Module 22 Children of Commercially Sexually
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Module 22 Children of Commercially Sexually Exploited Women Component-I (A) Role Name Affiliation Principal Investigator Dr. Geeta Balakrishnan College of Social Work, Nirmala Niketan, Mumbai Paper Coordinator, if any Dr. John Menachery Matru Sewa Sangh Institute of Social Work, Nagpur Content Writer/Author Ms. Aruna Gajbhiye Tirpude College of Social Work, Nagpur (CW) Content Reviewer (CR) Dr. Helen Joseph College of Social Work, Nirmala Niketan, Mumbai Language Editor (LE) Mr. Elvis Thomas College of Social Work, Nirmala Niketan, Mumbai Component- 1 (B) Items Description of Module Subject Name Social Work Education Paper Name Social Work with Children & Child Protection Module Name/Title Children of Commercially Sexually Exploited Women Module Id SW/SWCCP/22 Pre-requisites (Expected to Understanding of the issues related with commercial sex workers know before learning this Awareness about the living conditions of the areas where sex trade is module) practiced. Knowledge of the work requirements of the commercial sex workers, the time they can give to their children for care and support Understanding the risk factors involved with this trade, and the type and level of exposure these children have in relation to this business. Objectives (of this module) Upon completion of this module a student should be able to understand: Meaning of commercially sexually exploited women. Basic legislation dealing with commercial sex work in India. Special issues pertaining to children of CSEW: Identity housing and security Health education Social and psychological Intervention and rehabilitation Role of organizations working for children of CSEW. Key words Sex worker, Commercially sexually exploited women, Brothel, Red light area, Issues regarding children of CSEW. SWE/SWCCP/CCSEW/M22 by Ms. Aruna Gajbhiye Learning Outcome: This module is titled “Children of Commercially Sexually Exploited Women”. It aims to provide the learner with some basic understanding about the following: a. Who is a Commercially Sexually Exploited Woman? b. Which are the basic legislations dealing with commercial sex trade in India? c. What are the special issues pertaining to children of CSEW, like: Identity issues, Social and psychological issues, Issues related to housing and security, Health issues, Issues related to education, and rehabilitation of children of CSEW. d. Issues related to drugs, sex and other types of abuse. SWE/SWCCP/CCSEW/M22 by Ms. Aruna Gajbhiye Quadrant 1 1. Introduction: The sex trade is growing in India. Women and girls are forced into this trade. One can fiund 10 to 12 year old girls on the streets of Red Light areas, in search of customers. There are girls aged 15 to 16 years with children who are also in the business. One study estimates that around 40% of sex workers are children in the red light areas, and most of them are children of commercial sex workers1. Women and girls involved in this trade get pregnant due to unsafe sex and ignorance about contraceptives and STD’s. Very often they are either forced or lured with extra money to have intercourse without condoms. Child birth may not be a pleasant experience for the girls and women due to the unpleasant circumstances. Commercial sex trade is carried on at various places like brothels, apartments, flats, hotels, bars and restaurants, parks, open places like barren land, riversides etc. Brothel keepers or pimps take custody of the children of these women; this gives them a bargaining chip to make the women work harder and longer hours. Difficult situations start for the children since the time of birth, there is no proper feeding time, lack of attention from the mother, poor and unhygienic living conditions, and use of drugs to make them a sleep. These children are exposed to sex, drugs at a very tender age. The exposure of the human body, fighting for customers, etc. is commonplace. Boys have to engage in the trade as a pimps and girls have to engage as service providers in an age when they are not even aware about their biological identity. Children grow in under these conditions and develop a lot of insecurities in relation to their identities and their existence. Through this module learner can develop the ability to analyse the situation and demands of their work conditions. Learners with understanding can develop the modalities for intervention if required. 2. Definition: Sex Worker: is a person who sells her body for the satisfaction of sexual needs of another person. Commercially Sexually Exploited Women: women who are forced to do sex work, for the profit of others. Children of Commercially sexually Exploited women: For this module we consider all the children whose mothers are engaged in the commercial sex trade by force; whether they are living with their mothers or not, whether they are born from marriage or not, and irrespective of their geographical location, whether they are living in the red light area or in another area which is not declare as a red light area. (for this module hereafter we use the term CSEW for Commercially Sexually Exploited Women) 1 http://www.admcf.org/projects/support-of-children-of-commercial-sex-workers-in-mumbai SWE/SWCCP/CCSEW/M22 by Ms. Aruna Gajbhiye Brothel: “Brothel“ includes any house, room, conveyance or place, or any portion of any house, room, conveyance or place, which is used for purposes of sexual exploitation or abuse, for gain of another person, or for the mutual gain of two or more prostitutes.2 Red Light Area: Red Light Areas are ‘Neighbourhood or part of a neighbourhood where businesses connected to the sex trade are located’.3 3. Situational analysis of the children of CSEW: The life of commercial sex workers is a matter of grave concern. Police keep red light areas under surveillance to prevent human trafficking. Raids are periodically conducted to rescue trafficked women who are locked up in brothels. Health of CSEW is another major area of concern. There are many voluntary organizations working with CSEW. The efforts of these organizations are usually aimed at efforts to improve the living condition of CSEW, providing basic facilities for them, organizing them to fight for their basic human rights and to provide medical help to them to deal with infections and diseases. Many HIV/AIDS prevention activities launched by the government revolve around CSEW. There are several CSEW whose children live with them in the red light areas. Children of commercial sex workers are highly vulnerable to all kinds of hazards. All of them come under the category of ‘Children in Need of Care and Protection’. Physical, emotional, SWE/SWCCP/CCSEW/M22 by Ms. Aruna Gajbhiye Children are exposed to brutality, vulgarity, emotional depravity, abusive language and abusive behaviour and the use of intoxicants all the time. They witness their mothers being beaten up, humiliated, sexually abused and arrested by the police. Such an atmosphere seriously hampers healthy psychological growth and normal personality development. Very little attention is paid to the education of children of CSEW. Many schools are unwilling to admit these children due to the stigma attached to their mothers’ occupation. Many a times, their mothers send them to school so that the mothers can attend to their clients unhindered. And such children do not get any educational support or have a supportive environment for studies back home. All these lead to a high dropout rate. 5.4.6. Exposure to Drugs, Alcohol and Sex Trade: Children are introduced to drugs and alcohol in early childhood. Many a times, their mothers themselves sedate them to keep them asleep during their sex work. As they grow up they watch their mothers using intoxicants and imbibe the habit. Some children are used for child pornography and involved in sex trade directly or indirectly to satisfy the sexual needs of the clients. The writer once visited the red light area at Pune and saw a nine year old boy looking for clients for his 48 year old mother, thus working as her agent while his mother was seated in a corner appreciating the boy’s communication skills in convincing customers. Thus, boys become involved in the sex trade, either directly or indirectly as pimps or as trafficking agents. Besides, youth from red light areas usually lack the qualifications and contacts necessary for securing jobs in any other sector. In case of girl children they are groomed to follow in their mother’s footsteps, having no other option, as they are trained from childhood to entertain clients by serving tea/ cold drinks/ alcohol, cigarettes etc, or by dancing in front of them. 3.1.4. Health Issues: Children of commercial sex workers have unattended health concerns since birth. They are not given preventive inoculation against childhood diseases. Most of them also run the risk of contracting skin diseases, sexually transmitted diseases and even HIV infection from their mother. Lack of nutritional food, improper health care and exposure to unhygienic surroundings, together make them highly vulnerable and cause multiple illnesses in them. As compared to boys, it is observed that girls seem to receive better attention towards health, because the brothel keepers see them as potential CSEW and prefer to invest in the upkeep of their bodies. 4. Efforts to minimize the problems of the children of CSEW. There are two specific laws in the context of commercial sex work (prostitution) in India. The first piece of legislation is ‘The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act’1986. This is an amendment of the ‘Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act (SITA), 1956. The second one is ‘The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2006’. Though the Immoral Traffic Prevention Act; did not ban sex work in India, many of the aspects related with this trade have been criminalised by this Act, like using any premises as a brothel, living on the earning of prostitution, keeping any person in custody for sex work, recruiting, transporting, transferring, harbouring, or receiving a person for the purpose of prostitution; Detaining a person in the premises where prostitution is carried on; Seduction of a person in custody.