Geoffrey of Monmouth's Welsh Sources
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De Guerreiro a Rei Cristão Nas Fontes Medievais Latinas E Célticas
Brathair 2 (1), 2002: 45-61 ISSN 1519-9053 Artur: De Guerreiro a Rei Cristão nas Fontes Medievais Latinas e Célticas Profa. Ms.Adriana Zierer Doutoranda em História/ UFF [email protected] Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar Artur nas fontes medievais latinas e célticas. É possível perceber que a imagem de guerreiro apresentada por Nennius (c. 800) muda para a de rei cristão a partir da Historia Regum Britanniae (1135-1138), de Geoffrey de Monmouth. Também apresento Artur na literatura céltica (no conto Kuwlch e Olwen), no poema Gododin, de Aneirin (c. 600) e em Preideu Annwvyn (Os Despojos do Outro Mundo), (do século X), sobre uma fracassada viagem de Artur ao Outro Mundo em busca do caldeirão da abundância. Em todas essas narrativas predominam os seguintes aspectos do rei mítico: valentia, generosidade e força, valores estes que continuaram em obras posteriores sobre Artur desenvolvidas na Baixa Idade Média. É também possível perceber que o mito do Graal e sua relação com Artur tem sua origem na literatura céltica. Palavras-chave: Artur, Guerreiro, Rei Cristão Abstract The goal of this paper is to present Arthur in Medieval Latin and Celtic sources. It is possible to perceive that the warrior’s image presented by Nennius (c. 800) changes to the one of a Christian king since Historia Regum Britanniae (1135-1138), by Geoffrey of Monmouth. I also present Arthur in Celtic sources (such as in the tale Kulwch and Olwen), in the poem Gododin, by Aneirin (c. 600) and in Preideu Annwvyn (The Spoils of the Underworld) (10th century), about one failed Arthur’s expedition to the Otherworld in search for the magic cauldron of plenty. -
THE KINGS and QUEENS of BRITAIN, PART I (From Geoffrey of Monmouth’S Historia Regum Britanniae, Tr
THE KINGS AND QUEENS OF BRITAIN, PART I (from Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae, tr. Lewis Thorpe) See also Bill Cooper’s extended version (incorporating details given by Nennius’s history and old Welsh texts, and adding hypothesised dates for each monarch, as explained here). See also the various parallel versions of the Arthurian section. Aeneas │ Ascanius │ Silvius = Lavinia’s niece │ Corineus (in Cornwall) Brutus = Ignoge, dtr of Pandrasus │ ┌─────────────┴─┬───────────────┐ Gwendolen = Locrinus Kamber (in Wales) Albanactus (in Scotland) │ └Habren, by Estrildis Maddan ┌──┴──┐ Mempricius Malin │ Ebraucus │ 30 dtrs and 20 sons incl. Brutus Greenshield └Leil └Rud Hud Hudibras └Bladud │ Leir ┌────────────────┴┬──────────────┐ Goneril Regan Cordelia = Maglaurus of Albany = Henwinus of Cornwall = Aganippus of the Franks │ │ Marganus Cunedagius │ Rivallo ┌──┴──┐ Gurgustius (anon) │ │ Sisillius Jago │ Kimarcus │ Gorboduc = Judon ┌──┴──┐ Ferrex Porrex Cloten of Cornwall┐ Dunvallo Molmutius = Tonuuenna ┌──┴──┐ Belinus Brennius = dtr of Elsingius of Norway Gurguit Barbtruc┘ = dtr of Segnius of the Allobroges └Guithelin = Marcia Sisillius┘ ┌┴────┐ Kinarius Danius = Tanguesteaia Morvidus┘ ┌──────┬────┴─┬──────┬──────┐ Gorbonianus Archgallo Elidurus Ingenius Peredurus │ ┌──┴──┐ │ │ │ (anon) Marganus Enniaunus │ Idvallo Runo Gerennus Catellus┘ Millus┘ Porrex┘ Cherin┘ ┌─────┴─┬───────┐ Fulgenius Edadus Andragius Eliud┘ Cledaucus┘ Clotenus┘ Gurgintius┘ Merianus┘ Bledudo┘ Cap┘ Oenus┘ Sisillius┘ ┌──┴──┐ Bledgabred Archmail └Redon └Redechius -
A Lost Medieval Manuscript from North Wales: Hengwrt 33, the Hanesyn Hên
04 Guy_Studia Celtica 50 06/12/2016 09:34 Page 69 STUDIA CELTICA, L (2016), 69 –105, 10.16922/SC.50.4 A Lost Medieval Manuscript from North Wales: Hengwrt 33, The Hanesyn Hên BEN GUY Cambridge University In 1658, William Maurice made a catalogue of the most important manuscripts in the library of Robert Vaughan of Hengwrt, in which 158 items were listed. 1 Many copies of Maurice’s catalogue exist, deriving from two variant versions, best represented respec - tively by the copies in Aberystwyth, National Library of Wales [= NLW], Wynnstay 10, written by Maurice’s amanuenses in 1671 and annotated by Maurice himself, and in NLW Peniarth 119, written by Edward Lhwyd and his collaborators around 1700. 2 In 1843, Aneirin Owen created a list of those manuscripts in Maurice’s catalogue which he was able to find still present in the Hengwrt (later Peniarth) collection. 3 W. W. E. Wynne later responded by publishing a list, based on Maurice’s catalogue, of the manuscripts which Owen believed to be missing, some of which Wynne was able to identify as extant. 4 Among the manuscripts remaining unidentified was item 33, the manuscript which Edward Lhwyd had called the ‘ Hanesyn Hên ’. 5 The contents list provided by Maurice in his catalogue shows that this manuscript was of considerable interest. 6 The entries for Hengwrt 33 in both Wynnstay 10 and Peniarth 119 are identical in all significant respects. These lists are supplemented by a briefer list compiled by Lhwyd and included elsewhere in Peniarth 119 as part of a document entitled ‘A Catalogue of some MSS. -
The Phoenician Origin of Britons, Scots & Anglo-Saxons (1924
THE PHCENICIAN ORIGIN OF THE BRITONS, SCOTS &: ANGLO-SAXONS WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR. DISCOVERY OF THE LOST PALIBOTHRA OF THE GREEKS. With Plate. and Mape, Bengal Government Press,Calcutta, 1892.. "The discovery of the mightiest city of India clearly shows that Indian antiquarian studies are still in theirinfancy."-Engluhm4P1, Mar.10,1891. THE EXCAVATIONS AT PAUBOTHRA. With Plates, Plansand Maps. Government Press, Calcutta, 19°3. "This interesting ~tory of the discovery of one of the most important sites in Indian history i. [old in CoL. Waddell's RepoIt."-Timo of India, Mar. S, 1904· PLACE, RIVER AND MOUNTAIN NAMES IN THE HIMALAYAS. Asiatic Society, Calcutta, 1892.. THE BUDDHISM OF TIBET. W. H. Alien'" ce., London, 1895. "This is a book which considerably extends the domain of human knowledge."-The Times, Feb, 2.2., 1595. REPORT ON MISSION FOR COLLECTING GRECO-SCYTHIC SCULPTURES IN SWAT VALLEY. Beng. Govt. Pre.. , 1895. AMONG THE HIMALAYAS. Conetable, London, 1899. znd edition, 1900. "Thil is one of the most fascinating books we have ever seen."-DaU! Chro1Jiclt, Jan. 18, 1899. le Adds in pleasant fashion a great deal to our general store of knowledge." Geag"aphical Jau"nAI, 412.,1899. "Onc of the most valuable books that has been written on the Himalayas." Saturday Relliew,4 M.r. 189<}. wn,n TRIBES OF THE BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY. With Plates. Special No. of Asiatic Soc. Journal, Calcutta, 19°°. LHASA AND ITS MYSTERIES. London, 19°5; 3rd edition, Methuen, 1906. " Rich in information and instinct with literary charm. Every page bears witness to first-hand knowledge of the country .. -
Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination
Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900 Silke Stroh northwestern university press evanston, illinois Northwestern University Press www .nupress.northwestern .edu Copyright © 2017 by Northwestern University Press. Published 2017. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data are available from the Library of Congress. Except where otherwise noted, this book is licensed under a Creative Commons At- tribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. In all cases attribution should include the following information: Stroh, Silke. Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination: Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2017. For permissions beyond the scope of this license, visit www.nupress.northwestern.edu An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the open-access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 3 Chapter 1 The Modern Nation- State and Its Others: Civilizing Missions at Home and Abroad, ca. 1600 to 1800 33 Chapter 2 Anglophone Literature of Civilization and the Hybridized Gaelic Subject: Martin Martin’s Travel Writings 77 Chapter 3 The Reemergence of the Primitive Other? Noble Savagery and the Romantic Age 113 Chapter 4 From Flirtations with Romantic Otherness to a More Integrated National Synthesis: “Gentleman Savages” in Walter Scott’s Novel Waverley 141 Chapter 5 Of Celts and Teutons: Racial Biology and Anti- Gaelic Discourse, ca. -
René Galand, the Emsav in a Novel of Yeun Ar Gow
René Galand, The Emsav in a novel of Yeun ar Gow Brittany’s struggle to regain its liberties (the Emsav , in Breton), is a major theme in XXth century Breton literature, as I have had occasion to show in other publications.1 The links between the Emsav and literature can be quite complex: this has been clearly demonstrated notably by Pierrette Kermoal in her study of two works of Roparz Hemon, the poem Gwarizi vras Emer [Emer’s great jealousy] and the novel Mari Vorgan .2 She shows how the Breton nationalist ideal is manifested in the form of two beautiful women whose essence is supernatural, the fairy Fant in the poem, and the mermaid Levenez in dthe novel. P. Kermoal does not mention Donalda Kerlaban, the protagonist of Hemon’s utopian novel An Aotrou Bimbochet e Breizh , but she clearly is another manifestation of the author’s ideal, an incarnation of his country’s revival. Roparz Hemon makes use of the image of a supernatural woman (or of a woman situated outside of time) like the ancient Irish poets who used her as a symbol of Irish sovereignty. 3 In fact, what the critic Youenn Olier wrote about Roparz Hemon might well be applied to many other Breton writers, à l’instar des anciens poètes irlandais qui symbolisaient ainsi la royauté de leur pays. 4 A vrai dire, on pourrait appliquer à bon nombre d’écrivains bretons ce qu’écrivait Youenn Olier à propos de Roparz Hemon :"... e oberenn lennegel a zo bet heklev an Emsav dre vras" [His literary work has largely been an echo of the Emsav ]. -
550 to 559 How Maelgwn Became King After the Taking of the Crown
550 to 559 How Maelgwn Became King After the taking of the crown and sceptre of London from the nation of the Cymry, and their expulsion from Lloegyr, they instituted an enquiry to see who of them should be supreme king. The place they appointed was on the Maelgwn sand at Aber Dyvi; and thereto came the men of Gwynedd, the men of Powys, the men of South Wales, of Reinwg of Morganwg, and of d Seisyllwg. And there Maeldav the elder, the son of Ynhwch Unachen, chief of Moel Esgidion in Meirionydd, placed a chair composed of waxed wings under Maelgwn; so when the tide flowed, no one was able to remain, excepting Maelgwn, because of his chair. And by that means Maelgwn became supreme king, with Aberfraw for his principal court; and the earl of Mathraval, and the earl of Dinevwr, and the earl of Caerllion subject to him; and his word paramount over all; and his law paramount, and he not bound to observe their law. And it was on account of Maeldav the elder, that Penardd acquired its privilege, and to be the eldest chansellor-ship. Caradoc of Llancarfan. The Life of St Gildas Crossing the Channel, he spent seven years most successfully in further studies in Gaul. At the end of the seventh year he returned to Great Britain with a great mass of books of all kinds. As the reputation of this highly distinguished stranger spread, scholars poured in to him from all sides. From him they heard the science of the Seven Disciplines most subtly explained, by which doctrine students change into teachers, under the teacher's honour. -
Early Christian' Archaeology of Cumbria
Durham E-Theses A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. How to cite: O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. (1980) A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7869/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Deirdre M. O'Sullivan A reassessment of the Early Christian.' Archaeology of Cumbria ABSTRACT This thesis consists of a survey of events and materia culture in Cumbria for the period-between the withdrawal of Roman troops from Britain circa AD ^10, and the Viking settlement in Cumbria in the tenth century. An attempt has been made to view the archaeological data within the broad framework provided by environmental, historical and onomastic studies. Chapters 1-3 assess the current state of knowledge in these fields in Cumbria, and provide an introduction to the archaeological evidence, presented and discussed in Chapters ^--8, and set out in Appendices 5-10. -
Invisible Ink: the Recovery and Analysis of a Lost Text from the Black Book of Carmarthen (NLW Peniarth MS 1)
Invisible Ink: The Recovery and Analysis of a Lost Text from the Black Book of Carmarthen (NLW Peniarth MS 1) Introduction In a previous volume of this journal we surveyed a selection of the images and texts which can be recovered from the pages of the Black Book of Carmarthen (NLW Peniarth MS 1) when the manuscript and high-resolution images of it were subject to a series of digital analyses.1 The present discussion focuses on one page of the manuscript, fol. 40v. Although the space was once filled with text dating to just after the compilation of the Black Book, it was obliterated at some stage in the manuscript’s ‘cleansing’.2 In fact, it is possible that this page was erased more than once, and that the shadow of a large initial B which we initially believed to be the start of a second poem is instead evidence of palimpsesting.3 The particular exuberance of the erasure in the bottom quarter of the page may support this view. As it stands, faint traces of lines of text can be seen on the page in its original, digitised and facsimile forms;4 in fact, of these Gwenogvryn Evans’s facsimile preserves the most detail.5 Minims and the occasional complete letter are discernible, but on the whole the page is illegible. Nevertheless, enough of the text of this page is visible for it to feel tantalizingly recoverable, and the purpose of what follows is first to show what can be recovered using modern techniques 1 Williams, ‘The Black Book of Carmarthen: Minding the Gaps’, National Library of Wales Journal 36 (2017), 357–410. -
The Thirteenth Mt Haemus Lecture
THE ORDER OF BARDS OVATES & DRUIDS MOUNT HAEMUS LECTURE FOR THE YEAR 2012 The Thirteenth Mt Haemus Lecture Magical Transformation in the Book of Taliesin and the Spoils of Annwn by Kristoffer Hughes Abstract The central theme within the OBOD Bardic grade expresses the transformation mystery present in the tale of Gwion Bach, who by degrees of elemental initiations and assimilation becomes he with the radiant brow – Taliesin. A further body of work exists in the form of Peniarth Manuscript Number 2, designated as ‘The Book of Taliesin’, inter-textual references within this material connects it to a vast body of work including the ‘Hanes Taliesin’ (the story of the birth of Taliesin) and the Four Branches of the Mabinogi which gives credence to the premise that magical transformation permeates the British/Welsh mythological sagas. This paper will focus on elements of magical transformation in the Book of Taliesin’s most famed mystical poem, ‘The Preideu Annwfyn (The Spoils of Annwn), and its pertinence to modern Druidic practise, to bridge the gulf between academia and the visionary, and to demonstrate the storehouse of wisdom accessible within the Taliesin material. Introduction It is the intention of this paper to examine the magical transformation properties present in the Book of Taliesin and the Preideu Annwfn. By the term ‘Magical Transformation’ I refer to the preternatural accounts of change initiated by magical means that are present within the Taliesin material and pertinent to modern practise and the assumption of various states of being. The transformative qualities of the Hanes Taliesin material is familiar to students of the OBOD, but I suggest that further material can be utilised to enhance the spiritual connection of the student to the source material of the OBOD and other Druidic systems. -
Geoffrey of Monmouth and the English Past
Chapter 3 Geoffrey of Monmouth and the English Past Rebecca Thomas Geoffrey does not grant much space to the English in the De gestis Britonum. In one respect, this is unsurprising: Geoffrey’s history extends back to the origins of the Britons in Troy, spending a significant amount of time in pre-Roman Britain, and as such the English enter the narrative rather late in the day. Even after their arrival, however, the English do not appear in the way which we might expect. The traditional narrative of the development of the English kingdoms, pioneered by sources such as Bede’s Ecclesiastical History and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and accepted and reproduced by many of Geoffrey’s contemporary Anglo-Norman historians, has no place in the DGB. With his strikingly different version of events, Geoffrey certainly cannot be accused of lacking originality in his treatment of English history. The way in which he approached this subject is highly significant not only for our understanding of his attitude toward the English, but also for the composition of the DGB more generally. There was no shortage of contemporary historians writing of the English past, such as Henry of Huntingdon, the first version of whose History of the English, with which Geoffrey was most likely familiar, was completed by 1130. Henry presents us with a conventional account of English history, drawing heavily on Bede and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.1 Hengist and Horsa arrive in Britain in 449, and after recounting their dealings with the Britons, Henry pro- ceeds through the various other Saxon settlers of the 5th and 6th centuries. -
Introduction: the Legend of King Arthur
Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Professor Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 1 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire with the consent of the author. 2 Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Abstract of: “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 The stories of Arthurian literary tradition have provided our modern age with gripping tales of chivalry, adventure, and betrayal. King Arthur remains a hero of legend in the annals of the British Isles. However, one question remains: did King Arthur actually exist? Early medieval historical sources provide clues that have identified various figures that may have been the template for King Arthur. Such candidates such as the second century Roman general Lucius Artorius Castus, the fifth century Breton leader Riothamus, and the sixth century British leader Ambrosius Aurelianus hold high esteem as possible candidates for the historical King Arthur. Through the analysis of original sources and authors such as the Easter Annals, Nennius, Bede, Gildas, and the Annales Cambriae, parallels can be established which connect these historical figures to aspects of the Arthur of literary tradition.