DOCSLIB.ORG

Unravelling the Grid Bringing Wind Power to the Consumers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Unravelling the Grid Bringing Wind Power to the Consumers T h e e u r o p e a n w i n d i n d u s T r y m a g a z i n e November 2010 Volume 29/No 5 i nTerview Unravelling the grid Ti NA BirBili Greek Energy Minister Bringing wind power to the consumers REACTORS MINING FRONT END BACK END RENEWABLE ENERGIES & SERVICES Wind power Designed for offshore AREVA is fast becoming a global reference in renewable energies with a rich portfolio of four technologies: wind, bioenergy, solar, hydrogen and energy storage solutions. Copyright : AREVA Multibrid : AREVA Copyright - iStock : - June 2010 Design and production In wind, AREVA designs, manufactures, assembles and commissions 5 MW high-output turbines specifically for the offshore market. Proven know-how in rotor blade design and manufacturing enables fast ramp-up of this key component. 250 AREVA M5000 turbines have been selected for use in European offshore wind parks. Most recently, the group installed and commissioned Alpha Ventus, Germany’s first offshore wind park. Energy is our future, don’t waste it! - © AREVA RENEWABLES Tour AREVA 1, place Jean Millier 92084 Paris La Défense cedex - France Phone: 33 (0)1 34 96 30 00 Fax: 33 (0)1 34 96 34 47 www.areva.com | contents | THE EUROPEAN WIND INDUSTRY MAGAZINE November 2010 Volume 29/No 5 letter from the editor 5 For a greater grid brussels briefi ng 6 The latest EU news country focus 9 A closer look at Croatia interview 11 Tina Birbili, Greek Energy Minister wind news 14 site visit 18 Scaling the heights of technology feature 21 A question of supply guest columnist 27 A change of mind wind bites & wind dates 29 focus 30 The grid that never sleeps Powering Europe: EWEA’s new grids report How does the grid work? Dr Klaus Rave on a citizens’ electricity network mini focus 42 The wind star state technology corner 46 Larger turbines: bigger and better? wind energy basics 48 Is wind energy competitive? run-up to COP16 51 “That was then; this is now”: the climate change hiatus Wind Directions is published fi ve times a year. EWEA news 52 The contents do not necessarily refl ect the views and policy of EWEA. EWEA welcomes new members 55 Publisher: Christian Kjaer Editor: Sarah Azau the last word 58 Writers: Sarah Azau, Chris Rose, Crispin Aubrey, Elke Zander, Bicycles, bands and bad guys Zoë Casey Design & production: www.inextremis.be Cover photo: Stiftung Offshore Windenergie Cert no. SGS-COC-006375 WIND DIRECTIONS | November 2010 3 You ask: We answer: “Can we generate 20 % more “Yes, if we make it power from a wind turbine?” 40 metres higher.” WE GIVE THE WIND 20 % MORE POWER – IF YOU WANT. Our new wind turbine in Hamburg is 40 metres higher than conventional ones. Since wind speed increases with every extra metre of height, this means 20 % more power. This 190-metre turbine is the highest of its kind anywhere in the world. 2,500 households are now benefi tting from clean, green power, and CO2 emissions have been cut by 3,100 tonnes a year. Is there anything we can develop for you? www.nordex-online.com B_91_538_AZ_Nordex_HH_A4_GB.indd 1 15.10.2010 12:54:24 Uhr | letter from the editor | By Sarah Azau For a greater grid Editor want you to imagine for a minute you are walk- Bits and pieces I ing on top of a cliff overlooking the North Sea. It is easy to think of a wind turbine as an The wind is so strong you can lean your whole object in itself, but it is of course made up body into it. Below, almighty waves, swept up in of different bits, or components, which each the gale, are crashing into the rocks. have to be manufactured and rigorously Now imagine you are in Spain, or perhaps Italy tested. This was brought home when I visited or Portugal. The sun is soaking into your skin. the Technology R&D headquarters of Vestas The sky dazzles with the intense southern light in Denmark in September and found out a that bounces glaringly off buildings and cars. little bit about the complex procedures that With such immense renewable sources of frame every stage of the design, building power to hand, it seems incredible that Europe and monitoring of every turbine (p. 18). is still forking out for fossil fuel imports. It is as Chris, meanwhile, was exploring how those though a farmer with a huge and fertile orchard components come together: who provides were paying an unreliable neighbour for fruit while the materials? How is it coordinated? What his own rotted in his back garden. materials make a turbine a turbine? His article The analogy is of course not quite accurate – on the supply chain is on p. 21. Europe is developing its renewables and fast, with Aside from all of this, we have an exclusive wind leading the fi eld for new power installations interview with the Greek energy minister Tina two years running. But if the abundant winds Birbili on p. 11, an exclusive extract from and the sunshine with which Europe is blessed a speech on grids by Dr Klaus Rave from are not connected to those who need the power Investitionsbank Schleswig-Holstein, the they provide – the electricity consumers – we will Technology Corner exploring larger turbines, remain dependent on polluting and expensive fuel and the usual other sections including the imports from outside. Country Focus, Wind Energy Basics, Brussels The grids question – and more specifi cally, the Briefi ng, Wind News and EWEA News, not to idea of a supergrid, laid over Europe’s current power mention articles from external contributors networks and stretching out into the seas and pos- Rolf De Vos and Mark Edwards. sibly the deserts of northern Africa – is discussed And as you read, perhaps by electric light, in this Wind Directions on p. 30. It is also the focus or on a computer screen, remember the of EWEA’s GRIDS 2010 event, being held from silent work of the grids that transported that 23-24 November in Berlin, and of our latest report: power to you. Often overlooked, grids are ‘Powering Europe: wind energy and the electricity fast becoming the key issue on which the grid’, which will be launched at GRIDS 2010. further development and use of wind energy Further away, but no less drenched in sunshine in Europe depends. We must ensure they and swept by the wind is the state of Texas, which are modernised and extended to guarantee has seized the lead in wind energy in the US, a secure, cost-effi cient and renewable-based reaching 9,410 MW of cumulative installed capac- energy future. ity by the end of 2009. Chris Rose travelled to More information on GRIDS 2010: Texas for Wind Directions to fi nd out more – read www.ewea.org/grids2010 ■ all about it on p. 42. WIND DIRECTIONS | November 2010 5 | brussels briefi ng | EU energy policy must be “bolder, more effective and more ambitious” says Commissioner n a speech on the preparation of the in low-carbon energy so we can look IEU energy strategy 2011-2020, EU forward to a real energy revolution”, and Energy Commission Günther Oettinger to develop “large-scale production of stressed the need to take “urgent and renewables”. ambitious actions today” to be ready for Developing the power networks is a “low-carbon, effi cient and democratic key to this, said the Commissioner. We Photo: C-Power energy future”. must “completely renew our electricity One of the guiding principles of the networks to cope with a much larger energy policy should be the vision of a renewable production”, he said, and EU energy largely decarbonised economy by 2050, cited the need for “pan-European” energy he said, also warning that Europe risked infrastructure. ministers: grid losing its renewables leadership to the Commissioner Oettinger concluded US and China if action is not taken. his speech by announcing that a consul- interconnections Oettinger stated that he wants to tation on a 2050 Energy Roadmap would must be sped up “improve conditions for investments be opened in November. rid projects of “European interest” Gshould automatically receive the New environment information tool for fastest possible realisation in each individual Member State, the Energy EWEA members Ministers proposed at a recent informal meeting. Having agreed on the need to improve interconnections to integrate the energy market properly, and shore up the EU’s energy supply, ministers stated that in many Member States there are severe delays for building energy transmission and distribution infrastructure. These de- lays could be reduced by putting projects considered to be of European interest into a fast track system. Ministers also agreed that the market should fi nance energy infrastructure projects, and that this should be made easier by simplifying the administra- tive procedures. One suggestion from the European Investment Bank was to support high risk energy infrastructure Photo: iStockphoto projects by a customised European fi nancing mechanism. “The energy ministers have correctly identifi ed the importance of improving eed to read the latest fi ndings on wind various potential impacts of wind energy, grid interconnections for an integrated Npower and bats? Want to show how both onshore and offshore. Browse energy market with more renewable wind turbine noise has changed over time? by category – birds, bats, marine life, energy”, said Justin Wilkes, EWEA’s All major studies on wind energy and landscape issues, light effects, noise, Policy Director. “Simplifying the red tape the environment can now be found on electromagnetic disturbance, and various involved will allow this to happen rapidly EWEA’s newly launched Environmental safety issues - search for the main docu- and help ensure the EU meets its renew- Impacts Information Tool (EIIT), exclusive- ments or look for the leading experts on able energy targets by 2020.” ly available for EWEA members.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2014 and 2015 Q1 EIA-923 Monthly Time Series File
    SPREADSHEET PREPARED BY WINDACTION.ORG Based on U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2014 and 2015 Q1 EIA-923 Monthly Time Series File Q1'2015 Q1'2014 State MW CF CF Arizona 227 15.8% 21.0% California 5,182 13.2% 19.8% Colorado 2,299 36.4% 40.9% Hawaii 171 21.0% 18.3% Iowa 4,977 40.8% 44.4% Idaho 532 28.3% 42.0% Illinois 3,524 38.0% 42.3% Indiana 1,537 32.6% 29.8% Kansas 2,898 41.0% 46.5% Massachusetts 29 41.7% 52.4% Maryland 120 38.6% 37.6% Maine 401 40.1% 36.3% Michigan 1,374 37.9% 36.7% Minnesota 2,440 42.4% 45.5% Missouri 454 29.3% 35.5% Montana 605 46.4% 43.5% North Dakota 1,767 42.8% 49.8% Nebraska 518 49.4% 53.2% New Hampshire 147 36.7% 34.6% New Mexico 773 23.1% 40.8% Nevada 152 22.1% 22.0% New York 1,712 33.5% 32.8% Ohio 403 37.6% 41.7% Oklahoma 3,158 36.2% 45.1% Oregon 3,044 15.3% 23.7% Pennsylvania 1,278 39.2% 40.0% South Dakota 779 47.4% 50.4% Tennessee 29 22.2% 26.4% Texas 12,308 27.5% 37.7% Utah 306 16.5% 24.2% Vermont 109 39.1% 33.1% Washington 2,724 20.6% 29.5% Wisconsin 608 33.4% 38.7% West Virginia 583 37.8% 38.0% Wyoming 1,340 39.3% 52.2% Total 58,507 31.6% 37.7% SPREADSHEET PREPARED BY WINDACTION.ORG Based on U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Sb 16 Mu Center for Business & Economic Research
    EVALUATION OF SB 16 MU CENTER FOR BUSINESS & ECONOMIC RESEARCH October 2017 Evaluation of SB 16 i EVALUATION OF SB 16 MU CENTER FOR BUSINESS & ECONOMIC RESEARCH Evaluation of SB 16 FINAL REPORT October 19, 2017 Christine Risch, MS Director of Resource & Energy Economics Calvin Kent, PhD Professor Emeritus Center for Business & Economic Research Marshall University Contact: [email protected] OR (304-696-5754) ii EVALUATION OF SB 16 MU CENTER FOR BUSINESS & ECONOMIC RESEARCH Executive Summary West Virginia Senate Bill 16, introduced in the 2017 regular legislative session would repeal 11-6A-5a of the West Virginia Code related to wind power projects. The current Code grants pollution control property tax treatment to wind turbines and towers. For property taxation, assessment of the covered facilities is based on salvage value which the statute defines as five percent (5%) of original cost. Senate Bill 16 would repeal this status for existing and future wind facilities without a grandfathering provision for either operating wind projects, or those currently under development. • Passage of SB 16 would amount to an increase in the property taxes levied on wind facilities from $2.7 million to $11.9 million, a factor of 4.4. To the industry, this would be an average increase in operating costs of 34 percent. • While it is uncertain what the impact of this policy change would be on future wind development in the State or on the probability that other industries will choose to invest here, one wind developer stopped development on two early-stage projects in West Virginia because of SB 16.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Uses the Land?
    National Park Service Bering Land Bridge US Department of the Interior Lesson Plan Who Uses the Land? The Seward Peninsula has been used for over 10,000 years. The earliest evidence of usage harkens back to Grade Level: Sixth Grade- the Bering Land Bridge, when the earliest inhabitants Eleventh Grade of this continent crossed over from Asia. This land Grade Subjects: American Indian use continues up to today, with many different groups History and Culture, Community, competing for rights to use the land. The various Government, Historic Preservation, types of usage have not always been beneficial. History, Planning/Development, Public Policy, Regional Studies, Objective Westward Expansion The students will engage in research to learn how the local environment has been used throughout history. Duration: 30-60 minutes Background Group Size: Up to 24 For background information on land use history in Alaska, visit Standards: (8) SA3.1, AH. PPE3, the following websites: AH. CC6 • Alaska history: http://www.akhistorycourse.org/articles/ Vocabulary article.php?artID=138 Land use • Native Alaskan History wiki: http://wiki.bssd.org/index. ANCSA php/Native_Alaskan_history Native corporations • ANCSA info for Elementary School age: http://www. alaskool.org/projects/ancsa/elem_ed/elem_ancsa.htm • Inuit History in Alaska: http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Ha-La/Inuit.html • History of Northwest Alaska: http://www.akhistorycourse.org/articles/article.php?artID=75 Introduction: • Point to a couple of places on a map of the United States. Picking Texas or Florida may prove to be good starting points. • Ask the students how those lands are used today? Some potential answers may include fishing, tourism and orchards for Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • SYSTEMS Giving Wind Direction MAGAZINE
    WIND SYSTEMS WIND Giving Wind Direction MAGAZINE SYSTEMS Construction • Company Profile: CONSTRUCTION Crane Service, Inc. • UMaine-Led Offshore Wind Project Receives Additional $3.7 Million from DOE » Composite Electroless Nickel Coatings for the Wind Energy Industry Varieties and Performance Advantages page 30 » Condition Monitoring Does DECEMBER 2015 DECEMBER Not Need To Be Overwhelming page 34 DECEMBER 2015 NO ONE UNDERSTANDS THE SUBTLE NUANCES OF WIND ENERGY LIKE WE DO. Whether you’re acquiring, developing, or building and operating wind projects, we can help you achieve success at every stage of the process. See the Droel difference at droellaw.com. HOURS OF DOMINANCE AMSOIL products are installed in more than 10,000 MW class wind turbines in North America. Running more than 7 years strong on our original formula. OUR COMPETITION KNOWS ABOUT AMSOIL. DO YOU? Bringing a better product to the wind market since 2008. Come see why more and more wind farms are switching to AMSOIL. www.amsoilwind.com The AMSOIL Wind Group 715-399-6305 inFOCUS: CONSTRUCTION DECEMBER 2015 16 UMaine-Led Offshore Wind ALSO IN inFOCUS Project Receives Additional $3.7 Million from DOE 22 Profile: Crane Service, Inc. 28 Conversation: 18 Siemens Reduces Transport Costs for Offshore Rob Lee Wind Turbines by Up to 20 Percent Wanzek Construction, Inc. 2 DECEMBER | 2015 inFOCUS: CONSTRUCTION DECEMBER 2015 TORK ELECTRONIC DIGITAL CONTROLLED S O L UTI O N S A V A I L A B L E TORQUE TECHNOLOGY . DIGITAL TORQUE CONTROL THAT WORX FOR YOUR MAINTENANCES The leading electronic torque control system in ERAD electronic torque control sys- All RAD torque guns are designed to the Wind Industry assembled for your WTG.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Natural Gas in a Low-Carbon Energy Economy
    Briefing Paper The Role of Natural Gas in a Low-Carbon Energy Economy Christopher Flavin Saya Kitasei April 2010 Natural Gas and Sustainable Energy Initiative The Role of Natural Gas in a Low-Carbon Energy Economy* Christopher Flavin and Saya Kitasei Executive Summary Growing estimates of natural gas resources, including a new category of ―unconventional‖ gas, suggest that accessible supplies of this least carbon-intensive of the fossil fuels may be far more abundant than previously assumed. This unexpected development creates opportunities for deploying natural gas in a variety of sectors—including power generation, industry, and transportation—to help displace oil and coal, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality. Beyond providing a cleaner, market-ready alternative to oil and coal, natural gas can facilitate the systemic changes that will underpin the development of a more energy-efficient and renewable energy-based economy. For example, smaller, distributed generators, many producing usable heat as well as electricity, could generate economical, low-emission replacements for a large fraction of currently operating conventional power plants, providing flexible back-up to the variable output of the solar and wind generators that will comprise a growing share of the electric power system. All of these gains are contingent on the development of sound public policy to incentivize and guide the transition. Critical policy decisions that are now pending include: electric power regulation at the local, state, and federal levels; effective federal and state oversight of the natural gas exploration and extraction process; future Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory decisions under the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Powering America Fy08 Activities Summary
    WIND POWERING AMERICA FY08 ACTIVITIES SUMMARY Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Dear Wind Powering America Colleague, We are pleased to present the Wind Powering America FY08 Activities Summary, which reflects the accomplishments of our state Wind Working Groups, our programs at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and our partner organizations. The national WPA team remains a leading force for moving wind energy forward in the United States. At the beginning of 2008, there were more than 16,500 megawatts (MW) of wind power installed across the United States, with an additional 7,000 MW projected by year end, bringing the U.S. installed capacity to more than 23,000 MW by the end of 2008. When our partnership was launched in 2000, there were 2,500 MW of installed wind capacity in the United States. At that time, only four states had more than 100 MW of installed wind capacity. Twenty-two states now have more than 100 MW installed, compared to 17 at the end of 2007. We anticipate that four or five additional states will join the 100-MW club in 2009, and by the end of the decade, more than 30 states will have passed the 100-MW milestone. WPA celebrates the 100-MW milestones because the first 100 megawatts are always the most difficult and lead to significant experience, recognition of the wind energy’s benefits, and expansion of the vision of a more economically and environmentally secure and sustainable future. Of course, the 20% Wind Energy by 2030 report (developed by AWEA, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and other stakeholders) indicates that 44 states may be in the 100-MW club by 2030, and 33 states will have more than 1,000 MW installed (at the end of 2008, there were six states in that category).
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Energy Institute 2008
    UTCLE THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF LAW WIND ENERGY INSTITUTE 2008 THE PREMIER GATHERING OF KEY PARTICIPANTS IN TEXAS WIND DEVELOPMENT Tuesday, February 19 – Wednesday, February 20, 2008 Austin Convention Center • Austin, Texas PLATINUM SPONSORS FPL Energy, LLC Invenergy LLC RES Americas GOLD SPONSORS AES Wind Generation • Airtricity Inc. • Siemens Power Generation • Stoel Rives LLP SILVER SPONSORS Baker Botts L.L.P. • Chadbourne & Parke LLP • Clipper Windpower, Inc. • Gexa Energy, LLC • Horizon Wind Energy Locke Lord Bissell & Liddell LLP • Lone Star Transmission, LLC • Stahl, Bernal & Davies, L.L.P. Steakley, Wetsel & Carmichael, L.L.P. • Suzlon Wind Energy Corporation • Vinson & Elkins LLP PRESENTED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF LAW AND THE OIL, GAS AND ENERGY RESOURCES LAW SECTION OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS 2008 WIND ENERGY INSTITUTE Presented by The University of Texas School of Law and The Oil, Gas and Energy Resources Law Section of the State Bar of Texas February 19-20, 2008 • Austin Convention Center • Austin, Texas Earn up to 14.50 Hours of MCLE Credit Specialization Credit Expected for Oil, Gas & Mineral Law TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 2008 10:45 a.m. .50 hr Presiding Officer: Power Markets and Nodal Pricing: How the New Andy Bowman, Airtricity, Inc., Austin, TX Rules will Change the Economics and Location of Wind Developments This session provides a snapshot of common methods by 7:30 a.m. Registration Opens which power is currently bought and sold in Texas, and continues with non-technical highlights of the new nodal Includes continental breakfast. pricing system, using illustrative and practical examples Edward W.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy: Wind and Solar
    Renewable Energy: Chapter | 19 Wind and Solar ❖ Can Texans harness the wind and sun and even the jobs that go with these energy sources? 600-turbine development across 336,000 Introduction acres of West Texas. Financed by Chinese In late 2009, German utility giant E.ON banks, the development will feature new constructed the world’s largest wind farm in turbines made in China and will bring the tiny West Texas town of Roscoe. The 300 temporary construction jobs and 30 Roscoe wind farm has the capacity to produce permanent jobs to the area. Renewable 781.5 megawatts — enough electricity for energy in Texas is new — and it has already every home in Plano, McKinney and the been globalized. rest of the 265,000 households in Collin These giant wind projects illustrate County. The $1 billion project in Roscoe two key trends: Texas is emerging as took 21 months to complete and employed the capital of renewable energy, and 500 construction workers, who built 627 wind foreign companies are moving fast to take turbines on the fields of 300 property owners advantage. “People in Texas think it has — land that once pumped oil. got to be conventional energy or renewable The wind turbines of West Texas spin at energy. It’s not. It’s both,” said Michael 7 miles per hour. And one turbine produces Webber, an engineering professor at the about as much electricity as 350 households University of Texas at Austin and associate consume in a year. These economics are director of the Center for International attracting more wind turbines to the state, Energy and Environmental Policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy Potential in Texas and Business Opportunities for the Netherlands
    Renewable energy potential in Texas and business opportunities for the Netherlands Commissioned by the ministry of Foreign Affairs 2016-2017 Renewable energy potential in Texas and business opportunities for the Netherlands Elène Lenders Wageningen University Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands The Netherlands Business Support Office, Houston, Texas, United States of America September 2016 – February 2017 Content 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Research Question ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.2. Method .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Definition of renewable energy ..................................................................................................... 5 1.4. Units .............................................................................................................................................. 5 2. The current market situation for energy in Texas ................................................................................. 6 2.1. An independent electricity grid ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2. The main fuel types supplied .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy in Alaska WH Pacific, Inc
    Renewable Energy in Alaska WH Pacific, Inc. Anchorage, Alaska NREL Technical Monitor: Brian Hirsch NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Subcontract Report NREL/SR-7A40-47176 March 2013 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Renewable Energy in Alaska WH Pacific, Inc. Anchorage, Alaska NREL Technical Monitor: Brian Hirsch Prepared under Subcontract No. AEU-9-99278-01 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Subcontract Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/SR-7A40-47176 Golden, Colorado 80401 March 2013 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 This publication was reproduced from the best available copy submitted by the subcontractor and received minimal editorial review at NREL. NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceived Risk and Response to the Wind Turbine Ice Throw
    PERCEIVED RISK AND RESPONSE TO THE WIND TURBINE ICE THROW HAZARD: COMPARING COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS AND OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL IN TWO REGIONS OF TEXAS by Greg Klaus, B.S., M.A.G. A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a major in Environmental Geography May 2017 Committee Members: Denise Blanchard-Boehm, Chair Richard Dixon Richard Earl Todd Moore COPYRIGHT by Greg Klaus 2017 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Greg Klaus, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. DEDICATION The author would like to dedicate this dissertation to the men and women who work in the wind energy industry who at times put themselves in harm’s way in order to provide for their families and also supply this great nation with a clean, renewable source of electricity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank his committee chair Dr. Denise Blanchard for all of her support and guidance throughout the dissertation process; as well as thank committee members Dr. Richard Dixon, Dr. Richard Earl, and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Ride Like the Wind: Selected Issues in Multi-Party Wind Lease Negotiations
    Texas A&M Journal of Property Law Volume 1 Number 3 Wind Farming: Obstacles to Planning Article 5 and Development 2014 Ride Like the Wind: Selected Issues in Multi-Party Wind Lease Negotiations Rod E. Wetsel University of Texas School of Law Steven K. DeWolf University of Texas School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/journal-of-property-law Part of the Energy and Utilities Law Commons Recommended Citation Rod E. Wetsel & Steven K. DeWolf, Ride Like the Wind: Selected Issues in Multi-Party Wind Lease Negotiations, 1 Tex. A&M J. Real Prop. L. 447 (2013). Available at: https://doi.org/10.37419/JPL.V1.I3.5 This Symposia Article is brought to you for free and open access by Texas A&M Law Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Texas A&M Journal of Property Law by an authorized editor of Texas A&M Law Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \\jciprod01\productn\T\TWR\1-3\TWR305.txt unknown Seq: 1 5-MAY-14 16:43 RIDE LIKE THE WIND:† SELECTED ISSUES IN MULTI-PARTY WIND LEASE NEGOTIATIONS By Rod E. Wetsel and Steven K. DeWolf ‡ I. INTRODUCTION .......................................... 448 R II. HISTORY OF WIND DEVELOPMENT IN TEXAS: THE WIND BOOM ............................................ 448 R III. THE TEXAS WIND LEASE ............................... 452 R A. Origins and Evolution .............................. 452 R B. Major Elements ..................................... 453 R IV. MULTI-PARTY WIND LEASE NEGOTIATIONS ............ 453 R A. The Town Hall Meeting Concept .................... 454 R B. Some Wind Groups and their Creators: Signing Parties .............................................
    [Show full text]