elements from their medieval Catholic roots through to their Reformed Protestant derivations in the latter part of the century, showing considerable links between the traditions. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. How to cite: O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. (1980) A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7869/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Deirdre M. O'Sullivan A reassessment of the Early Christian.' Archaeology of Cumbria ABSTRACT This thesis consists of a survey of events and materia culture in Cumbria for the period-between the withdrawal of Roman troops from Britain circa AD ^10, and the Viking settlement in Cumbria in the tenth century. An attempt has been made to view the archaeological data within the broad framework provided by environmental, historical and onomastic studies. Chapters 1-3 assess the current state of knowledge in these fields in Cumbria, and provide an introduction to the archaeological evidence, presented and discussed in Chapters ^--8, and set out in Appendices 5-10. -
Early Arthurian Tradition and the Origins of the Legend
Arthuriana Arthuriana Early Arthurian Tradition and the Origins of the Legend Thomas Green THE LINDES PRESS As with everything, so with this: For Frances and Evie. First published 2009 The Lindes Press Louth, Lincolnshire www.arthuriana.co.uk © Thomas Green, 2009 The right of Thomas Green to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without the permission in writing of the Author. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978 1 4452 2110 6 Contents Preface vii 1 The Historicity and Historicisation of Arthur 1 2 A Bibliographic Guide to the Welsh Arthurian Literature 47 3 A Gazetteer of Arthurian Onomastic and Topographic Folklore 89 4 Lincolnshire and the Arthurian Legend 117 5 Arthur and Jack the Giant-Killer 141 a. Jack & Arthur: An Introduction to Jack the Giant-Killer 143 b. The History of Jack and the Giants (1787) 148 c. The 1711 Text of The History of Jack and the Giants 166 d. Jack the Giant Killer: a c. 1820 Penny Book 177 e. Some Arthurian Giant-Killings 183 6 Miscellaneous Arthuriana 191 a. An Arthurian FAQ: Some Frequently Asked Questions 193 b. The Monstrous Regiment of Arthurs: A Critical Guide 199 c. An Arthurian Reference in Marwnad Gwên? The Manuscript 217 Evidence Examined d. -
Geoffrey of Monmouth's Welsh Sources
Chapter 1 Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Welsh Sources Ben Guy Introduction: Britons, Bretons, and the Unworthy Welsh It has long been recognized that Geoffrey of Monmouth drew on sources origi- nating from the Brittonic-speaking world. This fact is frequently mentioned in scholarly literature, though it is rarely accompanied by detailed supporting evidence. It was, after all, with the Britons, both contemporary and ancient, that Geoffrey was primarily concerned, and it was to the Britons that he looked for source material concerning the history of Britannia.1 One might legitimately ask whether it is possible, or even necessary, to dis- tinguish between sources that originated from different Brittonic-speaking re- gions. It would appear that the three surviving Brittonic languages had not yet become mutually unintelligible by the 12th century. Gerald of Wales comment- ed on this matter in the first recension of his Description of Wales, completed around 1194, some 60 years after the propagation of the De gestis Britonum: Indeed, Cornwall and Brittany use almost the same language, which is, nevertheless, still intelligible to the Welsh in many and almost in all cases, on account of their original relationship. Inasmuch as it is less re- fined and rougher, it is closer to the ancient British language, or so I think myself.2 1 To avoid confusion, I shall continue to employ the adjective “Brittonic” rather than “British” when referring to the medieval and ancient Britons. I avoid the term “Celtic”, which is mean- ingless in this context. 2 Gerald of Wales, The Description of Wales i.6, ed. -
Masculine Identity in Medieval Scotland: Gender, Ethnicity, and Regionality
Masculine Identity in Medieval Scotland: Gender, Ethnicity, and Regionality by Caitlin Taylor Holton A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Caitlin Taylor Holton, May 2017 ABSTRACT Masculine Identity in Medieval Scotland: Gender, Ethnicity, and Regionality Caitlin Taylor Holton Advisor: University of Guelph, 2017 Professor Elizabeth Ewan This dissertation is an investigation of elite men’s identities in later thirteenth- and early fourteenth- century Scotland, particularly as they pertain to categories of gender and ethnicity. During this timeframe, the Scottish kingdom experienced enormous political change, underwent geographic expansion, and, allegedly, a growing sense of ‘Scottishness.’ Beneath all of this, however, complex ethnic identities and attachments shaped the ways men interacted with the gendered expectations of their society. In the ways they acknowledged, refuted, or ignored these expectations, boys and men crafted identities that reflected the multiple, overlapping, and contradictory ideals and values socially inscribed on sexed bodies. In the medieval Scottish kingdom, the masculine identities of political elites, in particular, were created through negotiation between dominant and non-dominant masculinities forms, and were oriented toward and in relation to hegemonic masculinity. The subjects of this study represent the diversity present in the medieval kingdom, including members of the so-called ‘native’ Gaelic elite, more recent immigrants to the ‘feudalized’ heartland of the kingdom, and inhabitants of the western coast whose ancestry incorporated both Gaelic and Norse influences. These men engaged with gendered symbols of power and legitimacy across a variety of different cultures both within and outside the Scottish kingdom. -
Treasury of Druidic Triads
A Treasury of Druidic Triads A Treasury of Druidic Triads: By Dave Corrin ©Dave Corrin and The Druid 3x3, 2010 Edited and produced by Geoff Boswell for The Druid Network, 2010 1 A Treasury of Druidic Triads Dedication: This Lesson on the Sacred Triads was written in dedication to The Druid Network‟s Bobcat (Emma Restall Orr) who is: Peaceful, Knowledgeable, and Wise. Introduction: It is said “Concerning three things that hide: an open bag hides nothing, an open door hides little, and an open person hides something”. This is a triad of course, a Welsh one I believe. This lesson by The Druid 3X3 is lovingly crafted to explore the history of triads, their range of erudition, and more importantly, the lessons they hold for us in modern society. To that end, in expressing his passion so effectively, the author is indeed exposed as an open person who does not hide his love of triads and of the wisdom, strength and understanding they have afforded him. As a glimpse into the world of triads and their uses, this is indeed an open door, and whilst not pretending to be exhaustive, hides little in the way of being a footstep that we can follow if we wish to share in the depth of human expression that they convey. This open bag then hides nothing but carries much. From the authors own insights and interpretations, to creative use of modern triads, into the range of sources and resources we can delve into if we wish to know more, this bag carries us on. -
For the Parishes of Humshaugh with Simonburn & Wark, and Chollerton
The Broadsheet July-August 2013 for the parishes of Humshaugh with Simonburn & Wark, and Chollerton with Birtley, Gunnerton & Thockrington The Revd. Canon Michael Thompson The Revd. Michael J Slade Rector, Humshaugh with Vicar, Chollerton with Birtley, Simonburn & Wark Gunnerton & Thockrington Tel: 01434 681304 Tel: 01434 681721 email: [email protected] email: [email protected] www.humshaughbenefice.org.uk www.chollerton-churches.org.uk Contents Humshaugh Benefice .................................................................................. 3 Michael Thompson’s letter .......................................................................... 3 From our Registers ..................................................................................... 4 Round and about Humshaugh .................................................................... 5 Simonburn notes ........................................................................................ 7 Wark Parish news ....................................................................................... 9 Calendar of Events .................................................................................... 11 Services for July-August 2013 .................................................................. 14 Chollerton Benefice ................................................................................... 16 Mike Slade’s letter .................................................................................... 16 From the Registers in the Chollerton Benefice .........................................