DOCSLIB.ORG

Special Libraries, October 1917

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Special Libraries, October 1917 San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Special Libraries, 1917 Special Libraries, 1910s 10-1-1917 Special Libraries, October 1917 Special Libraries Association Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1917 Part of the Cataloging and Metadata Commons, Collection Development and Management Commons, Information Literacy Commons, and the Scholarly Communication Commons Recommended Citation Special Libraries Association, "Special Libraries, October 1917" (1917). Special Libraries, 1917. 8. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1917/8 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Libraries, 1910s at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Libraries, 1917 by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Special Libraries A Government System of Filing Commercial Information* By Jay E. Fitegerdd, Chid ol the Editorial Division, Bureau of Foreign :~nd Domcstic Commercc. The .nure:lu of Fore~gnand Doincstic Com- enlire t.i~neto thc coIlcction and publiration or nlerce 1s in m:my respects a, comblnntiou news- infornlation on foreign tmffs and pateills and Papcr ofice and information burenu. With jts tradc-mnrks. In ntlclition, the J3ulcw mnkes corps of rcportcrs in foreign countrics and ~tu use of n lnrgr r~urnl~orof iorcign publications, meLhocl of collcctiug commercial information, including thc official gazettes nntl important you are not, pclhaps, so much interestcd, as in tradc pnpcrs. the system by which this information is hnncllrcl The 1Surca11, as 1 ham statcd, is n combination in the Rureau nncl distributed. HOD-cwr, to publ~shingoffice and information burenu. Its unckrstnncl the 13ureau'g problcms and the greatesl problcm is to get out promptly ihc work it performs, it will be nccessaiy to clcscribe tiniely lnlo~~~~nt,ionthat it rcccirrs. So far ns brlefly its organization. possible illis informnbion is printed so as to There arc thrcc principnl sources from v;hich rccluce as rnuch as porsilJc the amount of tracle information reaches thc Bureau. Thc correspondenre. The pubhcntions inrlurle a first nncl oldcst of these is thc consular servlce, daily paper, Cotrinmcs Rcpo~~ls,which is pcrhsps wliich is uride~the ~mmedistepkdiction of tho the! hest linon~nncl most widely quoted of ~ts Shte Department. There arc about three pul~licntions. Then there we monthly, quartrrly, hundrcd consu1:lr officers and in ndclition to thcse ancl nnuunl statislicnl bulletins, tariff puhlics- many consular agencies. The comm~rc~xlwork tions, and several scrics of nionograpl~scovering of tllcsc officers is only one of the many tlu1ip.s a wde variety of subjects. they arc c~~llcclupon to perform, but tllcrc 1s Cornmci LC Hcporla is H real claily paprr Form- received from them a conbtant stream of reports erly the repork from thc consular olliccrs wcrc dcscrihing co~nnlcrcinl:lnd ~ndustrialcond~tions, issucd none too promptly, two or thrcc n.eclis which, if they arc lo be ol value to tllc busir~cbs perl~npselapsing bctwecn tllc timr of tho rcccipt pul~lic,must, bc ~ssuedsoon aft.er I.llelr rcccipt. of tlie reports and their p~ihlicatio~l.Undcr the Seconrl, are l he com~ncrcid ;agents of thc ~mwnt~system :L rcport corning by cnldc Irom n Bureau of Foreign and Dumbstic Commerw, c~onsularoficclr on Montlny nltcrnoon is prinicd men who arc gcnernlly takcn from artwe work :mcl in the nlaila by Tuertlny nftrrnoon. This in fiomc pn~tlculnrindustry or brnnrh of com- requires mplrl worl<,ns Imhincss inen II:LW :I 15gl1t, mcrce, and who lmkc ~rlvestigntions ol their to expect that. thc rcports ~ssucdby thc Rurt\xu specinl lincs. Xlo~tof their rcports tlrc puls- +hdl lxcorrect ant1 dlthc facts must be 1-1wr.kctl lisllecl in sepmltc bulletms, although ~lcinsof up Thcp wan1 a11 the informatinn possiblr ~mincclintcimportuncc are ~ssucdtl~ro~lgh thc told in lllc femesl worcls, :uld ilicy do not want daily journnl of the Uurenu of Forrign and succeeding issues of Cotnr,tcrcc Hcporls to go Domestic Commercc. over ground that 11ilv :~lrentlyhccn coverrd. Third, tlicrc is thc corps oC conlmerc~alnL- WImt thc I%irenu has termccl it5 "collation tac~has,ten in n~unbel,st:~tioncd at the leud~ng fiIe" clevclopcrl from thr, nretls of thc editors com~ncrcitd ccntcrs of the world ancl worlcing eng~gcdin prrpnr~ngropy for tlils daily paper under tlie ml~nediatedirection of the Depnrt- It was necessary that they hnw re:dily n~ailable xnenl oE Commerce. Th~sis thc lntest rlevelop- n completc record of wllat had r~pprarecl in *lent in Govcrnmentsl :Lgencics lor the pro- C'oin~rzerce Rrporls so that 111 editing a mnnu- nlotion of our commcrcinl intercsts. script rcceivetl an hour or two before it 11nd to Tllr stntistical work 01 tllc Rulenu is a sep:lmtc go to thc printer, tllcy could Iny thcw hands on and. (list~nctdlvieion and to it 1s nssignecl the nll puhl~shedmr~tcrial relaling to thtlt rcport.. duty of comp~lingand issuing statistics of the The edltors neetled not moldy references, such forclgn trncle of t,he United States, thcsc stntistics as merta :~vnild~leto them in thc card 1nt1c.u thnt coming to t.he Bureau from the CusLoms Officcs 11112 Burrr~ulnaints~ns of :dl nrticlcs sppenring under the juristlict,ion of the Trcasury Depnrt- in its pol)licnt~ons,but the reports tlic~m~clr~es. nlent. There is also n divlaion devoting its It was a loss of t~mcto go through thr bulky bound vulu~ncs of ('o~nnwrc~lieports [or ihe * Adclreaa nt the nnnunl meeting of the Spccial Libraries asocintmn, Louavllle, Kentucky, June 23, 1017. articlcs that must be consulted. 116 SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES What a Public Library Cannot Do for the Business Man:" By lilorancc Ppenccr, Sntional City Bnulr, Ncw York. LllaL topic n: Ill(, ?:1mc tilncs. and it 1s I~umrmly ~n~possil~lrto L:LYP tlupliv:~ic~s cnoug11 lo antic4- pnl' my m~tlall c.\~111s nllid~w:1y nrib.rb. It is ~lcrlcclly I I'LIC tli:li ivi:1?c1111 lhc 1111 ('~~PCIICC ~~rt.c.-~aryfor tht~SIICCCSS~II~ JIIIC~~IICFS 1ilr:;uinn ihtw topic*-: uau!J i~otl~c cmvcrtd in ILc in- di-;i(l~::~,lIihry in t i111v 1 o nntwiint (5 I 11c (Ip- m:lntl;., Illit if tlw 11I11:ul:mis ulnl lo tlir rntc-mt? of the Ilousc~:ud nll the intr~c:~rlrsof cw~non~ic I~lc,he ol sh~rm~not fail to 11:1vc ~~wrlczomc kmd of prc~~:xr:~Lionaniicipnt~n:: such n con- ting~ncy. 1 know thnt this cnn bc tlonr :mtl 11ns lwcn provcd ovcr nnd ovcr ng:m in n ~rcnt inony instnnccs In u, vcry prnctical wny, to the o~~l~rc~nt~sf:~ctionol tlic incluircrs~~ho tln~h in tlir 1ihr:~ryfor~nformntion on n topic ~~h~cliit 11nhnc\.- er ot~cuwcrllo llier~lto Le i~~tcinlrtlin l~cfo~c The. .:ccord rcnson, to n1y rrltntl nln~tr::t cqu:~llriitnl, is thtt fwt thnt 11 ~~nulrlIIC inllros- siljlr for +IIP ])tlllli(' II~)I.;VV to cnti~r10 tl~rin- ~lividunlncerls of I~u~intvslio~iscb with that full tlct:!il nc>,wmrj lo r,wh l)rcwi~:~rwyw;ix:ltirr~~. Ihl~om~~n::on th~..point, I n-111 go Ctvtl~cr:lntl hag th~lill n g~t~lt.1n:trly of the s,pcc~:illil)r;u.ics 111c ITKI~~~Ii:il rlrs~rod I-W~P~ 011 tl~,eo~~li~lc~~tid, oit11c.r \\holly so, or to :I ccrtnin tlcprcr, tlnd in othcr instnnccu ll)t,rr III:LY 1)c 110 cniifirltvtinl 1natc1i:il hut tlw c~fliccrsor cmployccs 01 that Ilousc wultl not cnrc to t:tke tllc puld~crnto 118 SPECIAL LIBRARIES I>II<~II~~:wI IVII,~. 33(!Lli 1 1if 111 ldic nnd spcci:~l lit)r:uh fill vnrvllia nc~c~tlsin tho wholc field wl~ic.li c:nnnot A new pul)licution of ~nlcrcstlo I)usil~cssfilms is: "A Directory of i\.l:ding Lists 0bt:~in:~I)loIn ~,amplil(:tForm Tclling J'vT1lcrc to Grf. Them t111cl llicu Co~t,"co~np~ltd hy \\lillinm S Thuml~snn, ])ul)lishcrl by l'utn:nn, 1917. Tl~efirsL p:~rt,is a classified l~stol publicnlions cvmt:~inilig mailing 11sts on valiorls suhjcfts fmn i\dvcl l ising lo Trstilcs. 'J'hc seconcl p:m ~r~tl~scsLhc: lists l)y spccinl s~~hjects. SPECIAL LII3RARIES 110 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Women rnilmny \vorkcrs. Rnilwaymen and cnlktmcnt: Eniplogment of (Traffic world [Ed~torlnl]r. 20: 230; 11~1gust5, women. 1817.) .TIL.. Records-.... ~ of rdwav ~nlcrcstsin thc war, Painting loc:ornot~vcs1)y fern:~lc lohour 11, British. p. 2f-31.~ (Rnilway ggnseite, v 27: 170; August 10, 1917.) Partlv r~prinlctlin Rnilmay ncws, v. 103: Pcmnle mlploymrnt burenu, S1.. Louis 2nd San 56.5: hril 3. 1916. Frnncisco rnilroi~cl. War SPI&C' 161. women on nilw ways. (Rnilwny rcriclr., v. 61: 164; August, 11, 1917.) (Rnilway gnxcttc, 1- 29: 43'3; Xpri! 23, 1013 ) Fclnnlc cmploymcnt on ~llcPennsy1v;~nltl rail- TIN Ur~ghtonrnilwny compnny's tmlning scl~ool ronrl. (.liniln7i1y rcvicw, v. GI: 172; August 11, 1917.) Rallrnt~yrcvlcm [Editorial.] Fcninlr: cmployn:enl. bu~cau,St. Louis-8x11 your ly&agP, ti~r'?" ri~nnso~~scry to 1~'r:mcisc~ornilronrl Engl~shpssscnger now. (Rndw:~y rcvit~m, v. 61. 16'4; August 11, (Xcw York Sun, LInv 16, 1915, p. 7.) 1917 ) Pe~nnlo I)ooliing clerlcs on tllc 1Irlropolitnn St. ~o&&n Francisco cstsbl~sl~csschool lor milnnys. women (Itnilway n(!\\'h, v. 103: 831; May 22, 1916.) (Railnxy ngc gaacttc, v.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TIMELINE of EVENTS March 1917 Tsar Nicholas Abdicates and The
    TIMELINE OF EVENTS March 1917 Tsar Nicholas abdicates and the Provisional Government takes over supported by the Soviet. It now has to deal with all the problems which led to the downfall of the Tsar – the war, food shortages and peasant demands for land…. April 16th 1917 Lenin arrives in Russia. He makes a speech demanding an end to the war with Germany, land for the peasants and nationalisation of banks. He insists that no support be given to the Provisional Government – instead the Soviets (there are Soviets in other cities) should get together and form a new government. These ideas became known as the April Theses. June 1917 The Provisional Government orders the armies to attack Austria. This fails and turns into a retreat. Soldiers began to desert in large numbers. Many go to Petrograd and join the Bolsheviks demanding an end to the Provisional Government July 1917 100000 soldiers and Bolsheviks are out in the streets demanding ‘All power to the Soviets’. These three days of rioting in Petrograd are known as the July Days. Kerensky sends loyal troops into the city to deal with the uprising. He claims the Bolsheviks have been paid by Germany to make trouble and Lenin is a German agent. Lenin has to leave Russia to avoid arrest and goes to Finland. Other leading Bolsheviks are arrested. The Bolsheviks have become unpopular and weak. August 1917 Kerensky become leader of the Provisional Government. He has to deal with a challenge from General Kornilov, Commander in Chief of the army who wants to take control.
    [Show full text]
  • Soldiers' Wives in Russia During 1917
    IRSH 49 (2004), pp. 47–70 DOI: 10.1017/S0020859003001366 # 2004 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Women, Protest, and Revolution: Soldiers’ Wives in Russia During 1917* Sarah Badcock Summary: This study explores the role and political impact of soldiers’ wives in three Volga provinces of Russia: Nizhnii Novgorod, Kazan, and Tambov between February and October 1917. Despite relatively low levels of formal organization, soldiers’ wives made a significant mark on revolutionary politics at a local level. Common grievances, which centred on the inadequacy of state support in the context of rising food prices and shortages, were the defining feature of soldiers’ wives as a group. Though they secured little direct representation in government, and did not affiliate with any political parties, they operated collectively to address their grievances, both in petitions and in public demonstrations. Their demands continued to escalate in 1917, and the government was unable to cushion them from Russia’s profound economic crisis. Soldiers’ wives rejected both Soviet and provisional government leadership as a result, and their alienation contributed to the sense of political crisis that pervaded 1917. INTRODUCTION Soldiers’ wives played one of the most prominent and best-known roles in the February revolution. Their demonstrations in Petrograd alongside other women on International Women’s Day were the spark that lit the conflagration of revolution.1 The toppling of the Tsarist regime in February 1917 heralded an eight-month interregnum, during which the provisional government, a shifting coalition of liberals and moderate socialists, strove above all else to keep Russia in the war, and to avoid the * This paper was first presented at the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies conference, Washington DC, in November 2001, and a subsequent version was presented to the Birmingham University SIPS seminar in March 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • AZERBAIJAN BETWEEN 1918 and 1921 Introduction the Borders Of
    CHAPTER TEN AZERBAIJAN BETWEEN 1918 AND 1921 Introduction Th e borders of Azerbaijan at the moment of the Russian Revolution were similar to those of 1878. Th e First World War had not much eff ect on Azerbaijan, since Muslims did not have to fi ght in the Impe- rial Army, and the First World War had not spread to the territory of Azerbaijan until around 1918.1 Aft er the Russian Revolution part of the Azeri political elite hoped that they could gain more autonomy from Russia. Th ey favored a policy in which nationalism and religion played a role. Another faction however preferred the creation of a Soviet government. From the declaration of independence of Azerbaijan on 27 May 1918 there were two governments in Azerbaijan: a Musavat government in Ganja, which held tight relations with the Ottoman authorities, and a Bolshevik government in Baku, headed by Stepan Shaumian, which favored a good relationship with the central government in Moscow. From 25 April until July 1918 the Baku Commune was a fact. In May elections took place, aft er which the government constituted 8 Bolshevik Ministers, 3 left Socialist Revolutionary Ministers and 1 Hummet Minister. Th e Dashnaks and Right Socialist Revolutionaries refused to accept positions in the government. Shaumian on the other hand wanted these parties to recognize the central Soviet government.2 Ronald Suny provides the composition of the Baku Soviet during mid- April. Th e most important political groups were represented as follows: Bolsheviks 58, Left Socialist Revolutionaries 46, Right Socialist Revolu- tionaries 47, Mensheviks 28, Dashnaks 36, and Musavatists 23.3 1 Th e rulers of the Russian Empire found their Muslim nationals not trustworthy enough, which, in the case of a war between Russia and Turkey, would have been a reasonable argument, since Azeri were pro-Turkish.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Family Correspondence
    TITLE: Rice family correspondence DATE RANGE: 1912-1919 CALL NUMBER: MS 0974 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 2 linear ft. (4 boxes) PROVENANCE: Donated by Hester Rice Clark and Sylvia Rice Hilsinger on May 13, 1980. COPYRIGHT: The Arizona Historical Society owns the copyright to this collection. RESTRICTIONS: This collection is unrestricted. CREDIT LINE: Rice family correspondence, MS 0974, Arizona Historical Society-Tucson PROCESSED BY: Finding aid transcribed by Nancy Siner, November 2015 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: Harvey Clifton Rice was born in Liberal, Kansas on September 1, 1889, to Katherine Lane Rice and Joseph Davenport Rice. He lived with his parents and sister, Sarah, in Tecumseh, Kansas until 1914, when the family moved to Hayden, Arizona. Harvey and his father were employed by the Ray Consolidated Copper Company. Sarah worked as a telephone operator until she married and moved to Humboldt, Arizona in 1916. In Hayden, the Rice family lived in a tent to which they later added rooms. Harvey Rice was drafted into the United States Army in 1917. He was plagued by poor health during his term of service and was discharged on July 27, 1919. Charlotte Abigail Burre was born in Independence, Missouri on December 11, 1888. Her parents, Henry Burre and Mary Catherine Sappenfield Burre, had five other daughters: Hester, Lucy, Henrietta, Martha and George; and three sons: Robert, Carrol and Ed. Charlotte’s father was a carpenter and the family supplemented his income by taking boarders in the home. Charlotte’s brother, Carrol, was drafted and served in France where he was awarded the distinguished Served Cross and the Croix de Guerre.
    [Show full text]
  • BRITISH DIPLOMATIC PERSPECTIVES on the SITUATION in RUSSIA in 1917: an Analysis of the British Foreign Office Correspondence. By
    BRITISH DIPLOMATIC PERSPECTIVES ON THE SITUATION IN RUSSIA IN 1917: An analysis of the British Foreign Office Correspondence. By SALLY A. STOCKSDALE B.A., Stephens College, Columbia, Mo., 1979 B.A., City of London Polytechnic, U.K., 1981 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of History) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA October 1987 ©Sally A. Stocksdale, 1987 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. y Department The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date |^ O^^b f\n DE-6(3/81) i ABSTRACT During the third year of the Great War 1914-1918 Russia experienced the upheaval of revolution, precipitating the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and installation of the Provisional Government in March, and culminating in the Bolshevik takeover of November, 1917. Due to the political, military, and economic chaos which accompanied the revolution Russia was unable to continue the struggle on the eastern front. Russia was not fighting the war against the Central Powers of Germany and Austria- Hungary alone, however, and her threat to capitulate was of the gravest concern to her Allies, Great Britain and France.
    [Show full text]
  • Urbanization and Deurbanization in the Russian Revolution and Civil War Author(S): Diane Koenker Source: the Journal of Modern History, Vol
    Urbanization and Deurbanization in the Russian Revolution and Civil War Author(s): Diane Koenker Source: The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 57, No. 3 (Sep., 1985), pp. 424-450 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1879687 . Accessed: 15/11/2013 09:43 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Modern History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.197.26.12 on Fri, 15 Nov 2013 09:43:54 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Urbanizationand Deurbanizationin the Russian Revolution and Civil War* Diane Koenker Universityof Illinois at tJrbana-Champaign UrbanRussia in 1917 was the crucibleof revolution.The collapse of the tsatist governmentbegan first in the capitalcity of Petrograd;the appeal of the Bolshevikparty among the urbanpopulations of Petrograd,Moscow, and other cities (along with its influenceamong troops at the front) was critical in ensuring the successful seizure of power by the Soviets in October1917. Indeed, the city, and especially its urbanwork force, had long been central to Marxist theorists, who opposed their vision of a proletarianrevolution centered in the city to that of the populists, who believed that rural peasants would provide the spark of revolution in Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • The October Days, 1917: the Story of the Establishment of Soviet Power
    University of Central Florida STARS PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements 1-1-1940 The October days, 1917: The story of the establishment of soviet power Isaak Izrailevich Mints Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Book is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Mints, Isaak Izrailevich, "The October days, 1917: The story of the establishment of soviet power" (1940). PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements. 500. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/500 THE OCTOBER DAYS THE OCTOBER DAYS ;F. THE STORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SOVIET POWER BY 1. MINTZ NEW YORK WORKERS LIBRARY PUBLISHERS - T I - wI" '- CONTENTS Tbe Second Komiw Flot . The New Phase of Struggle . Toward Soviet Power . Preparations for Insurdon . Preparations in the Provinces . , The Internatid Situation . me Revolutionary Military Committee fs Formed The Zinoviev-Kamenev Treachery . - . The Arming of the Workers . The Decisive Hum , . Mnat Smolny . - . Kereasky's Flight . Power Passes to the Soviets . - - . Why the Revolution Was Victorious . - M SEPTEMBER15, rgr7,* the CeotraI Committee of the I Bolshevik Party, the headquarters of which were'then ' in Petrograd, received two letters from Lenin through the 5 usual secret channels. The leader of the RevoIutim, who had been obliged to go into hiding, insisted that the Bolsheviks take state power into their own hands. What were the circumstances that gave rise to this demand? ' What chges in class relationships impelled the Bolsheviks to raise the question of capturing power at that particular i The Kordov revolt in August, 1917, had ken suppressed, and General Kornilov himself with his conf&&erals .
    [Show full text]
  • Lack of Soldier Unity in Revolutionary Efforts in October and November 1917
    Botvinnik 1 Lack of Soldier Unity in Revolutionary Efforts in October and November 1917 By Olga Botvinnik By October 1917, radical socialist forces in Russia had developed to almost their peak strength, teetering on revolution. While most revolutionary demonstrations and protests were concentrated in cities well within Russian borders, the soldiers of the World War I Eastern front joined in the rebellion. They played a key role in disrupting Provisional Government resistances, such as the Kornilov Affair against the leaders of the revolution, the Bolsheviks. Russian soldiers wholeheartedly supported the Bolshevik revolutionary movement, though specific strategies of endorsing the movement varied across the armed forces. All soldiers wanted to end the war quickly and peacefully: some resisted the interim Provisional Government by befriending German soldiers, while others wanted to egress the battleground by any means necessary and constantly defied orders. There were two key instigators of soldier disobedience that decreased soldiers’ respect in Army officers. The first, Order No. 1 (March 1917),1 allowed soldiers to address their superiors without honorifics, which demolished the hierarchy present between officers and soldiers. The second was Commander-in-Chief Mikhail Kerensky’s miserable military gamble (July 1917)2 where he tried to mitigate soldier discontent by mounting a risky campaign against the Germans. While he was an excellent orator, able to impress many soldiers with the phrase “Forward to 1 “Order No. 1” (March 1, 1917), Johnathan Daly and Leonid Trofimov, Russia in War and Revolution, 1914-1922: A Documentary History, 2009, doc. 18, p. 48. 2 Michael Kort, The Soviet Colossus: History and Aftermath, 2006, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Revolution: Soviet Propaganda Posters from Between the World Wars September 24, 2017–February 11, 2018
    Constructing Revolution: Soviet Propaganda Posters from between the World Wars September 24, 2017–February 11, 2018 Bowdoin College Museum of Art OSHER GALLERY Constructing Revolution: Soviet Propaganda Posters from between the World Wars Constructing Revolution explores the remarkable and wide-ranging body of propaganda posters as an artistic consequence of the 1917 Russian Revolution. Marking its centennial, this exhibition delves into a relatively short-lived era of unprecedented experimentation and utopian idealism, which produced some of the most iconic images in the history of graphic design. The eruption of the First World War, the Russian revolutions of 1905 and 1917, and the subsequent civil war broke down established political and social structures and brought an end to the Tsarist Empire. Russia was split into antagonistic worlds: the Bolsheviks and the enemy, the proletariat and the exploiters, the collective and the private, the future and the past. The deft manipulation of public opinion was integral to the violent class struggle. Having seized power in 1917, the Bolsheviks immediately recognized posters as a critical means to tout the Revolution’s triumph and ensure its spread. Posters supplied the new iconography, converting Communist aspirations into readily accessible, urgent, public art. This exhibition surveys genres and methods of early Soviet poster design and introduces the most prominent artists of the movement. Reflecting the turbulent and ultimately tragic history of Russia in the 1920s and 1930s, it charts the formative decades of the USSR and demonstrates the tight bond between Soviet art and ideology. All works in this exhibition are generously lent by Svetlana and Eric Silverman ’85, P’19.
    [Show full text]
  • Strength of Bolsheviks/Weakness of Provisional Government/War What
    Source What reason does it give? What evidence does it use? Use Do you agree or disagree? How trustworthy is this Strength of quotes Explain why this meant source? 10 very Bolsheviks/Weakness of success for the revolution trustworthy, 1 not at all Provisional Government/War Source A: An extract from the diary of P. Sorokin, a Socialist Source B: A. J. P. Taylor, a British historian, writing in his book Revolutions Revolutionary describing the Bolshevik attack on the and Revolutionaries, published in 1980 Provisional Government on 25 October 1917. The diary was published in 1920. The Provisional Government had shrunk to a meeting of ministers in the Winter Palace. It was not overthrown by a mess attack on the Winter I learned that the Bolsheviks had brought up the warship Palace. A few Red Guards climbed in through the servants’ entrance, Aurora and had opened fire on the Winter Palace, demanding found the Provisional Government in a meeting and arrested the ministers the surrender of the members of the Provisional Government in the name of the people. Six people, five of them Red Guards, were barricaded there…There was a team of women and young casualties of bad shooting by their comrades. military trainees bravely resisting an overwhelming force of Bolshevik troops…Poor women, poor lads, their situation was desperate, for we knew the wild sailors would tear them to pieces. Source C: BBC Bitesize account of the October Revolution. In April 1917 the German government helps the Bolshevik leader Lenin return 2019. to Russia. He publishes the 'April Theses', offering people: 'Peace, bread, land', and proclaims: ‘All power to the Soviets'.
    [Show full text]
  • Worker Support for the Bolshevik's October Revolution
    Derek Ju Worker Support for the Bolshevik’s October Revolution The revolution that took place in February of 1917 deposed a tsarist regime and began Russia’s road towards a socialist state. Yet during this time the Bolshevik party exerted very little power and influence in the country. However, by late October of the same year, under chants of “All Power to the Soviets,” the Bolsheviks were successful in wresting control of the Russian government. The rise of the Bolshevik party was buoyed by the support they generated among many of the proletariat, who supported them for political, economic, and social reasons. Worker radicalism and support for a socialist revolution reached a crescendo in the months preceding the October Revolution of 1917, although there still existed worker factions that were staunchly anti-Bolshevik before and after the revolution. Primary documents, such as worker resolutions and first hand accounts, can shed light on the internal and external forces that influenced the various working class groups during October and November of 1917. In October of 1917 the majority consensus among workers was that the Provisional Government was ineffective, and political change was needed to improve the increasingly dire situation in urban Russia. By October 25 th in Moscow alone, thirty-eight plants representing 54,000 workers had already written resolutions calling for transferring all power to the soviets.1 Serving as a snapshot of the workers’ revolutionary desires, the workers of the Putilov metalworking plant published a resolution on October 24 th signaling their approval of the Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC).2 The MRC, created by the Bolshevik-dominated Petrograd Soviet, was organized for “the protection of the city” due to a 1 Koenker, Diane.
    [Show full text]
  • (WWI 1) [World War I]
    Military Collection State Archives of North Carolina North Carolina Council of Defense Records (WWI 1) [World War I] Collection Number: WWI 1 Title: North Carolina Council of Defense Records Dates: 1916-1921, 1928-1930, 1932-1933 (bulk 1917-1920) Creator: North Carolina Council of Defense; Council of National Defense; Joseph Hyde Pratt; and various others. Abstract The North Carolina Council of Defense Records is composed of the original correspondence, subject files, financial records, organizational records, and operational materials created and utilized by the North Carolina Council of Defense from its formation on May 31, 1917, through the completion of an unpublished history of the Council by one of its members in 1932. The materials document the operations and war-time resources management of North Carolina, as well as of the county Councils of Defense in North Carolina. Correspondence from citizens and county officials regarding various war-time issues are represented in the collection. The collection also contains information, records, posters, and reports from other states’ Councils of Defense; and training, promotional, and public awareness materials from the Council of National Defense. Overall, the collection documents the status of North Carolina’s resources, government, and citizens throughout World War I. The records in this collection were accumulated from 1917 to 1933 by members of the state and county Councils of Defense, and deposited with the North Carolina Historical Commission by 1933. Physical Description: Approximately 11.75 linear feet Language(s): English; French; German; Italian Repository: State Archives of North Carolina, 4614 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, N.C. 27699- 4614 Restrictions on Access: There are no restrictions on accessing this collection.
    [Show full text]