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A Pilot Study on Prevention and Control of Rabies by Animal Birth Control (ABC) in Raipura, Narsingdi, Bangladesh

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A Pilot Study on Prevention and Control of Rabies by Animal Birth Control (ABC) in Raipura, Narsingdi, Bangladesh Government of the Poeple's Institute of Allergy and Clinical Republic of Bangladesh Immunology of Bangladesh A Pilot study on Prevention and Control of Rabies by Animal Birth Control (ABC) in Raipura, Narsingdi, Bangladesh. Oct - Dec 2010 An Official Organ of the Bangladesh Anti Rabies Alliance (BARA) Suit No.18 (3rd Floor), Green Super Market Green Road, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh Tel: 880-2- 8122074 Email: [email protected], Web: www.iacib.org Chairman Professor (Dr.) Moazzem Hossain Director Disease Control Ministry of Health & Family Welfare & Chairman, Bangladesh Anti Rabies Alliance (BARA) M e s s a g e Bangladesh Anti Rabies Alliance (BARA), as the name implies, is a platform of doctors, scientists, professors of reputed academic institutions, and members of various other organizations of Bangladesh who have the ambition to free our country from neglected tropical diseases, specially Rabies. Rabies mainly affect the health of poor children of Bangladesh who live in remote rural areas with limited access to health facilities. Children from 5 to 15 years are the victims of animal bite followed by Rabies. More than 80% of animal bite cases are due to dog bite. The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh has stated its goals for control of Rabies. But it must be shared by everyone in the society and other relevant ministry as Ministry of Live stock and Local Government. The members of BARA are committed to make their best efforts to reduce the sufferings of the people inflicted with Rabies and animal bite by conducting research, raising social awareness and by forming partnerships with the stakeholders who are devoted to achieve the same goals of rabies control in human by using TCV and replacing NTV and in animal through animal vaccination and animal birth control etc. As Chairman of BARA, it is my great privilege to offer a hearty welcome to the participants of 2nd International Conference of Climate Change and Neglected Tropical Diseases (ICCCNTDs) whose kind presence will greatly inspire everyone involved with the control of Rabies in Bangladesh. Bangladesh being a country under grave risks of climate change, will immensely benefit from the knowledge and practice we hope to share from the distinguished participants of this conference. I would like to sincerely thank the organizers and the sponsors of 2nd ICCCNTD on behalf of BARA and wish great success of this international conference in Bangladesh. Professor (Dr.) Moazzem Hossain Chairman, BARA A Pilot study on Prevention and Control of Rabies by Animal Birth Control (ABC) E d i t o r i a l B o a r d Principal Investigator Professor (Dr.) Moazzem Hossain Director Disease Control Ministry of Health & Family Welfare & Chairman, Bangladesh Anti Rabies Alliance (BARA) Co-Investigators Dr. Aung Swi Prue Marma Deputy Program Manager, Rabies Program Directorate General of Health services (DGHS). Dr. Mahbubul Alam Deputy Director, CDC , DGHS. Dr. Md. Sohrab Hossain Veterinary Surgeon, Tongi Pourasava, Dhaka & Member BARA. Dr. Md. Azmat Ali Veterinary Officer, Dhaka City Corporation, Dhaka & Member BARA Prof. A.K.M.Shamsuzzaman Prof. of Microbiology Sahid Shwarawardy Medical College, Dhaka. Dr. Musleh Uddin Ahmed Assistant Director Emerging & Re-emerging Disease, DGHS. Ms. Karan Courtney International Adviser, BARA Ms. Nasima Akther Chairman IACIB & Member BARA. Md. Nezam Uddin Biswas GIS Consultant Institute of Allergy & Clinical Immunology of Bangladesh Page Massage of Chairman Editorial Board Contents Aims and objectives ------------------------- 1 Expected outcomes ------------------------- 1 Rational and Background ------------------------- 1 Location map of the study area ------------------------- 2 Methodology ------------------------- 2 Results of dog count ------------------------- 4 Results of ABC ------------------------- 6 Discussion ------------------------- 8 Lessons learned ------------------------- 9 Conclusion ------------------------- 10 References ------------------------- 10 2010 A Pilot study on Prevention and Control of Rabies by Animal Birth Control (ABC) Aims: a) To reduce the risk of the dog population present to human health and the health of other animals. b) To reduce the risks that the current roaming dog population presents to the community and to avoid poor welfare of the current roaming population. Objectives: Specific Objectives: (i) to reduce by 10% the dog population by chemical sterilization (Esteril sol) of male dog (ii) to vaccinate all dogs on the island char areas of Raipura (iii) to kill suspected rabid dogs in the island (iv) to treat all animal bite cases by TCV and RIG where indicated. Expected Outcome/s: At the end of the Pilot study the selected island areas' risk of rabies to humans and other animals will be reduced. Rational and Background for proposed studies: Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease, which infects domestic and wild animals (dog, cat, fox, jackal, mongoose, cattle). The disease is transmitted through bite, scratches and licks of infected host on mucous membrane. It is cent percent fatal and equally preventable. In Bangladesh, it is one of the most neglected tropical disease that affect hardcore poor people living in the country. More than 85% of people infected with rabies are from rural areas and more than 90% are due to dog bite. The group mostly affected by rabies in Bangladesh, is children aged between 8-15 years. It is therefore important to develop an understanding of testing the modern prevention and control strategy of rabies from an island area. The learned skills and knowledge from the current study can be adopted as part of rabies control strategy throughout the country. The study purposes to carry out a Pilot study on testing the updated prevention and control strategy of rabies in an island of the country. To reduce the risk of a roaming dog population to human health and other animal health it is important to understand the situation. This study aimed to answer the following questions in order to better understand the potential risk posed by the dog population in one sub-district level of Bangladesh; What is the current size of the dog population in the Raipura area and what are the categories within it? This includes both owned and unowned, confined and roaming dogs, and where these overlap. Where are the roaming dogs coming from? What are the sources of these dogs and why do these sources exist? 01 2010 A Pilot study on Prevention and Control of Rabies by Animal Birth Control (ABC) Figure 01: Location map of the study area Location of Raipura su-district Methodology: Study areas: Six union of Raipura upazila (Sub-district) under Narsingdi district, which are surrounded by the river Meghna. The proposed six union are completely isolated from mainland Raipura. The only way to reach the island areas is country boat. Study population: People residing in six union of Raipura. The populations of the selected unions are given below in a table. Table-1. Population distribution of Pilot study areas in Raipura, Narsingdi Sl. No. Name of union Number of villages Population 1. Bashgari 8 16,189 2. Paratuli 15 27,410 3. Mirzarchar 5 8,893 4. Charmadhuwa 5 11,048 5. Shrinagar 18 27,432 6. Chanpur 11 18,530 Total 62 1,09,502 02 2010 A Pilot study on Prevention and Control of Rabies by Animal Birth Control (ABC) Inclusion criteria: 1. Unions, which are completely separated from mainland Raipura by the river Meghna. 2. Community leaders and stakeholders, who agreed to include and participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Those who refuse to participate in the study. 2. Island areas, which have direct communication with mainland Raipura. ABC Procedures: Information collection: Information about the pilot unions were retrieved from the upazila headquarter, Raipura from official record. Pilot unions were selected at the pre-Piloting advocacy meeting with Chairmen, members and school teachers of 12 island union of Raipura, which are completely separated from mainland Raipura. Dog Survey: Dog surveyors with previous experience in dog surveys and dog catching were recruited. Volunteers from respective unions and wards were also recruited to help the entire survey procedures. UP chairmen, members and secretaries of respective unions were advised to co-operate the survey team including provision of temporary lodging and meals. Dog surveyors were instructed to use the following format to count dogs in the island areas. Surveyors were given half day training in the counting methodology and data recording format. Table 02: Dog survey form Sl. Name of dog owner Description of dog Remarks No. and address Photograph of Sex Color Age Number dog During survey, they were also asked to take picture of each dog to avoid repetition of counting. The total survey procedure was monitored and supervised by an expert Veterinary Surgeon, who remained present during the procedure. 03 2010 A Pilot study on Prevention and Control of Rabies by Animal Birth Control (ABC) Pilot activities included: (a) Training of veterinary surgeons on ABC using Esterilsol (b) ABC activities: - chemical sterilization of male dogs by using Esterilsol - culling of suspected rabid dogs by anesthesia and euthanasia (c) Vaccination of pet and stray dogs (d) Post Exposure Treatment (PET) of human using - ARV ( TCV) - RIG ABC activities commenced on October 29, 2010, and were carried out two days per week on the following dates: October- 29th and 30th November-5th and 6th; 12th and 13th ; 19th and 20th ; 26th and 27th December- 3rd and 4th Results of dog count: ABC activities in the pilot unions of Raipura were completed as per the methodology. Table 03: Number of dogs according to age Age/size No. of dog Percentage Big 665 58.2 Small 89 7.8 Medium size 389 34.0 Total 1143 100.0 A total of 1143 dogs were counted in the pilot unions of Raipura. Table 04: Number of dogs according to sex Sex No. of dog Percentage Male 570 49.87 Female 290 25.37 Puppy 283 24.76 Total 1143 100.0 04 2010 A Pilot study on Prevention and Control of Rabies by Animal Birth Control (ABC) Approximately 50% of the dogs counted were identified as male dogs, 25% as female and 25% as puppies, whose sex was undetermined.
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