Materials Research Department Annual Report 2002

Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 19, 2017 Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Online Research Database In Technology Materials Research Department annual report 2002 Bentzen, Janet Jonna; Lindgård, Per-Anker; Feidenhans'l, Robert Krarup Publication date: 2003 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Bentzen, J. J., Lindgård, P-A., & Feidenhans'l, R. K. (Eds.) (2003). Materials Research Department annual report 2002. (Denmark. Forskningscenter Risoe. Risoe-R; No. 1404(EN)). contents Materials Research Department Introduction 1-3 Annual Report 2002 Scientific work 4-24 Superconductivity and Magnetism 4-7 Fuel Cells and Materials Chemistry 8-11 Nano- and Microstructures in Materials 12-15 Composites and Materials Mechanics 16-19 Metal Structures in Four Dimensions 20-23 23rd Risø International Symposium 24 Finances 25 Staff 26-27 Educational work 28-31 Prizes, awards, and honours 32 Organization of international meetings 32 The Engineering Science Centre 33 Published work 34-40 International Publications 35-37 Risø-R-Reports 38 International and Danish Books and Reports 38-39 Publications in Conference Proceedings 39-40 Patents 40 Membership of Committees 41-43 External Boards and Committees 41-43 Editorial Activities 43 Evaluation Committees 43 Risø National Laboratory May 2003 Risø-R-1404 (EN) abstract Mission Risø’s mission is to promote an innovative and environmentally sustainable Selected activities of the Materials Research Department at Risø Natio- technological development within the areas of energy, industrial technology nal Laboratory during 2002 are described. The scientific work is de- and bioproduction through research, education, innovation and advisory scribed in five chapters and a survey is given of the Department’s edu- services. cational activities along with a list of published work, patents, prizes, organized meetings, and membership of committees. Furthermore, Vision the main figures outlining the funding and expenditures of the De- Risø’s research shall extend the boundaries for the understanding of natu- partment are given and a list of staff members is included. re’s processes and interactions right down to the molecular nanoscale. Risø-R-1404 (EN) The results obtained shall set new trends for the development of sustainable technologies within the fields of energy, industrial technology and bio- Published by the Materials Research Department, technology. Risø National Laboratory, May 2003. The efforts made shall benefit Danish society and lead to the development Editors: Janet J. Bentzen of new large industries. Per-Anker Lindgård Robert Feidenhans´l Risø’s activities in 2002 are reported in the following publications: Risø An- nual Report (available in Danish and English), Risø’s Annual Performance Re- Photos: Michael Daugaard port (Danish) and the annual progress reports of the research departments Christian P. Debel (English). All publications and further information can be obtained from Preben B. Olesen risoe.dk. Printed publications are available from the Information Service De- partment, tel.: +45 4677 4004, e-mail: [email protected], fax: +45 4677 4013. Layout: Pernille Dam · pdsign Printing: Center-Tryk A/S Front cover: TiO2 single crystal grown by the travelling solvent technique in a mirror furnace, see page 4 Back cover: Hill and valley structures developed in nickel/yttria-stabilized zirconia interfaces studied by atomic force microscopy, see page 11 Inside cover: The white poplar avenue at Risø Materials Research Department Risø National Laboratory P.O. Box 49 Frederiksborgvej 399 DK - 4000 Roskilde DENMARK Phone: +45 4677 5700 Fax: +45 4677 5758 E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 87-550-3212-5 ISBN 87-550-3214-1 (internet) ISSN 0106-2840 ISSN 1397-8071 introduction 2002 - A Year of Growth and Expansion Materials research is a key driver for the development of new products and devices. In the Materials Research Department we span areas from strategic long-term basic research all the way to technological development in collaboration with industry. Our focus is on materials for new energy technologies within the production, storage, transport and conservation of energy, but our research also has spin offs in many other fields and applications. Our aim is to perform research of the highest international quality, but also research that is of direct rele- vance and benefit to society. The Department grew significantly larger in 2002 with the re- cruitment of many new employees during the year, especially within our solid oxide fuel cell research programme. The De- partment has about 10% more staff than a year ago. This is of course a very positive sign, but has lead to some difficulties with office and laboratory space. In the coming years we plan to expand even further, in terms of students, especially at the Masters project level. One important event was the transfer of the old physics department – from where it had been located for more than 40 years - into the materials research buildings on the ‘island’, so that nearly all the staff are now located on a common ‘campus’. Another significant event was the expiration at the end of 2002 of the Engineering Science Centre, which had been led successfully by Torben Leffers for 10 years. During its existence the Centre was a major driving force in the initiation of many new projects that today have developed into major activities in their own right. From the first of January 2003 the Department was given a new organizational structure with five new research programmes that provide a better match to the changing conditions in the Danish research system. Although the annual report covers 2002, we felt it natural that the annual report should be organized in themes that reflect the new structure. There have been many scientific highlights in 2002. We have chosen a few to be presented in the annual report to give you a flavour. Furthermore, a number of important milestones were also met in 2002; achievements that are particularly important for the scientific development of the Department. The Department has come a long way. Materials Research Department Annual Report 2002 1 introduction The inauguration of the pre-pilot ment underpins Risø’s role as a national front runner in the ex- plant for manufacturing solid oxide fuel cells ploitation of large-scale facilities for materials science. This facility is one of the corner stones in our fuel cell activities. The pre-pilot plant enables us to manufacture large numbers We are also very pleased that in 2002 prizes and awards ho- of cells for the production of cell stacks, and facilitates cell life- noured employees on the staff. Larry Margulies received the time tests in order to mature the technology. Young Scientist prize at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ESRF for his significant contribution to establishing the The inauguration of the new high 3-dimensional x-ray microscope. Karin Vels Hansen received resolution Jeol transmission electron microscope the A.R. Angelo prize for her interface studies on electrodes in The new transmission electron microscope gives direct insight solid oxide fuel cells. Bachu Singh was appointed to be a mem- into the atomic scale of materials and will enable the Depart- ber of the British EPSRC Peer Review College, and Morten El- ment to be at the forefront in nanoscience and nanotechno- drup was appointed Adjunct Professor in positron chemistry at logy. Lund University. Robert Feidenhans’l The inauguration of the small-angle- neutron-scattering instrument (SANS) The SANS instrument has been transferred from Risø’s DR3 re- actor to the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. The instru- Staff The Department comprises about 155 people, including many students. Out of these, 50 are permanent scientific staff, including 2 research specialists and 4 research or adjunct pro- fessors. There are 30 positions as researchers and post docs on time limited contracts. This gives the Department a very flat age profile. Education The Department is involved in a variety of educational activities. The Department had 27 Ph.D. students, of whom 4 completed their degrees in 2002, and 12 Masters students. Publications The quality of research is measured by the publications. The Department has a good international standing with 114 papers in international journals, including several in the most prestigious journals; and many conference papers, books and reports. 2 Annual Report 2002 Materials Research Department introduction Organizational activities Several staff members are engaged in international and national organizational work for professional societies, conference arrangements, etc.. Economy The turnover of the Department is 116 Mkr. (15.6 M€) out of which 52 Mkr. (7M€) comes directly from Risø, 48 Mkr. (6.4 M€) from programme supported research and 16 Mkr. (2.2 M€) from companies and commercial income. Innovation The Department has a major industrial technology transfer programme with Haldor Top- søe A/S for the development of solid oxide fuel cells. There is a major collaborative effort on materials developments and testing within the Danish windmill industry and many other collaborations on a smaller scale. Structure As of 1st January 2003 the Department is organized into five programmes: Superconductivity and Magnetism headed by Niels Hessel Andersen Fuel Cells and Materials Chemistry headed by Søren Linderoth Nano- and Microstructures in Materials headed by Allan Schrøder Pedersen Composites and Materials Mechanics headed by Povl Brøndsted Metal Structures in Four Dimensions headed by Dorte Juul Jensen Sponsors We thank all our collaborators and sponsors for the support we have received in 2002, in particular the Danish Energy Agency, Elkraft System, Eltra, Haldor Topsøe A/S, the Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Danish Technical Research Council, the Danish Na- tional Research Foundation, Euklid, and the European Commission. Materials Research Department Annual Report 2002 3 scientific work View of the mirror furnace for crystal growth.

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