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Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Analysis of Polarimetric Mini-SAR and Mini-RF Datasets for Surface Characterization and Crater Delineation on Moon †
Proceeding Paper Analysis of Polarimetric Mini-SAR and Mini-RF Datasets for Surface Characterization and Crater Delineation on Moon † Himanshu Kumari and Ashutosh Bhardwaj * Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun 248001, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-9410319433 † Presented at the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences, 16–30 November 2020; Available online: https://ecas2020.sciforum.net/. Abstract: The hybrid polarimetric architecture of Mini-SAR and Mini-RF onboard Indian Chan- drayaan-1 and LRO missions were the first to acquire shadowed polar images of the Lunar surface. This study aimed to characterize the surface properties of Lunar polar and non-polar regions con- taining Haworth, Nobile, Gioja, an unnamed crater, Arago, and Moltke craters and delineate the crater boundaries using a newly emerged approach. The Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) data of Chandrayaan-1 was found useful for the detection and extraction of precise boundaries of the cra- ters using the ArcGIS Crater tool. The Stokes child parameters estimated from radar backscatter like the degree of polarization (m), the relative phase (δ), Poincare ellipticity (χ) along with the Circular Polarization Ratio (CPR), and decomposition techniques, were used to study the surface attributes of craters. The Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues used to measure entropy and mean alpha showed distinct types of scattering, thus its comparison with m-δ, m-χ gave a profound conclusion to the lunar surface. The dominance of surface scattering confirmed the roughness of rugged material. The results showed the CPR associated with the presence of water ice as well as a dihedral reflection inside the polar craters. -
August 2017 Posidonius P & Luther
A PUBLICATION OF THE LUNAR SECTION OF THE A.L.P.O. EDITED BY: Wayne Bailey [email protected] 17 Autumn Lane, Sewell, NJ 08080 RECENT BACK ISSUES: http://moon.scopesandscapes.com/tlo_back.html FEATURE OF THE MONTH – AUGUST 2017 POSIDONIUS P & LUTHER Sketch and text by Robert H. Hays, Jr. - Worth, Illinois, USA March 5, 2017 01:28-01:48; UT, 15 cm refl, 170x, seeing 7-8/10. I drew these craters on the evening of March 4/5, 2017 while the moon was hiding some Hyades stars. This area is in northeast Mare Serenitatis west of Posidonius itself. Posidonius P is the largest crater on this sketch. The smaller crater south of P is Posidonius F and Posidonius G is the tiny pit to the north. There is a halo around Posidonius G, but this crater is noticeably north of the halo's center. A very low round swelling is northeast of Posidonius G. Luther is the crater well to the west of Posidonius P. All four of these craters are crisp, symmetric features, differing only in size. There are an assortment of elevations near Luther. The peak Luther alpha is well to the west of Luther, and showed dark shadowing at this time. All of the other features near Luther are more subtle than Luther alpha. One mound is between Luther and Luther alpha. Two more mounds are north of Luther, and a low ridge is just east of this crater. A pair of very low mounds are south of Luther. These are the vaguest features depicted here, and may be too conspicuous on the sketch. -
George P. Merrill Collection, Circa 1800-1930 and Undated
George P. Merrill Collection, circa 1800-1930 and undated Finding aid prepared by Smithsonian Institution Archives Smithsonian Institution Archives Washington, D.C. Contact us at [email protected] Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Historical Note.................................................................................................................. 1 Descriptive Entry.............................................................................................................. 2 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 3 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 4 Series 1: PHOTOGRAPHS, CORRESPONDENCE AND RELATED MATERIAL CONCERNING INDIVIDUAL GEOLOGISTS AND SCIENTISTS, CIRCA 1800-1920................................................................................................................. 4 Series 2: PHOTOGRAPHS OF GROUPS OF GEOLOGISTS, SCIENTISTS AND SMITHSONIAN STAFF, CIRCA 1860-1930........................................................... 30 Series 3: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES (HAYDEN SURVEYS), CIRCA 1871-1877.............................................................................................................. -
Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei -
Lick Observatory Records: Photographs UA.036.Ser.07
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c81z4932 Online items available Lick Observatory Records: Photographs UA.036.Ser.07 Kate Dundon, Alix Norton, Maureen Carey, Christine Turk, Alex Moore University of California, Santa Cruz 2016 1156 High Street Santa Cruz 95064 [email protected] URL: http://guides.library.ucsc.edu/speccoll Lick Observatory Records: UA.036.Ser.07 1 Photographs UA.036.Ser.07 Contributing Institution: University of California, Santa Cruz Title: Lick Observatory Records: Photographs Creator: Lick Observatory Identifier/Call Number: UA.036.Ser.07 Physical Description: 101.62 Linear Feet127 boxes Date (inclusive): circa 1870-2002 Language of Material: English . https://n2t.net/ark:/38305/f19c6wg4 Conditions Governing Access Collection is open for research. Conditions Governing Use Property rights for this collection reside with the University of California. Literary rights, including copyright, are retained by the creators and their heirs. The publication or use of any work protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use for research or educational purposes requires written permission from the copyright owner. Responsibility for obtaining permissions, and for any use rests exclusively with the user. Preferred Citation Lick Observatory Records: Photographs. UA36 Ser.7. Special Collections and Archives, University Library, University of California, Santa Cruz. Alternative Format Available Images from this collection are available through UCSC Library Digital Collections. Historical note These photographs were produced or collected by Lick observatory staff and faculty, as well as UCSC Library personnel. Many of the early photographs of the major instruments and Observatory buildings were taken by Henry E. Matthews, who served as secretary to the Lick Trust during the planning and construction of the Observatory. -
Geologic Formations of Western Oregon
BULLETIN 70 GEOLOGIC fORMATION§ OF WESTERN OREGON WEST OF LONGITUDE 121° 30' STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES 1971 STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES 1069 Stal·e Office Building Portland, Oregon 97201 BULLETIN 70 GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS OF WESTERN OREGON (WEST OF LONGITUDE 12 1 °30') By John D. Beaulieu 1971 GOVERNING BOARD Fayette I. Bristol, Rogue River, Chairman R. W. deWeese, Portland Harold Banta, Baker STATE GEOLOGIST R. E. Corcoran CONTENTS Introduction . Acknowledgements 2 Geologic formations 3 Quadrang I es. 53 Corre I ation charts. 60 Bibliography. 63 ii GE OLOGIC FORMA T IONS OF WESTERN OR EGON (W E ST OF LONG ITUD E 12 1°30') By John D. Beaulieu* INTRODUCTION It is the purpose of th is publi cation to provide a concise , yet comprehensive discussion of the for mations of western Oregon. It is the further aim that the data for each of the formations be as current as possi ble. Consequently, the emphasis has been placed on th e recent literature . Although this paper should not be viewed as a discussion of the historical development of each of the fo rmations, the original reference for each of the units is given . Also, in cases where the historical development of the formation has a direct bearing on present-day problems it is included in the discussion . A wide variety of published literature and unpublished reports , theses, and dissertations was con sul ted and several professional opin ions regarding specific problems were so licited . In recent years re search has been concentrated in the Klamath Mountains and the southern Coast Range and for these regions literature was volumi nous. -
Apollo 15 Index of 70Mm Photographs
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION APOLLO 15 INDEX OF 70 mm PHOTOGRAPHS JANUARY 12, 1972 MAPPING SCIENCES BRANCH EARTH OBSERVATIONS DIVISION SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS DIRECTORATE MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER HOUSTON,TEXAS APOLLO 15 INDEX OF 70mm PHOTOGRAPHS January 12, 1972 Prepared for: Mapping Sciences Branch Earth Observations Division National Aeronautics and Space Administration Manned Spacecraft Center Houston, Texas Scanned and converted to PDF format by Matthew Kay [email protected] May 2002 PREFACE This report was prepared by Lockheed Electronics Company, Inc., Houston Aerospace Systems Division, under Contract NAS 9-12200, Project Work Order 63-0117-5714, and issued at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. The major contributors to this document were R. G. Cook, R. A. Pinter and F. W. Solomon of the Image Analysis Section with the support of personnel of the Mapping Science Department. APOLLO 15 INDEX OF 70 MM PHOTOGRAPHS Prepared By: Lockheed Electronics Company, Inc., HASD Mapping Sciences Department For Mapping Sciences Branch of the Earth Observations Division National Aeronautics and Space Administration Manned Spacecraft Center Houston, Texas Dr. M. C. McEwen Approved By: Head, Lunar Screening & Indexing Group Mapping Sciences Branch/EOD January 12, 1972 Issue Date Apollo 15 Index of 70mm Photographs TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction . 1 Sources of Information . 3 Index by NASA Photo Numbers Magazine QQ, AS15-81-10869 to 11046 . 10 Magazine SS, AS15-82-11047 to 11217 . 22 Magazine MM, AS15-84-11235 to 11352 . 34 Magazine LL, AS15-85-11353 to 11529 . 42 Magazine NN, AS15-86-11530 to 11694 . 54 Magazine KK, AS15-87-11695 to 11860 . -
The Disintegration of the Wolf Creek Meteorite and the Formation of Pecoraite, the Nickel Analog of Clinochrysotile
The Disintegration of the Wolf Creek Meteorite and the Formation of Pecoraite, the Nickel Analog of Clinochrysotile GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 384-C 1 mm ^^ 5 -fc;- Jj. -f->^ -J^' ' _." ^P^-Arvx^B^ »""*- 'S y^'ir'*'*'/?' trK* ^-7 A5*^v;'VvVr*'^**s! ^^^^V'^"^"''"X^^i^^?l^"%^ - ! ^ Pecoraite, Wolf Creek meteorite of Australia. Upper, Pecoraite grains separated by hand picking from crack fillings in the meteorite (X 25). Lower, Pecoraite grains lining the walls of some cracks in the meteorite. The extent of disintegration of the original metal lic phases into new phases, chiefly goethite and maghemite, is apparent (X 2.3). THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE WOLF CREEK METEORITE AND THE FORMATION OF PECORAITE, THE NICKEL ANALOG OF CLINOCHRYSOTILE The Disintegration of the Wolf Creek Meteorite and the Formation of Pecoraite, the Nickel Analog of Clinochrysotile By GEORGE T. FAUST, JOSEPH J. FAHEY, BRIAN H. MASON and EDWARD J. DWORNIK STUDIES OF THE NATURAL PHASES IN THE SYSTEM MgO-SiO2 -H2O AND THE SYSTEMS CONTAINING THE CONGENERS OF MAGNESIUM GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 384-C Origin of pecoraite elucidated through its properties and in terms of the geochemical balance in its desert environment UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1973 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 73-600160 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.30 Stock -
304 Index Index Index
_full_alt_author_running_head (change var. to _alt_author_rh): 0 _full_alt_articletitle_running_head (change var. to _alt_arttitle_rh): 0 _full_article_language: en 304 Index Index Index Adamson, Robert (1821–1848) 158 Astronomische Gesellschaft 216 Akkasbashi, Reza (1843–1889) viiii, ix, 73, Astrolog 72 75-78, 277 Astronomical unit, the 192-94 Airy, George Biddell (1801–1892) 137, 163, 174 Astrophysics xiv, 7, 41, 57, 118, 119, 139, 144, Albedo 129, 132, 134 199, 216, 219 Aldrin, Edwin Buzz (1930) xii, 244, 245, 248, Atlas Photographique de la Lune x, 15, 126, 251, 261 127, 279 Almagestum Novum viii, 44-46, 274 Autotypes 186 Alpha Particle Spectrometer 263 Alpine mountains of Monte Rosa and BAAS “(British Association for the Advance- the Zugspitze, the 163 ment of Science)” 26, 27, 125, 128, 137, Al-Biruni (973–1048) 61 152, 158, 174, 277 Al-Fath Muhammad Sultan, Abu (n.d.) 64 BAAS Lunar Committee 125, 172 Al-Sufi, Abd al-Rahman (903–986) 61, 62 Bahram Mirza (1806–1882) 72 Al-Tusi, Nasir al-Din (1202–1274) 61 Baillaud, Édouard Benjamin (1848–1934) 119 Amateur astronomer xv, 26, 50, 51, 56, 60, Ball, Sir Robert (1840–1913) 147 145, 151 Barlow Lens 195, 203 Amir Kabir (1807–1852) 71 Barnard, Edward Emerson (1857–1923) 136 Amir Nezam Garusi (1820–1900) 87 Barnard Davis, Joseph (1801–1881) 180 Analysis of the Moon’s environment 239 Beamish, Richard (1789–1873) 178-81 Andromeda nebula xii, 208, 220-22 Becker, Ernst (1843–1912) 81 Antoniadi, Eugène M. (1870–1944) 269 Beer, Wilhelm Wolff (1797–1850) ix, 54, 56, Apollo Missions NASA 32, 231, 237, 239, 240, 60, 123, 124, 126, 130, 139, 142, 144, 157, 258, 261, 272 190 Apollo 8 xii, 32, 239-41 Bell Laboratories 270 Apollo 11 xii, 59, 237, 240, 244-46, 248-52, Beg, Ulugh (1394–1449) 63, 64 261, 280 Bergedorf 207 Apollo 13 254 Bergedorfer Spektraldurchmusterung 216 Apollo 14 240, 253-55 Biancani, Giuseppe (n.d.) 40, 274 Apollo 15 255 Biot, Jean Baptiste (1774–1862) 1,8, 9, 121 Apollo 16 240, 255-57 Birt, William R. -
What's Hot on the Moon Tonight?: the Ultimate Guide to Lunar Observing
What’s Hot on the Moon Tonight: The Ultimate Guide to Lunar Observing Copyright © 2015 Andrew Planck All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any written, electronic, recording, or photocopying without written permission of the publisher or author. The exception would be in the case of brief quotations embodied in the critical articles or reviews and pages where permission is specifically granted by the publisher or author. Although every precaution has been taken to verify the accuracy of the information contained herein, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for damages that may result from the use of information contained within. Books may be purchased by contacting the publisher or author through the website below: AndrewPlanck.com Cover and Interior Design: Nick Zelinger (NZ Graphics) Publisher: MoonScape Publishing, LLC Editor: John Maling (Editing By John) Manuscript Consultant: Judith Briles (The Book Shepherd) ISBN: 978-0-9908769-0-8 Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2014918951 1) Science 2) Astronomy 3) Moon Dedicated to my wife, Susan and to my two daughters, Sarah and Stefanie Contents Foreword Acknowledgments How to Use this Guide Map of Major Seas Nightly Guide to Lunar Features DAYS 1 & 2 (T=79°-68° E) DAY 3 (T=59° E) Day 4 (T=45° E) Day 5 (T=24° E.) Day 6 (T=10° E) Day 7 (T=0°) Day 8 (T=12° W) Day 9 (T=21° W) Day 10 (T= 28° W) Day 11 (T=39° W) Day 12 (T=54° W) Day 13 (T=67° W) Day 14 (T=81° W) Day 15 and beyond Day 16 (T=72°) Day 17 (T=60°) FINAL THOUGHTS GLOSSARY Appendix A: Historical Notes Appendix B: Pronunciation Guide About the Author Foreword Andrew Planck first came to my attention when he submitted to Lunar Photo of the Day an image of the lunar crater Pitatus and a photo of a pie he had made.